最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 3 ， 2019
- 摘要：The NIH-funded"Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions(SPARC)"program has been initiated in Octomber 2016,aiming at developing high resolution neural circuit maps and next generation neural modulation devices.This program has brought great stimulus to acupuncturists and acupuncture researchers both at home and abroad.Is the SPARC program a driving force or a challenge of acupuncture research?In the present study,we introduced the SPARC program and compared it with current acupuncture research.The first step of SPARC is to better map neural circuits associated with disease on the anatomical level so as to identify the best points for intervention,and to decode the neural language at these intervention points for developing a dictionary of patterns associated with health and disease states on the signaling level.Similarly,our acupuncture research also focuses on revealing the neural encoding of acupuncture stimulation and its effect on visceral function,seeking suitable stimulation parameters to regulate the abnormal visceral activity precisely.Therefore,the common point of SPARC program and acupuncture research is the scientific basis of peripheral somatic neuronal regulation,and their difference is that acupuncture regulates the visceral function through multiple neural circuits and neural feedbacks by stimulating the sensitized points or acupoints,achieving homeostasis at last.Acupuncture-induced regulation effect is limited and the therapy is safe.Whereas,"stimulating peripheral activity(SPA)"can regulate the visceral organs precisely but without neural feedback.Inevitably,SPA will produce tolerance or side effects.Therefore,there is still much work to be done in terms of the initiation of trigger stimulation and the feedback inhibition of target organ effects.The SPARC program is definitely apowerful force in revealing the mechanisms by which acupuncture works.关键词：Acupuncture research;Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions(SPARC);Electroceuticals579|855|26更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)on pain behavior and expression of!-opioid receptor(MOR)and Rab5(an important protein molecule for internalization of MOR)in the locus coeruleus(LC)region in bone cancer pain(BCP)rats with morphine tolerance(MT),so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of BCP and MT.Methods The present study included two parts.In the first part,23 female SD rats were randomized into sham BCP(n=6),BCP(n=9)and BCP+MT(n=8)groups,and in the second part,61 female SD rats were randomized into 5 groups:sham BCP(n=11),BCP(n=11),BCP+MT(n=13),BCP+MT+EA(n=13)and BCP+MT+sham EA(n=13).The BCP morphine tolerance(BCP+MT)model was established by injection of 10 !L of human Walker 256 breast cancer cells(MRMT-1 breast cancer cells,1 x104 cells/!L)into the bone marrow cavity at the upper part of the left tibia and intraperitoneal injection of morphine hydrochloride(10 mg/kg,once per 12 h,for 11 successive days).On day 21 after inoculation,EA(2 Hz/100 Hz,0.5-1.5 mA,increasing 0.5 mA every 10 min)was began to applied to bilateral"Zusanli"(ST30)and"Kunlun"(BL60)immediately after the first intraperitoneal injection of morphine.The treatment was performed for 30 min every time,once daily for 7 successive days.The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)was detected before and 10,11,21,22,24,26 and 28 days after inoculation.The immunoactivity of MOR and Rab5 proteins in the LC region was detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry.Results In the first part of the study,at the 10 th day after inoculation of cancer cells,the PWT of the BCP and BCP+MT groups was significantly lower than that of the sham BCP group(P<0.05),suggesting a success of BCP model.From day 11 to 19 after inoculation(during injection of morphine),the PWTs of the BCP+MT group were significantly higher than those of the BCP group(P<0.01),and on day 21,the PWT of the BCP+MT group was similar to that of the BCP group(P>0.05)but significantly lower than that of the sham BCP group(P<0.01),suggesting a success of MT.H.E.staining showed a large quantity of MRMT-1 cancer cells in the bone marrow cavity in both BCP and BCP+MT groups.In the second part of the study,the decreased PWTs from 10 th to 28 th day after inoculation were significantly increased on day 22,24,26 and 28 in the BCP+MT+EA group relevant to the BCP,BCP+MT and BCP+MT+sham EA groups(P<0.01).The ratios of MOR and Rab5 positive(+)cells and MOR+/Rab5+of the left LC region were significantly lower in the BCP and BCP+MT groups than those of the sham BCP group(P<0.01),but were considerably higher in the BCP+MT+EA group than those in the BCP,BCP+MT and BCP+MT+sham EA groups(P<0.01).The ratios of Rab5+and MOR+/Rab54 cells/!L)into the bone marrow cavity at the upper part of the left tibia and intraperitoneal injection of morphine hydrochloride(10 mg/kg,once per 12 h,for 11 successive days).On day 21 after inoculation,EA(2 Hz/100 Hz,0.5-1.5 mA,increasing 0.5 mA every 10 min)was began to applied to bilateral"Zusanli"(ST30)and"Kunlun"(BL60)immediately after the first intraperitoneal injection of morphine.The treatment was performed for 30 min every time,once daily for 7 successive days.The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)was detected before and 10,11,21,22,24,26 and 28 days after inoculation.The immunoactivity of MOR and Rab5 proteins in the LC region was detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry.Results In the first part of the study,at the 10 th day after inoculation of cancer cells,the PWT of the BCP and BCP+MT groups was significantly lower than that of the sham BCP group(P<0.05),suggesting a success of BCP model.From day 11 to 19 after inoculation(during injection of morphine),the PWTs of the BCP+MT group were significantly higher than those of the BCP group(P<0.01),and on day 21,the PWT of the BCP+MT group was similar to that of the BCP group(P>0.05)but significantly lower than that of the sham BCP group(P<0.01),suggesting a success of MT.H.E.staining showed a large quantity of MRMT-1 cancer cells in the bone marrow cavity in both BCP and BCP+MT groups.In the second part of the study,the decreased PWTs from 10 th to 28 th day after inoculation were significantly increased on day 22,24,26 and 28 in the BCP+MT+EA group relevant to the BCP,BCP+MT and BCP+MT+sham EA groups(P<0.01).The ratios of MOR and Rab5 positive(+)cells and MOR+/Rab5+of the left LC region were significantly lower in the BCP and BCP+MT groups than those of the sham BCP group(P<0.01),but were considerably higher in the BCP+MT+EA group than those in the BCP,BCP+MT and BCP+MT+sham EA groups(P<0.01).The ratios of Rab5+and MOR+/Rab5+cells of the BCP+MT group were significantly lower than those of the BCP group(P<0.05).No significant changes were found in the ratios of MOR+and Rab5+cells of the BCP+MT group were significantly lower than those of the BCP group(P<0.05).No significant changes were found in the ratios of MOR+and Rab5+cells and MOR+/Rab5+cells and MOR+/Rab5+cells after BCP+MT+sham EA in comparison with the BCP+MT group(P>0.05).Conclusion EA intervention can relieve pain and MT in bone cancer pain rats with MT,which may be related to its effects in increasing MOR expression and promoting endocytosis of MOR in LC region.关键词：Bone cancer pain;Morphine tolerance;Electroacupuncture;!-opioid receptor;Endocytosis of receptor;Locus coeruleus(LC)669|512|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at"Shenmen"(HT7)and"Sanyinjiao"(SP6)on energy metabolism in paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of hypothalamus in insomnia rats,so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of insomnia.Methods A total of 66 SD rats(half male and half female)were randomized into 3 groups:normal control,model and EA groups(n=22 per group).The insomnia model was established by binding the rat for at least 4 h(step increase of 30 min per day),once daily for 15 days.EA(5 Hz/25 Hz,0.5-1.0 mA)was applied to unilateral HT7 and SP6 for 15 min,once daily for 5 days.The rats' spontaneous activities during day and night were recorded by using the ClockLab Data Collection and Analysis System,and the duration of exhausted swimming was detected by using load-bearing endurance swimming test.The expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)of PVN tissue was assayed by Western blot,and the contents of acetyl coenzyme A(Ac-CoA)and Na+-K+-K+adenosine triphosphatase(Na+-K+-ATPase)in the PVN tissue,and corticosterone(CORT)in plasma were assayed by ELISA.Changes of the ultrastructure of PVN cells were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results After modeling,the rats' daytime and nocturnal locomotor activities were significantly increased and decreased,respectively(P<0.05),and the duration of exhausted swimming was considerably shortened in the model group compared with that of the normal control group(P<0.05).The expression level of AMPK protein in the PVN was obviously up-regulated(P<0.05),and the contents of Ac-CoA and Na+adenosine triphosphatase(Na+-K+-ATPase)in the PVN tissue,and corticosterone(CORT)in plasma were assayed by ELISA.Changes of the ultrastructure of PVN cells were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results After modeling,the rats' daytime and nocturnal locomotor activities were significantly increased and decreased,respectively(P<0.05),and the duration of exhausted swimming was considerably shortened in the model group compared with that of the normal control group(P<0.05).The expression level of AMPK protein in the PVN was obviously up-regulated(P<0.05),and the contents of Ac-CoA and Na+-K+-K+-ATPase in PVN and CORT in plasma were markedly decreased in the model control group relevant to the normal group(P<0.05).After EA intervention,the increased daytime locomotion and the decreased nocturnal activities,the shortened duration of exhausted swimming,the up-regulated expression of AMPK,and the decreased Ac-CoA,Na+-K+-ATPase and CORT contents were all reversed in the EA treated rats relevant to those of the insomnia rats(all P<0.05).Moreover,ultrastructural observation showed mitochondrial swelling and disappearance of partial ribosomes in the plasma of PVN cells in the model group,while in the EA group,only mild swelling of some mitochondria was found,being with basically normal nuclear membrane,mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex and ribosomes.Conclusion EA at HT7 and SP6 has a positive effect in improving insomnia and insomnia-induced fatigue in insomnia rats,which may be associated with its effects in restraining the expression of AMPK protein,and up-regulating the contents of Ac-CoA and Na+-ATPase in PVN and CORT in plasma were markedly decreased in the model control group relevant to the normal group(P<0.05).After EA intervention,the increased daytime locomotion and the decreased nocturnal activities,the shortened duration of exhausted swimming,the up-regulated expression of AMPK,and the decreased Ac-CoA,Na+-K+-ATPase and CORT contents were all reversed in the EA treated rats relevant to those of the insomnia rats(all P<0.05).Moreover,ultrastructural observation showed mitochondrial swelling and disappearance of partial ribosomes in the plasma of PVN cells in the model group,while in the EA group,only mild swelling of some mitochondria was found,being with basically normal nuclear membrane,mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex and ribosomes.Conclusion EA at HT7 and SP6 has a positive effect in improving insomnia and insomnia-induced fatigue in insomnia rats,which may be associated with its effects in restraining the expression of AMPK protein,and up-regulating the contents of Ac-CoA and Na+-K+-K+-ATPase in PVN and CORT in plasma.关键词：Insomnia;Electroacupuncture;Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus;Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase;Acetyl coenzyme A;Na~+-K~+ adenosine triphosphatase637|895|8更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of"Neiguan"(PC6)-electroacupuncture(EA)preconditioning on serum metabolites in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)rats,so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of ischemic myocardium from metabonomics.Methods A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control,model,EA"Neiguan"(PC6)and EA"Hegu"(LI4)groups(n=12 rats/group).Rats of the control group were just banded on animal boards for 30 min,once daily for 7 days.The MIRI model was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 40 min,followed by reperfusion for 1 h,and rats of the model group were also banded as those in the control group.Before modeling,EA(10 Hz/50 Hz,1 mA)was applied to bilateral"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Hegu"(LI4)for 30 min,once daily for 7 successive days.After the treatment,serum samples were collected to be analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1 H NMR)spectroscopy.The orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis(PLS-DA)was employed to distinguish the serum differential metabolic profile of rats in different groups and identify potential biomarkers.Results After modeling,the ECG of model group and electroacupuncture groups showed T wave towering,and there was no obvious ST segment between R wave and T wave.The T wave decreased more than 0.2 mV after reperfusion,and there was no obvious ST segment.Compared with the control group,MIRI induced significant changes of metabolites in the serum including increase of acetoacetate acid,lectic acid,creatine,glycerol and glucose,and decrease of alanine,glutamine,glycerophosphoryl choline and phosphorylcholine.In comparison with the model group,PC6-EA preconditioning induced significant changes,including an increase of glucose,and a decrease of leucine,isoleucine,valine,3-hydroxybutyric acid,lactate,acetate,acetone,acetoacetate acid,pyruvic acid,glutamine,creatine and glycerol.There is no significant difference in metabolic patterns between"Hegu"group and model group.Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the protective effect of PC6-EA pretreatment was realized mainly by regulating pathways of glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,citric acid metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,ketone body metabolism,etc.Conclusion PC6-EA pretreatment has a role in regulating gluconeogenesis,pyruvate metabolism,amino metabolism,ketone body metabolism and energy metabolism in rats with MIRI,which maybe contribute to its protective effect on ischemic myocardium,but the specific metabolic pathways and mechanisms need being studied further.关键词：Electroacupuncture preconditioning;Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury;Metabonomics;Nuclear magnetic resonance638|478|6更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of scalp-acupuncture intervention on the expression of Interleukin(IL)-10 mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin the parahippocampal gyrus of cerebral ischemia(CI)rats,so as to explore its molecular mechanisms underlying improvement of CI.Methods A total of 64 male SD rats were randomized into normal control,model,medication and scalp-acupuncture groups(n=16 rats in each group).The focal CI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Intraperitoneal injection of Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate(100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1))was administrated for rats in the medication group,once a day for 7 days.For rats of the scalp-acupuncture group,the acupuncture needles were rapidly inserted into bilateral Dingnieqianxiexian(MS6),followed by twirling the needles at 100 cycles/min for 1 min,once again every 10 min during 20 min'needle retention.The treatment was conducted once a day for 7 days.The neurologic deficit score(0-4 points,impaired consciousness,death,etc.)and neurological function score(motor,sensory and sensory tests,0-10 points)were assessed according to Longa's(1989)and Schabitz's(2004)methods,respectively.The expression levels of IL-10 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of TNF-αwas detected by immunohistochemistry.Results After modeling,the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores and the expression levels of IL-10 mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-αprotein in the parahippocampus were significantly increased in the model group than in the normal control group(P<0.01).Following the intervention,the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores as well as IL-6 mRNA and TNF-αprotein expression were significantly down-regulated in both scalp-acupuncture and medication groups(P<0.05),and the expression of IL-10 mRNA was obviously increased(P<0.05)relevant to the model group.Conclusion Scalp-acupuncture can improve neurologic function in CI rats,which is related to its effects in up-regulating the expression of IL-10,then down-regulating the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α(reducing inflammatory response)in the parahippocampal gyrus.关键词：Scalp-acupuncture;Acute cerebral ischemia;Parahippocampus;IL-10mRNA;IL-6mRNA;Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)516|396|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture of"Daimai"(GB26)on abdominal fat accumulation,lipid metabolism and hepatic oxidative stress in abdominal obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)rats.Methods male SD rats were divided into 3 groups:normal diet(normal,n=8),high fat diet control(model)and acupuncture(n=8/group in the latter2 groups).The abdominal obese NAFLD model was established by feeding the rats with high fat diet for 12 weeks.EA(2 Hz/15 Hz,1.5 mA)was applied to bilateral GB26 for 20 min,once every other day for 8 weeks.Rats of the model group were also restrained for 20 min as those in the EA group.The body mass and abdominal circumference were measured weekly,the isolated adipose tissues around the bilateral kidney and epididymis and the fresh liver were weighed.The contents of serum cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),alanine transaminase(ALT),glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase(AST)were detected by using an automatic biochemical analyzer.The abdominal visceral fat distribution was acquired by CT scanning.The oxidative stress indexes of the homogenated liver tissues,such as malondialdehyde(MDA)was assayed using sodium thiobarbital(TBA)method,and the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)were assayed by using hydroxylamine method and colorimetric method respectively.The histopathological changes of the liver were observed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin(HE).Results Following modeling,the body mass and waist circumference,visceral fat weight of bilateral kidneys and testis(visceral fat weight),liver weight,serum ALT,AST,TG and TC and liver MDA contents,were significantly higher in the model group(P<0.001,P<0.05),while hepatic T-SOD and GSH-PX activity was considerably lower in the model group than those in the normal group(P<0.001).After acupuncture intervention,the levels of all the above-mentioned indexes(modeling induced both increase and decrease)were reversed relevant to the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The results of CT scanning showed that the fat accumulation area in the abdomen was 8.67 cm2,18.51 cm2 and 13.75 cm2 in the normal,model and acupuncture groups,respectively,presenting a decrease after acupuncture.H.E.staining displayed that the degree of hepatic steatosis(including vague hepatic lobule boundary,disordered arrangement of hepatic cord,hepatocellular swelling,diffuse fatty degeneration,unequal-sized lipid droplets in the hepatocytes,nucleus excursion and dissolution after modeling)was improved after acupuncture.Conclusion Acupuncture can reduce body weight and abdominal fat accumulation in abdominal obese NAFLD rats,which may be related to its effects in inhibiting oxidative stress(lowering MDA level and increasing the activity of T-SOD and GSH-PX)and improving hepatic lipid metabolism.关键词：Acupuncture;Abdominal obesity;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;Oxidative stress;Lipid metabolism567|671|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion of"Zusanli"(ST36)on levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and hypothalamus regions of rats with fatigue,so as to reveal its anti-fatigue mechanism.Methods Twentyfour male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control,fatigue model,and moxibustion groups,with 8 rats in each group.The fatigue model was established by chronic weight-loaded exhaustive swimming.During modeling,the rats in the moxibustion group were given moxibustion(3 moxa cones,about 8 min in duration)at bilateral ST36,once every other day for11 times in total.The duration of exhausted swimming was observed,and ELISA was used to measure the contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)in the hippocampus and hypothalamus tissues.Results The duration of exhausted swimming was obviously prolonged on day 14 and 21 after moxibustion intervention relevant to the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin the hippocampus were significantly increased in the model group than in the normal group(P<0.01),and that of hippocampal IL-6 was considerably decreased in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.05).The content of hippocampal IFN-γwas significantly lower in the model group than in the normal group(P<0.05)and was increased mildly after moxibustion(P>0.05).No significantly changes were found in the levels of hypothalamic IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand IFN-γafter modeling and moxibustion(P>0.05),and in the levels of hippocampal IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γafter moxibustion(P>0.05).Conclusion Moxibustion can significantly down-regulate hippocampal IL-6 content in fatigue rats,which maybe contribute to its effect in alleviating fatigue.Further studies need being conducted to identify this conclusion.关键词：Moxibustion;Fatigue;Cytokines;Inflammatory response;Hippocampus;Hypothalamus613|375|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of warm needle moxibustion(WNM),mild moxibustion and electroacupuncture(EA)of"Shenshu"(BL23)and"Guanyuan"(CV4)on serum gonadal hormone levels and related gene expression in the hypothalamus and testis in aged rats,so as to explore their underlying mechanisms in anti-aging.Methods Forty male SD male rats were randomly divided into aged control,WNM,mild moxibustion,EA and medication groups(n = 8 in each group),and other 8 male young adult SD rats were used as the youth control group.WNM(acupuncture plus moxibustion),mild moxibustion or EA(2 Hz/100 Hz,1 mA)was separately applied to CV4 and bilateral BL23 for 15 min,once daily,5 days a week for 8 weeks.Rats of the medication group received subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate injection(7 mg/kg),once every 3 days,and those of the aged and youth groups received the same dose of 0.9% NaCl solution for 8 weeks.The levels of serum testosterone(T)and gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)were measured by ELISA.The expression of Kisspeptin(KISS-1),G protein-coupled receptors 54(GPR54),RFamide-related peptide-3(RFRP-3)and GPR147 mRNAs in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R,GPR54 and GPR147 mRNAs in the testis tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Results The levels of serum T and GnRH,and the expressions of KISS-1,GPR54,RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNAs in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R and GPR54 mRNAs in the testis in the aged rats were significantly lower than those in the youth rats(P<0.05),while the expression level of GPR147 mRNA of the testis tissue was obviously higher in the aged group than that in the youth group(P<0.05).Following the treatment,the lowered serum T and GnRH contents,the down-regulated expression levels of hypothalamic KISS-1,GPR54,RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNAs and testicle GnRH-R and GPR54 mRNAs,as well as the up-regulated testicle GPR147 mRNA expression in the aged rats were reversed in the WNM,mild moxibustion and EA groups(not the medication group except serum T)in comparison with the aged control group(P<0.05).The therapeutic effects of WNM,mild moxibustion and EA were significantly superior to those of medication in up-regulating serum GnRH content and expression levels of KISS-1,GPR54,RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNAs in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R,GPR54 and GPR147 mRNAs in the testis(P<0.05).No significant differences were found among the WNM,mild moxibustion and EA groups in serum T and GnRH contents,and the expression levels of KISS-1,GPR54,RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNAs in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R and GPR54 and GPR147 mRNAs in the testis(P>0.05).Conclusion The WNM,mild moxibustion and EA therapies have an anti-aging effect by increasing serum T and GnRH levels in aged rats,which is possibly related to their effects in up-regulating the expression of hypothalamic KISS-1,GPR54,RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNAs and testicle GnRH-R and GPR54 mRNAs,as well as down-regulating testicle GPR147 mRNA expression.The therapeutic effect of WNM,mild moxibustion and EA is evidently superior to that of medication.关键词：Warm needle moxibustion;Electroacupuncture;Mild moxibustion;Anti-aging;Gonadal hormones;Hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis565|407|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of internal heat-type acupuncture needle(IHTAN)therapy in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder pain in apopletic patients.Methods According to the random number table,96 patients with post-stroke shoulder pain were divided into IHTAN group and warm needle moxibustion group(n=48 in each one).Jianyu(LI15),Jianliao(TE14),Jianzhen(SI9),Binao(LI14)and Ashi points(Extra)on the affected side were selected in the two groups.For patients of the IHTAN group,internal warmth controllable acupuncture needles were inserted into the above-mentioned acupoints,and then connected to an internal heat acupuncture apparatus for stimulating the acupoints at 42℃,20 min every time,once a week,for 4 weeks.For patients of the warm needle moxibustion group,the above mentioned acupoints were stimulated with filiform needles attached with an ignited moxa-stick,once every other day,for 4 weeks.If the shoulder pain disappeared or basically disappeared,it was considered to be healed,if the pain was relieved,it was considered to be effective,otherwise,it was considered to be ineffective.The incidence of local skin injury including burn,empyrosis,silt blue,hematoma and infection,the heart rate,respiration,blood pressure,oxyhemoglobin saturation,blood routine(hemoglobin level,white blood cell[WBC]count,platelet count),creatase and dipolymer levels were recorded or detected.Additionally,the patients' satisfaction rate about the treatment environment was recorded.Results Following the treatment,of the 45 and 47 cases in the warm needle moxibustion and IHTAN groups,5(11.11%)and 20(42.55%)were cured,26(57.78%)and 21(44.68%)experienced marked improvement,and 14(31.11%)and 6(12.77%)had no apparent changes in their shoulder pain severity,with the total effective rates being 68.89% and 87.23%,respectively.The curative rate and total effective rate of the IHTAN group were significantly higher than those of the warm needle moxibustion group(P<0.01,P<0.05).The incidence of skin injury of the IHTAN group was evidently lower than that of the warm needle moxibustion group(P<0.01),and the patients' therapeutic environment satisfaction rate was remarkably higher in the IHTNA group than in the warm needle moxibustion group(P<0.05).No significant differences were found between the two groups and between pre-and post-treatment in each group in the heart rate,respiration frequency,systolic and diastolic pressures,oxyhemoglobin saturation,hemoglobin content,WBC count,platelet count,and plasma dipolymer,creatine kinase,lactic dehydrogenase,and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels(P>0.05).Conclusion The IHTAN therapy is effective,safe and reliable in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder pain.In terms of the incidence of skin injury and the satisfaction degree of therapeutic environment,the internal heat-type acupuncture needle therapy is obviously superior to the warm needle moxibustion therapy.关键词：Post-stroke shoulder pain;Internal heat-type acupuncture needle(IHTAN)therapy;Warm needle moxibustion therapy;Therapeutic effectiveness;Safety556|482|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA)in the early stage.Methods A total of 60 KOA patients were randomized into medication group and acupuncture combined with medication(acupuncture)group(n=30 in each group).Patients of the medication group were treated by external application of Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel around the affected joint,3 times a day for 2 successive weeks and reasonable exercising training.Patients of the acupuncture group received routine medication and reasonable exercising training and acupuncture of Ashi-points,Zusanli(ST36),Yanglingquan(GB34),Yinlingquan(SP9),Neixiyan(EX-LE4)and Dubi(ST35)at affected side with filiform needles which were manipulated with uniform reinforcing-reducing method for a while,followed by retaining the needles for 30 min.The treatment was conducted once every other day for 2 weeks.The pain degree was assessed by using visual analog scale(VAS)and the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)scale(0-240 points)was used to evaluate the severity of KOA,and the"Diagnosis of Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine"was used to assess the therapeutic effect after the treatment.Results After the treatment,the VAS and WOMAC scores of both medication and acupuncture groups were significantly and respectively decreased in comparison with their own pre-treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of the two indexes of the acupuncture group were evidently lower than those of the medication group(P<0.05).Of the two 30 cases in the medication and acupuncture groups,5(16.67%)and 6(20.00%)were cured,17(56.67%)and 19(63.33%)experienced marked improvement,6(20.00%)and 4(13.33%)were effective,2(6.67%)and 1(3.33%)were ineffective,with the effective rate of cure plus marked effectiveness being 73.33% and 83.33%,respectively.No significant difference was found between the two groups in the therapeutic effect(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with medication has a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of KOA in the early stage than that of the simple medication.关键词：Acupuncture therapy;Knee osteoarthritis(KOA);Early stage;Randomized controlled trial(RCT)503|755|7更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The"Mai Dong(bing)Fa"(pathogenesis of channel or meridian disorders)was proposed in the concept by Huangfu MI(from the Jin Dynasty),and was classified and elaborated according to the characteristics and comprehensive analysis of symptoms and signs collected by inspection,auscultation and olfaction,inquiry and pulse taking and palpation in his book Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing(A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion).In-depth exploration on the academic origin of"pathogenesis of meridian disorders"may help us understand the connotation of meridian problems once again.Firstly,when the meridian falls in disorder,resulting in abnormal functional changes and then a series of symptoms and signs arose.Secondly,generally,not just one meridian falls in disorders,but more meridians are simultaneously involved,which needs to be differentiated through comprehensive analysis of the four diagnostic methods and meridian identification.Thirdly,based on the diagnosis of the disorders of the related meridians,appropriate acupoints are selected.Correct understanding about the "pathogenesis of meridian disorders"is definitely helpful to our observation and summarization of modern clinical diseases and theoretical sublimation,and also favorable to guide our clinical practice and clarification of meridian-collateral's implications.关键词："Mai Dong(bing)Fa"(pathogenesis of meridian disorders);A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion;Inspection;Auscultation and olfaction;Inquiry;Pulse taking and palpation472|484|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To explore the regularities of clinical application of hand acupuncture therapy to the treatment of diseases of different departments by using data mining technique,so as to provide a reference for clinical practice.MethodsWe searched papers,academic dissertations and case reports(published in journals from Jan 1,1953 to December 31,2017)from databases of China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),VIP,and Wanfang,and also searched papers from medical books about hand acupuncture treatment of different diseases/illness by using keywords of"hand acupuncture"and "hand acupoints",followed by constructing a database after sorting,screening,recording,extracting,and statistical analysis by using a computer.Then,the data mining was conducted for summarizing the characteristics and rules of the hand acupuncture therapy in clinical application.Results The hand acupuncture therapy in Chinese medical journals was found to be applied to various clinical departments,with the frequency from high to low successively being 16 types of diseases(37.21%)in the surgery,15 diseases(34.88%)in the internal medicine,2 diseases(4.65%)in the pediatrics,8 diseases(18.60%)in the ophthalmology-otorhinolaryngology,1 disease(2.33%)in the genecology and 1 disease(2.33%)in the dermatology.In the treatment of diseases,the cure plus markedly effective rate of hand acupuncture was found to be highest for diseases of the pediatrics(90.65%),and was88.45% surgery,78.06% internal medicine,89.96% ophthalmology-otorhinolaryngology,60.61% gynecology,and 67.73%dermatology,respectively.When hand acupuncture used,the acupoints of the hand region on both sides,healthy side and affected side were often selected,and movement exercise was often used in combination,particularly for problems of the surgery.In the collected medical records and 6 acupuncture books,the hand acupuncture was employed for treatment of 34 and 123 kinds of diseases or problems,respectively,with the tissue injury,lumbocrural pain being most frequently seen in the records,and abdominal pain,lumbocrural,chest obstruction,etc.most frequently seen in the acupuncture books.Conclusion Hand acupuncture therapy is widely used in the treatment of many clinical problems of different departments,such as tissue injury,leg pain,etc.of the surgery;abdominal pain,asthma,etc.of the internal medicine;infantile enuresis,diarrhea,etc.of the pediatrics.Acupoints of the hand on the unilateral side are frequently employed and may have a better therapeutic effect.关键词：Hand acupuncture therapy;Data mining;Literature research;Clinical therapeutic effect629|599|5更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The measurement of heart rate variability(HRV)has the advantages of noninvasiveness and simple operation and is widely used in clinical trials and scientific research for assessing reactions of the autonomic nervous system.More and more studies on acupuncture also take HRV as an important index.In addition to the definition,origin,analytical methods,and significance of time domain and frequency domain parameters of HRV,we reviewed the situations of application of HRV to acupuncture research in recent years,analyzed the influence of acupuncture and sham acupuncture,different acupuncture methods,and different acupoints on HRV,and confirmed the role of HRV in reflecting the effect of acupuncture on the vagal and sympathetic systems.However,various interference factors for HRV measurement and diverse methods for data analysis may lead to great differences in the experimental results of HRV and the interpretation of parameters.Therefore,careful analysis is needed in future studies on acupuncture with HRV as an observation index.关键词：Acupuncture;Heart rate variability;Frequency domain analysis;Time domain analysis;Autonomic nervous system modulation511|528|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Insulin resistance(IR)is a common pathophysiological basis of many chronic diseases,such as obesity,type2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM),nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cerebral vascular disease,cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases,etc.Acupuncture therapy has been demonstrated to have a positive role in reducing IR level in clinical practice.In the present paper,we summarized development of researches on the mechanism of acupuncture therapy underlying improvement of IR in recent 10 years from 1)regulating expression of hypothalamic phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3 K)-p85 and PI3 K-P110 proteins in obesity rats;2)regulating the levels of some related proteins of insulin target tissues(liver and skeletal muscle),such as insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS)-1 and-2,glucose transporter mRNAs and proteins,sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP-1)and fatty acid synthetase proteins;3)suppressing inflammatory reaction of liver tissue and down-regulating serum adiponectin in T2 DM rats;4)raising the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species,and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of quadriceps femoris in spontaneous IR rats;and 5)attenuating structural injury of pancreas islet and apoptosis of pancreaticβcells in diabetes rats.Multi-levels and various systems of the neuro-endocrine-immune networks are involved in the actions of acupuncture in the improvement of IR.In the future,more attention should be paid to the study on the acupoint specificity,suitable acupoint combinations and stimulus parameters in clinical treatment of IR related various metabolic diseases,further optimizing clinical treatment protocols.关键词：Acupuncture;Insulin resistance;Metabolic diseases;Hypothalamus;Insulin targeting peripheral tissues;Review528|677|2更新时间：2023-08-11
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