最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 10 ， 2020
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on food intake, body weight, number of taste bud cells and the expression of lipid taste bud receptor(CD36), Gα-gustducin, post-synaptic density protein 95(PSD95) and neurofilament light chain(NFL) proteins in the tongue or hippocampus in obese rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying reducing body weight. Methods A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups(n=10 in each group, 5 rats for H.E. staining and immunohistochemistry, and 5 for Western blot). The obesity model was established by feeding the rats with high fat diet for 11 weeks. Following successful modeling, EA(2 Hz/15 Hz, 1.0—1.2 mA) was applied to "Tianshu"(ST25) for 30 min, once a day, 5 times/week for 5 weeks. The body length, body weight and maximum daily food consumption were recorded every day, followed by calculating the lee's index. Histopathological changes of the circumvallate papillae(CVP) and number of taste bud cells and CD36 were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry(IHC), separately. The expression levels of CD36, PSD95 and NFL proteins in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The body weight, Lee's index and daily food consumption were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.01), and were significantly lowered after EA intervention in comparison with the model group(P<0.01), suggesting an improvement of obesity. H.E. staining displayed that the CVP area and the number of taste bud cells were obviously decreased in the model group in contrast to the control group(P<0.01), and were notably increased in the EA group in contrast to the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). IHC and Western blot showed that the expression levels of CD36 in the tongue and hippocampus were obviously up-regulated in the model group relevant to the control group(P<0.01, P<0.05), and considerably down-regulated in the EA group relevant to the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression levels of Gα-gustducin in the tongue, and PSD95 and NFL in the hippocampus were remarkably decreased in the model group relevant to the control group(P<0.01, P<0.05), and significantly increased in the EA group relevant to the model group(P<0.01, P<0.05).Conclusion EA can reduce daily food consumption and body weight in obese rats, which is associated with its effects in down-regulating the expression of CD36 in taste buds and hippocampus, and up-regulating the expression of Gα-gustducin in the tongue, and PSD95 and NFL proteins in the hippocampus. It suggests that EA may regulate the feeding behavior of obese rats by influencing the cognitive memory mechanism involved in CD36 in hippocampus.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Obesity;Taste buds;Hippocampus;Lipid taste receptor;Cognitive memory519|304|0更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on learning-memory ability and expression of hippocampal inflammatory factors and microtubule-associated protein doublecortin(DCX, a marker of neuronal regeneration) in vascular dementia(VD) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of VD. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, sham operation, VD model, moxibustion and medication groups(n=15 rats in each group). The VD model was established by repeated occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and reperfusion. Moxibustion was applied to "Guanyuan"(CV4), "Mingmen"(GV4) and "Dazhui"(GV14) for 15 min, once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of Nimodipine(2 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1)) 3 times daily for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to detect the average escape latency of location navigation tasks for assessing the rats' learning-memory ability. H.E. staining was used to detect histopathological changes of the hippocampus tissue. The number of DCX-positive neurons(DCX/NeuN co-expression) in the dentate gyrus(DG) region of hippocampus was counted under microscope after immunofluorescence double staining, the immunoactivity of hippocampal DCX detected by using immunohistochemistry stain and the expression of DCX, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus tissue detected using Western blot.Results Following modeling, the average escape latency was significantly longer in the model group than in the normal control and sham operation groups(P<0.01), and notably shorter in both the moxibustion and medication groups than in the model group after the treatment(P<0.01, P<0.05). The number of DCX-positive neurons, and the expression levels of DCX, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly increased in the model group in comparison with the normal control and sham operation groups(P<0.01, P<0.05). After the interventions and in comparison with the model group, the number of DCX-positive neurons and the expression level of DCX were further up-regulated in both moxibustion and medication groups(P<0.01), while the expression levels of hippocampal TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins were considerably down-regulated in the moxibustion and medication groups(P<0.01). The effect of moxibustion was weaker than that of medication in down-regulating the expression of TNF-α,MPO, NF-κB p65, IL-6 and IL-1β, and in up-regulating DCX-positive neuron number and DCX expression(P<0.05, P<0.01). H.E. staining showed loose arrangement of neurons(with vague neuronal membrane in some cells), uneven organelle chromatin, disappearance of partial nucleolus, necrocytosis, and infiltration of small number of lymphocytes after modeling, which was relatively milder in both moxibustion and medication groups. Conclusion Moxibustion can improve learning-memory ability in VD rats, which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and up-regulating the expression of DCX to promote neuronal repair and regeneration.关键词：Moxibustion;Vascular dementia;Learning-memory ability;Inflammatory factors;Doublecortin538|712|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC), cyclic guanosine phosphate(cGMP) and protein kinase G(PKG) of cerebral vascular smooth muscle in cerebral infarction(CI) rats, so as to study its dynamic regulation mechanism. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control(n=10), sham operation(n=40), model(n=40), and EA(n=40) groups, and the latter three groups were further di-vided into 3, 6, 12 and 24 h subgroups(n=10 in each subgroup). The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery(MCAO). EA(15 Hz, 2 mA)was applied to "Shuigou"(GV26) for 20 min. The cGMP, sGC and PKG activity and expression levels in the vascular smooth muscle of cerebral artery were detected using ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Results After modeling, the immunoactivity and activities of sGC at 3 h, PKG at 3 and 6 h and cGMP from 3 h to 24 h were ob-viously decreased in the model group relevant to the normal control and sham-operation groups(P<0.05, P<0.01). After the intervention, the expression levels and activities of sGC at 3 h, PKG at 3 and 6 h and cGMP at 3 and 6 h were apparently up-regulated in the EA group relevant to the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion EA intervention can significantly inhibit the down-regulation of sGC, PKG and cGMP expression of cerebral artery smooth muscle in MCAO model rats, which plays an important role in inhibiting cerebral artery smooth muscle spasm after ischemia, maintaining normal vascular function and state, and thus increasing blood perfusion around cerebral infarction area. However, acupuncture effect has a certain time-effectiveness.关键词：Cerebral infarction;Electroacupuncture;Soluble guanylate cyclase;Cyclic guanosine phosphate;Protein kinase G;Vascular smooth muscle401|238|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on expression of autophagy related gene(Atg), serine/threonine protein kinase-uncoordinated 51 like kinase-1(ULK1), Beclin1 and microtubule associated proteins light chain 3(LC3) and ultrastructure of synovium in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of RA. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, RA model, moxibustion, cigarette-roasting and medication groups(n=8 rats in each group). The RA model was established by keeping the rats in wind, cold and wet environment for 12 h, once a day for 20 days and subcutaneous injection of Freund's adjuvant complete into the sole of the left hind paw. Moxibustion was applied to the left "Zusanli"(ST36) for 20 min, once a day for 15 days. Rats of the cigarette-roasting group was treated by ignited cigarettes instead of moxa strips. Rats of the medication group was treated by gavage of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet suspension(0.8 mg/100 g) once a day for 15 days. The rats' paw volume of the left hindlimb was measured by using a water-based paw plethysmometer. The synovial tissue of the left plantar joint was harvested at the end of experiments for observing changes of the ultrastructure with transmission electron microscope, and the expression of ULK1, Atg3, Atg5, and Atg12 mRNAs was detected with quantitative real-time PCR and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins were detected with Western blot. Results Following modeling, the paw volume of the left hindlimb was significantly increased(P<0.01), while the expression levels of Atg3, Atg5, Atg12 and ULK1 mRNAs, and LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins of the synovial tissue were notably down-regulated in the model group relevant to the normal control group(P<0.01). The increase of the paw volume in the moxibustion and medication groups and the down-regulation of synovial Atg3, Atg12 and ULK1 mRNAs in the 3 intervention groups, and Atg5 mRNA, and LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins in both moxibustion and medication groups were considerably suppressed(P<0.01, P<0.05). The therapeutic effect of moxibustion was apparently superior to that of cigarette-roasting in down-regulating the paw volume, and up-regulating the expression levels of Atg3, Atg5, Atg12 and ULK1 mRNAs, and LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins(P<0.05, P<0.01), and notably weaker than that of medication in up-regulating Atg3 and ULK1 mRNAs(P<0.01), but was comparable to that of medication in up-regulating the expression levels of Atg5 and Atg12 mRNAs, LC3-Ⅱand Beclin-1 proteins(P>0.05). Results of the ultrastructural observation showed an obvious injury of synovial cells, such as unclear and incomplete nuclear membrane, chromatin condensation, swollen mitochondria with broken crests, cavitation-like degeneration of cytoplasma, and appearance of autophagosomes and lysosomes in the model group, which was relatively milder in the 3 intervention groups. Conclusion Moxibustion can reduce the paw edema and inflammatory injury of the plantar synovial tissue in RA rats, which may be related to its effects in up-regulating Atg3, Atg5, Atg12 and ULK1 mRNAs, and LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins to enhance the cellular autophagy. The therapeutic effect of moxibustion is obviously superior to that of cigarette-roasting and medication in relieving swelling.关键词：Moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;Cigarette-roasting;Synoviocytes;Cellular autophagy;Ultrastructure;Autophagy-related molecules581|568|14更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of mild moxibustion on the expression of autophagy and apoptosis factors Beclin-1, Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in spinal cord(including nerve root tissues) of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR) rats, so as to explore the analgesic mechanism of mild moxibustion at "Dazhui"(GV14) on CSR. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, mild moxibustion group and mild moxibustion+3-methyladenine(3-MA) group, with 10 rats in each group. CSR model was established by inserting the wire into the cervical nerve root. The rats in the blank group were only fed normally without any intervention.The rats in the mild moxibustion group and mild moxibustion+3-MA group were given mild moxibustion at GV14 for 10 min each time,and intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL 0.9% normal saline and 1 mL 3-MA(15 mg/kg)separately. Rats in the model group were given 0.9% normal saline every day. All the three interventions were started from the 3 rd day after modeling for 7 days. The rat's behavioral reaction of gait was scored and the pain threshold of rat was measured with a pain analyzer; the expressions of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in the spinal cord(including nerve root) were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, separately. The autophagosome and ultrastructure of the spinal nerve root tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results After modeling, the gait score was significantly increased(P<0.01) and the pain threshold significantly decreased(P<0.01) in the model group in comparison with the blank group. There was no statistical difference in Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression between the blank and the model groups. After intervention, compared with the model group, the gait scores were significantly reduced(P<0.01), the pain threshold and the expressions of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05) in the mild moxibustion and mild moxibustion+3-MA groups. The improvement of the above indicators as more significant in the mild moxibustion group than that in the mild moxibustion+3-MA group(P<0.05). After modeling, the organelles in the spinal nerve root tissue cells of the model group were damaged and there were a small amount of autophagosomes. Compared with the model group, the ultrastructure of the spinal nerve root tissue cells in the mild moxibustion group were relatively complete, and the number of autophagosomes increased. Conclusion Mild moxibustion at GV14 has a good analgesic effect on CSR rats, which may be related to its effects in up-regulation of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expressions and activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis.关键词：Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy;Mild moxibustion;Autophagy;Beclin-1;Bcl-2516|627|5更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the influence of acupuncture on the expression of pivotal molecules of Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex of rats with depression, so as to explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture on treatment of depression. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(8 rats/group),namely control, model, acupuncture and fluoxetine groups. The depression model was established by using chronic unpredictable mild stress for 6 weeks. During modeling, acupuncture(10 min)was applied to "Baihui"(GV20) and "Yintang"(EX-HN3) for rats of the acupuncture group once a day, with 1 day interval after consecutive 6 day-period for 36 days. Fluoxetine was given(10 mg/kg,1 mg/mL) by gavage to rats of the fluoxetine group every day during modeling for 42 days. The novelty-suppressed feeding test was used to observe feeding behavior of rats. The expressions of NLRP3 and apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a CARD(ASC), Caspase-1, and contents of IL-1β in the prefrontal cortex were detected by Western blot, immunohistoche-mistry and ELISA, separately. Results Compared with the control group, the latency of the novelty-suppressed feeding, and the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β content in the prefrontal cortex of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01). Following the interventions, the latency of the noveltysuppressed feeding,and the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β content in the prefrontal cortex in the acupuncture and fluoxetine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01). There was no significant differences in the above indicators between the acupuncture group and the fluoxetine group(P>0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture could inhibit the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in the pre-frontal cortex, and reduce the inflammation in the brain, which may mediate the anti-depressant effect of acupuncture.关键词：Acupuncture;Depression;Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3);Inflammasome501|663|10更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation of "Shuigou"(GV26) and "Neiguan"(PC6) on neurological function and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in brain tissues around the intracerebral hematoma in rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), so as to explore its possible mechanisms underlying improvement of ICH. Methods Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, model, acupoint and non-acupoint(24 rats in each group). The ICH model was established by injection of the rat's autologous blood into the caudate nucleus. According to the time-points of 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after ICH, each of the 4 groups was further divided into 4 subgroups. For rats of the acupoint group, the PC6 on both sides was manually stimulated by manipulating the needle with lifting-thrusting-twisting reducing techniques, while the GV26 was stimulated with strong "sparrow-pecking" method for 10 times, then, left the needles in the acupoints for 30 min. For rats of the non-acupoint group, two non-acupoints: mid-spot below the bilateral axilla and the spot 3 mm above the left side of the coccyx tip were stimulated with the same methods to PC6 and GV26, respectively. For rats of the 6 h and 24 h subgroups, the intervention was given once after waking up from modeling, and for those of the 48 and 72 h subgroups, the intervention was conducted once a day for 2 or 3 times, respectively. The neurological severity score(NSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological function. The immunoactivity(expression) of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins of the hematoma focus of the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Following modeling, the NSS and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins in the brain tissues surrounding the hematoma at each time-points(6, 24, 48 and 72 h) after modeling were significantly increased in the model group relevant to the control group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the NSS at 72 h and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h were significantly down-regulated in the acupoint group(P<0.05) rather than in the non-acupoint group(P>0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture of GV26 and PC6 can improve the neurological function in rats with ICH, which may be related to its function in reducing the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins(apoptosis-related proteins) in the brain.关键词：Acupuncture;Shuigou(GV26);Neiguan(PC6);Acute intracerebral hemorrhage;Cell apoptosis442|331|6更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the pain behavior and prostaglandin E2(PGE2), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and substance P(SP) in the spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia(DRG) of rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA), so as to explore the mechanisms of EA underlying improvement of chronic pain in KOA rats. Methods Thirty-two female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, control group, model group and EA group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the control group were injected with 50 μL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the left knee joint cavity, and rats in the model and EA groups were injected with 50 μL of Monosodium iodoacetate in the left knee joint. EA(2 Hz/100 Hz, <2 mA) was applied to left "Yanglingquan"(GB34) and "Neixiyan"(EX-LE4) for 15 min, once daily, 5 days a course with a total of 2 courses. Paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and mechanical pain threshold(PWT) were tested by Plantar Test and Von Frey, separately. After the last pain test, the contents of PGE2, CGRP and SP in the left lumbar(L) 3—L5 DRG and L3—L5 spinal dorsal horn were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the blank group, the PWL and PWT of the rats in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01), and the contents of PGE2, CGRP and SP in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn were significantly increased(P<0.01, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in PWL, PWT, contents of PGE2, CGRP and SP in DRG and spinal dorsal horn between the blank group and the control group(P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the PWL and PWT of rats in the EA group were significantly increased(P<0.01), and the contents of PGE2, CGRP and SP in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion EA of GB34 and EX-LE4 can reduce the levels of pain-related factors PGE2, CGRP and SP in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn, thereby relieving spinal hyperalgesia in rats with KOA.关键词：Knee osteoarthritis;Electroacupuncture;Behavior;Prostaglandin E2;Calcitonin gene-related peptide;Substance P442|756|7更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To explore the efficacy difference between electroacupuncture(EA) at "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Baihui"(GV20) for inflammatory pain and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI) in rats. Methods In 1(st) part of this study, 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model(induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion), GV20 EA, ST36 EA,and sham EA groups(n=16 in each group). In the 2(st) part of this study, 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model(induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion), GV20 EA, ST36 EA,and sham EA groups(n=16 in each group). In the 2(nd) part of the study, 40 male SD rats were randomized into saline injection(control), inflammatory pain model(subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant [CFA] into the right paw), ST36 EA, GV20 EA, and sham EA groups(n=8 in each group). In these two parts, EA(2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to ST36 or GV20. The mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) were detected 2.5 h after administration of CFA by using Von Frey and plantar tester, respectively. The neurological deficit scores(NDS) were assessed by using Longa's method and the infarct size of the brain assessed after staining with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC). The expression of c-fos protein in the dorsal horns(DHs) of the spinal cord was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results(1) Twenty-four hours following CIRI, the NDS and infarct volume were significantly increased in the model group compared with the sham-operation group(P<0.01), and obviously decreased in the GV20 EA and ST36 EA groups relevant to the CIRI model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two EA groups in the NDS and infarct volume levels(P>0.05).(2) After administration of CFA, both the MPT and TPT were notably decreased in the inflammatory pain model group in contrast to the saline-injection group(P<0.01), but were considerably increased in both ST36 EA and GV20 EA groups(P<0.05), rather than in the sham EA group(P>0.05). The number of c-fos positive cells was significantly increased in the medial half of I—II and III—IV lamina of DHs in the L4—L6 segments of spinal cord in the inflammatory pain model group relevant to the saline-injection group(P<0.01,P<0.05), and was remarkably decreased in the lamina I—II(not in the deeper lamina) in both ST36 EA and GV20 EA groups(P<0.01), rather than in the sham EA group(P>0.05). No significant differences were found in the number of c-fos positive cells between the ST36 EA and GV20 EA groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Our data do not support the specificity of functions at least between GV20 EA and ST36 EA in both CIRI and inflammatory pain model rats. This is the first study reporting the effect of EA at GV20 for relieving CFA-induced inflammatory pain.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion;Inflammatory pain;Acupoint specificity453|412|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the plasticity between hand and face representations of the motor cortex of healthy volunteers after electroacupuncture(EA) at Hegu(LI4), so as to provide a scientific basis for the theory of "Hegu is indicated for orofacial problems". Methods Using a cross-over design(self-controlled study), 10 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group and a sham acupuncture group(two-weeks wash-out period between the two groups). Subjects in the acupuncture group received EA stimulation(2 Hz, 0.5 to 1 mA, 30 min) at LI4 on their left hands. Adhesive pads sticked on the left hands of subject in the sham acupuncture group, thus, the placebo needle provided participants with a similar appearance to that in the acupuncture group but no skin penetration, and the placebo needles were connected to an EA device with a broken wire inside. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation technology, the motor evoked potentials(MEPs) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the orbicularis oculi muscle in hand and face representations in the contralateral motor cortex were recorded before and after EA and sham EA, and the total amplitude, effective stimulation area and center of gravity of MEPs were calculated. Results Compared with that before intervention, for acupuncture group, the total amplitude of MEPs in hand representation in the contrala-teral motor cortex was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the total amplitude of MEPs in face representation was significantly decreased(P<0.05). The effective stimulation area in hand representation was significantly increased(P<0.01), and there was no difference in face representation(P>0.05). The difference in the center of gravity of the X-axis in hand representation was statistically significant(P<0.05),with the center of gravity moved an average of 0.6 cm to the outside, and there was no difference in face representation(P>0.05). There was no difference in the center of gravity of the Y-axis in hand and face representations(P>0.05). For sham acupuncture group, there were no differences in total amplitude of MEPs, effective stimulation area and the center of gravity in hand and face representations(P>0.05). Conclusion EA at LI4 can induce plasticity between the hand and face representations of the motor cortex in healthy volunteers(exciting the hand representation of the motor cortex, while inhibiting the motor cortex representation), which provides a scientific basis for treating facial and mouth diseases by acupuncture at LI4 and the theory of selecting acupoints of the corresponding meridian distal to the disease location.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Healthy subjects;Brain plasticity;Transcranial magnetic stimulation;Hegu(LI4)459|341|3更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：According to the operative characteristics, the stimulated site and the curative effect-emerged site of bloodletting therapy, its clinical characteristics may be divided into three categories: a) local stimulation induced focus-local effect, b) local stimulation induced effect of the distal target organ(point-to-point distal effect), and c) special point stimulation induced broader effect of the whole body. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms of clinical outcomes mainly involve the improvement of the local microcirculation and secondary changes of inflammatory substances for the first category(local focus). The point-to-point distal effect might mainly involve the innervation of nerve segments, while the broad effect of specific acupoint stimulation might involve multiple levels of the neuro-endocrine-immune system. The future research on the mechanisms of bloodletting should starts from its specific effects and the type of disease, which should not be generalized.关键词：Bloodletting therapy;Clinical effect characteristics;Mechanisms;Research thoughts444|1225|6更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and possible efficacy mechanisms of Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis(CAS). Methods A total of 100 patients with CAS were randomly divided into Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group(n=51) and control group(n=49). The patients in the Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group were treated by herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion [applied on Governor Vessel from Dazhui(GV14) to Yaoshu(GV2)], once a week, for 8 weeks. Patients in the control group received oral administration of atorvastatin calcium tablets(10 mg) once daily for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, the patients' constitution quantized score, body mass index(BMI), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) and laboratory indicators [including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), homocysteine(Hcy), fibrinogen(Fbg), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)] were observed, and their clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results After the treatment, the constitution score and BMI were significantly reduced, and the IMT, TC, TG, LDL, Fbg and hs-CRP decreased significantly in the patients of the two groups as compared with those before treatment(P<0.05); and the constitution score and BMI were obviously lower in the Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group than in the control group(P<0.05). In the Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group, the effective rate of constitution score was 88.2%(45/51), the effective rate of weight loss was 54.9%(28/51), while the control group was 61.2%(30/49) and 34.7%(17/49) respectively, those in the Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). Regarding to the CAS clinical effect, the effective rate was 80.4%(41/51) in the Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy group, and it was 73.5%(36/49) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the CAS effective rate(P>0.05). Conclusion The Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy can effectively treat CAS, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of risk factors such as high level of TC, TG, LDL, Fbg, and hs-CRP.关键词：Governor Vessel moxibustion therapy;Carotid atherosclerosis;Clinical efficacy;Efficacy mechanism481|426|5更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture(EA) at Neimadian-point for cancer pain. Methods A total of 140 cancer patients with pain were randomly divided into EA and control groups, with 70 cases in each group. The patients of the EA group received EA at Neimadian-point plus analgesia pump(all prepared with normal saline). The patients of the control group were treated by Sufentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia plus sham EA(without stimulation). The treatment was conducted once daily for two days at 8 o'clock every morning. Respectively, in 1 h before treatment(T0), 1 h(T1), 8 h(T2), 24 h(T3) after treatment of the first day, 1 h(T4), 8 h(T5), 24 h(T6) after treatment of the second day, the visual analogue scale(VAS) score of pain, and the plasma levels of norepinephrine, 5-HT, leucine enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A1-13 were tested. The security level(1—4 grade) was assessed during the treatment. Results Compared with their own pre-treatment, in T1 to T6, the VAS scores, and the contents of plasma norepinephrine and 5-HT obviously decreased in both groups(P<0.05), and the contents of leucine enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A1-13 all increased(P<0.05) in the EA group. The analgesia effects were significantly higher in the EA group than in the control group in T1, T2, T4 and T5(P<0.05,P<0.01). The therapeutic effect of EA at Neimadian-point was significantly superior to that of the Sufentanil in down-regulating plasma norepinephrine and 5-HT levels, and in up-regulating leucine enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A1-13 levels(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion EA at Neimadian-point can effectively relieve the pain of cancer patients and improve their quality of daily life.关键词：Eletroacupuncture;Neimadian-point;Analgesia;Cancer;Pain444|438|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of moxibustion therapy based on Sancai theory for reinforcing intelligence in the early intervention of mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods A total of 210 patients with MCI were divided into moxibustion group and medication group using a random number table, with 105 patients in each group. The patients in the moxibustion group were given moxibustion at Baihui(GV20), Shenque(CV8), and Yongquan(KI1) once every other day, 20 minutes each time, for a total of 8 weeks, and those in the medication group were given oral Nimodipine 30 mg once a day for 8 weeks. Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) score, score of meaningless graphics recognition of Clinical Memory Scale(CMS), and event-related potential P300 latency were evaluated before treatment, after 8 weeks of treatment, and at 12 weeks after treatment, and the safety of treatment was analyzed for both groups. Results Both groups had significant increases in MMSE score and the score of meaningless graphics recognition of CMS and a significant reduction in P300 latency after treatment and during follow-up(P<0.01,P<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the moxibustion group had a significant increase in MMSE score and a significant reduction in P300 latency after treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion therapy based on Sancai theory for reinforcing intelligence can improve cognitive impairment in patients with MCI and is thus an effective intervention method for improving the cognitive function of patients with MCI.关键词：Mild cognitive impairment;Sancai theory for reinforcing intelligence;Moxibustion therapy;Mini-Mental State Examination;Event-related potential P300432|527|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：The implementation of acupuncture and moxibustion refers to acupuncture or moxa burning at the selected sites on the surface of the body, and such sites have different natures and belong to different categories. The current theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion only contains the category of "acupoints" and their classification and does not cover all related concepts, which has an adverse effect on the inheritance, application, and research of acupuncture and moxibustion. Based on a deeper analysis of related theories, this article analyzes the nature and features of different sites for acupuncture and moxibustion on the surface of the body and proposes a frame for the classification of acupuncture treatment sites, hoping to constantly improve the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion and give full play to its role.关键词：Acupuncture treatment site;Acupoint;Theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion;Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon;Official Needles427|465|9更新时间：2023-08-10
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