金元医家窦汉卿为透穴刺法初创者已为学界共识

本文从《窦太师针经》入手梳理元明清时期多个针灸文本的透穴内容

探讨透穴刺法的体例、应用腧穴及基本要素、主治病症特点等

尝试从技术哲学角度辨析其与透刺法之关系。发现《窦太师针经》28例"透、向"体例之透穴刺法的规范和数量足以为后世模范

为元明清透穴刺法的源头文献

此后针灸文本基本沿用此体例和内容并各有发展

如《扁鹊神应针灸玉龙经》《针灸大成》《针方六集》等版本之《玉龙歌》

而《针方六集》37例居各本之首

《循经考穴编》31例记有窦氏、杨氏、凌氏三位医家之透穴特色

凌氏在窦氏一针透穴基础上发展出两针或多针相向透穴刺法。透穴刺法有针刺分寸(深度)、角度、方向、起点穴(施透穴)、终点穴(被透穴)5项基本要素

《窦太师针经》透穴刺法大多主治局部病症

肘膝以下部分腧穴兼治远端病症。透穴刺法是一种以腧穴为特定意向结构的特殊透刺法

与透刺法二者不可混同一语。It has been the consensus of the academic community that the doctor DOU Han-qing in Jin-Yuan Dynasty was the pioneer of point to point penetration acupuncture method.The contents of several texts in Yuan-Ming-Qing Dynasties were combed on the basis of Dou Taishi Zhenjing(《窦太师针经》).The paradigm

the acupoints

basic elements and the characteristics of the main treatment of diseases were discussed

and the relationship between the point to point penetration acupuncture method with the penetration acupuncture method has been tried to distinguish from the perspective of technical philosophy. It was found that the specifications and quantity of the 28 “penetration and to” cases in Dou Taishi Zhenjing(《窦太师针经》)were sufficiently exemplary for future generations

and were the source documents of Yuan-Ming-Qing's texts

which basically followed its specifications and content and developed.For example

the Yulong Poetries(《玉龙歌》)in the books of Bianque Shenying Zhenjiu Yulong Jing(《扁鹊神应针灸玉龙经》)

Zhenjiu Dacheng(《针灸大成》)

Zhenfang Liuji(《针方六集》).The 37 cases in Zhenfang Liuji(《针方六集》) were the most in several texts.The 31 cases in Xunjing Kaoxue Bian(《循经考穴编》)had the characteristics of DOU Han-qing

YANG Ji-zhou and LING Yun

who developed the opposite direction penetration method with two or more needles on DOU Han-qing's one needle.There were five basic elements in the point to point penetration acupuncture method: the needle pri-cking inch(depth)

the needle pricking angle

the needle pricking direction

the starting acupoint

the end acupoint.This method in Dou Taishi Zhenjing(《窦太师针经》)mostly treated local diseases and symptoms

some acupoints below the elbows and knees also treated far-end diseases.The point to point penetration acupuncture method has a specific intention structure

which cannot be confused with the penetration acupuncture method.