最新刊期
卷 46 ， 期 10 ， 2021
- 摘要：The “meridian theory” is the summary and sublimation of long-term medical practice of the Chinese ancient sages. Via reduction and reconstruction about the theoretical system, it has been put forward a doctrine of “binary structure” about the meridian and acupoints which, at the limbs, present a longitudinal arrangement, and those at the head-face and trunk present a horizontal distribution, being closely related to the “dematome” of the body. Centered on the ontogenesis of the embryonic “somite”, a closely connected “structure-function unit” complex is formed with the development of the dermis-muscle-ogran-nerve within the homo-segment. This form constitutes the basic characteristics of pathological reaction rules and therapeutic effects of meridian acupoints.关键词：Meridian;Acupoint;Somite;Dermatome;Segmental innervation17|1104|11更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of refined moxibustion on expression of gastric mucosal epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and changes of metabolite profiles in gastric ulcer(GU) rats, so as to analyze its mechanism underlying improvement of GU. Methods Male SD rats were randomized into control, model, acupoint moxibustion groups(n=6 per group). The GU model was induced by cold-restraint stress. The ignited refined moxa was applied to bilateral “Liangmen”(ST21) and “Zusanli”(ST36) for 3 cones/acupoint, once daily for 7 days. Then, we employed 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach to analyze the metabolic profiles of serum and stomach tissue samples. The conventional histopathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed by H.E. stain and the expressions of EGFR and VEGF in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to the control group, the expression levels of EGFR and VEGF were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01,P<0.05), and further notably up-regulated in the acupoint moxibustion group(P<0.001, P<0.01). Results of H.E. staining showed damage of the folds of gastric mucosa, disordered arrangement of the glands, infiltration of inflammatory cells and unclear structure of gastric mucosa in the model group, which was relatively milder in the acupoint moxibustion group. 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach to analyze the metabolic profiles of serum and stomach tissue samples. The conventional histopathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed by H.E. stain and the expressions of EGFR and VEGF in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to the control group, the expression levels of EGFR and VEGF were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01,P<0.05), and further notably up-regulated in the acupoint moxibustion group(P<0.001, P<0.01). Results of H.E. staining showed damage of the folds of gastric mucosa, disordered arrangement of the glands, infiltration of inflammatory cells and unclear structure of gastric mucosa in the model group, which was relatively milder in the acupoint moxibustion group. 1H-NMR technical analysis showed that in comparison with the control group, 11 and 11 metabolites in the stomach extract and plasma were increased, 10 in the gastric tissue and 3 in the plasma were decreased in the GU model group; while in comparison with the model group, 17 differently expressed metabolites in the gastric extract and 10 metabolites in the plasma restored to their levels of control group after the acupoint moxibustion intervention. These metabolites participate in 12 metabolic pathways including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycine metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, glyoxylic acid and digarboxylic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and the mutual conversion of pentose and glucuronate, suggesting their involvement in moxibustion-induced improvement of GU. Conclusion Refined moxibustion at ST21 and ST36 can up-regulate the expression of EGFR and VEGF in the gastric mucosa and lessen gastric mucosal injury, which may be related to its effects in reducing GU-induced metabolic disorders, including sugar, purine, amino acid, and phospholipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system.关键词：Gastric ulcer;Refined moxibustion;Epidermal growth factor receptor;Vascular endothelial growth factor;Metabolic pathways16|632|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) combined with Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion on silent information regulator-1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) signal pathway and inflammatory factor expression in gastric antrum tissue of diabetic gastroparesis(DGP) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of DGP.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, medication, EA, Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion(moxibustion) and EA+moxibustion groups(n=12 per group). The DGP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ). Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of 0.15 mg/mL mosapride citrate suspension. EA(10 Hz/50 Hz, 2 mA) or moxibustion(3 cones) or EA+moxibustion was applied to “Zhongwan”(CV12), bilateral “Neiguan”(PC6) and bilateral “Sanyinjiao”(SP6) of the related group for 20 min, once a day for 3 weeks. Blood glucose, gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were measured. The levels of serum interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected by ELISA; the phosphorylation level of the phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα inhibitor(pIκ-Bα), the protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and SIRT1 in the gastric antrum tissue were detected by Western blot and real-time quantifitative PCR, respectively. Results(1) Compared with the normal group, the levels of blood glucose, serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and gastric pIκ-Bα and NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA expressions were significantly increased(P<0.01), and the gastric emptying rate, intestinal propulsion rate, serum IL-10 level, and SIRT1 protein and mRNA expressions were considerably decreased in the model group(P<0.01).(2) In contrast to the model group, the blood glucose in the EA, moxibustion and EA+moxibustion groups, serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in the 4 treatment groups, as well as NF-κB p65 protein expression in the medication and EA+moxibustion groups, and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression and pIκ-Bα protein and mRNA expression in the 4 treatment groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05); while the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsive rate and IL-10 content in the 4 treatment groups, and SIRT1 protein and mRNA expression in the medication and EA+moxibustion groups were obviously increased(P<0.05, P<0.01).(3) The effects of EA+moxibustion were significantly superior to those of simple EA and moxibustion in increasing gastric emptying rate, IL-10, SIRT1 protein expression(P<0.05, P<0.01), and in lowering IL-8 and TNF-α contents, pIκ-Bα protein and mRNA expression and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression(P<0.05, P<0.01). No significant differences were found among the 4 intervention groups in promoting the intestinal propulsive rate and among the EA, moxibustion and EA+moxibustion groups in lowering blood glucose(P>0.05). Conclusion EA combined with Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion can effectively reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors and regulate SIRT1/NF-κB signal pathway in DGP rats, which may contribute to its function in improving gastrointestinal movement.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Zhuang-medicine-thread moxibustion;Diabetic gastroparesis;Gastrointestinal movement;Inflammatory factors;Gastric SIRT1/NF-κB signaling16|525|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of different acupoint combinations on lipid metabolism and liver Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) signaling in obese rats, so as to explore the specificity of regulatory effects of different acupoints for obesity.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, hindlimb acupoint EA [“Fenglong”(ST40)-“Zusanli”(ST36), hindlimb EA], abdominal acupoint EA [(“Zhongwan”(CV12)-“Tianshu”(ST25), “Guanyuan”(CV4)-the opposite ST25, abdominal EA], BiaoBen-acupoint EA [ST40-ST36, CV12-CV4, ST25, BiaoBen EA] groups, with 10 rats in each group. The obesity model was induced by feeding the rats with high fat diet. EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to the acupoint groups mentioned above for 10 min(per acupoint group), 3 times a week for 8 weeks. After the treatment, the body weight and food intake in each group were recorded. The contents of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA) were detected by using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNAs and proteins in the liver tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, separately. Results Compared with the normal group, the body weight and food intake, serum TC, TG and NEFA contents, hepatic TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein and gene expression were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). After the treatment, compared with the model group, the body weight, food intake, TC, TG, NEFA, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased in the hindlimb EA, abdominal EA and BiaoBen EA groups(P<0.05, P<0.01). Comparison among the 3 treatment groups showed that the serum TC, TG and NEFA contents were significantly lower in the hindlimb EA and BiaoBen EA groups than in the abdominal EA group(P<0.01,P<0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNAs and proteins were significantly lower in the BiaoBen EA group than in the hindlimb EA and abdominal EA groups(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion BiaoBen EA is superior to abdominal EA in improving lipid metabolism in obesity rats, which may be related to its stronger effectiveness in down-regulating hepatic TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Acupoint combination;Obesity;Liver;Toll-like receptor 4;Nuclear factor kappa B16|675|3更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving cognitive ability by regulating hippocampal phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway in vascular dementia(VD) rats.Methods A total of 80 male SD rats were randomized into sham operation, model, non-acupoint and acupoint groups(n=18 per group). The VD model was established by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries. For rats of the acupoint group, “Baihui”(GV20) and bilateral “Zusanli ”(ST36) were needled and stimulated by twirling the needles with reinforcing method, and for rats of the non-acupoint group, the bilateral subcostal spots(about 10 mm superior to the iliac cresta) were needled and stimulated by twirling the needles with uniform reinforcing and reducing method. The treatment was conducted once daily, 6 times a week for two weeks, beginning 3 days after successful modeling. Rats of the sham operation group and model group received grasps as those in the acupoint groups. Morris water maze test was used to detect the abilities of learning and spatial memory. The contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and acetylcholine transferase(ChAT) in the hippocampus tissue were detected by using ELISA, changes of hippocampal mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) detected using JC-1 fluorescence probe, and the expression levels of hippocampal phosphorylated(p)-PI3 K, p-Akt and mTOR proteins measured using Western blot. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the escape latency, contents of ROS and MDA, and AChE activity were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the spatial memory ability, SOD activity, ChAT activity, MMP, p-PI3 K, p-Akt and mTOR expression levels were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, carotid artery ligature-induced increase of the escape latency, contents of ROS and MDA, and AChE activity, and decrease of the spatial memory ability, SOD activity, ChAT activity, MMP, p-PI3 K, p-Akt and mTOR expression levels were significantly reversed in the acupuncture group(P< 0.05), but not in the non-acupoint group(P>0.05). The therapeutic effects of acupoint needling were obviously superior to those of non-acupoint needling in decreasing the escape latency, contents of ROS and MDA, and AChE activity(P<0.05), and in increasing the spatial memory ability, SOD activity, ChAT activity, MMP, p-PI3 K, p-Akt and mTOR expre-ssion levels(P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture can improve cognitive function of VD rats, which may be related with its functions in easing oxidative stress and MMP reduction by activating PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus.关键词：Acupuncture;Vascular dementia;Cognitive function;Hippocampus;Oxidative stress;Mitochondrial membrane potential;PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway16|1158|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of long-term inhalation of moxa-smoke on olfactory epithelial cells in rats, in order to explore the safety of moxa-smoke inhalation(MSI). Methods A total of 32 SD rats(half male and half female) were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal, low concentration(LCMSI), medium concentration(MCMSI) and high concentration(HCMSI), with 8 rats in each group. Rats of the LCMSI, MCMSI and HCMSI groups were put into closed boxes which were filled with ignited moxa stick-released smoke at concentrations of(0.11±0.05)mg/m3,(0.23±0.05) mg/m3,(0.23±0.05) mg/m3and(0.53±0.05)mg/m3and(0.53±0.05)mg/m3, respectively. The treatment was given 4 h each time, twice a day for 90 days. Rats of the normal group were fed routinely. The rats' general state and behavior(including fur appearance, activities in cage, response to external stimuli, spirit, stool, diet and water drinking) were recorded, and the olfactory function was assessed by using latency of finding the buried food pellet(BFP) test. The number of apoptotic olfactory epithelial cells was counted after terminal labeling(TUNEL), and the proliferation of basal cells of the nasal mucosa was detected by BrdU incorporation immunohistochemical technique. Results The latency of BFP was significantly longer in the MCMSI and HCMSI groups than in the normal and LCMSI groups(P<0.01), and had no significant differences between the LCMSI and normal groups, and between the MCMSI and HCMSI groups(P>0.05). The numbers of the apoptotic olfactory epithelial cells and proliferative basal cell in the nasal mucus tissue were markedly more in the LCMSI, MCMSI and HCMSI groups than in the normal group(P<0.01, P<0.05), and obviously more in the MCMSI and HCMSI groups than in the LMCMSI group(P<0.01), and apparently more in the HCMSI group than in the MCMSI group(P<0.01). The general state observation showed that in the first 45 days, only yellowish fur and water intake increase were seen in rats of the 3 moxa smoke inhalation groups, while no obvious changes in rats of the LCMSI group, and decrease in activities, being sensitive to external stimulation and fiddle-footed, and lower spirit in rats of the MCMSI and HCMSI groups in comparison with rats of the normal group after 90 day's MSI. Conclusion Long-term inhalation of medium and high concentrations of moxa smoke may cause a reduction of the olfactory sensitivity and an increase of apoptosis of olfactory epithelial cells and proliferation of basal cells.关键词：Moxibustion;Moxa smoke;Olfactory function;Olfactory cell apoptosis;Cell proliferation;Safety19|491|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of Lingnan fire needling combined with artificial tears in the treatment of xerophthalmia. Methods A total of 86 xerophthalmia patients were equally and randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The patients of both groups were received treatment with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops in their eyes 3 times a day, one drop in each eye. In addition, the patients of treatment group also treated by Lingnan fire needling on bilateral Shaoze(SI1), Neichengqi and beside lacrimal puncta once a week. The treatment was conducted for 4 consecutive weeks. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular symptom score, OSDI score, fluorescence staining(FL) score, schemer I, tear menisci height, tear film break-up time(BUT) and eye redness index were recorded and evaluated. Results After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the symptom score, OSDI score, FL score and eye redness index were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and BUT was notably increased in both groups(P<0.05) in comparison with their own pre-treatment. The tear menisci height in the treatment group was higher than that before the treatment(P<0.05). Comparison between the two groups showed that the symptom score, OSDI score and eye redness index were obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the BUT and tear menisci height were evidently higher(P<0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.88%(73/86), better than 76.74%(66/86) of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Lingnan fire needling combined with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops is more effective than simple sodium hyaluronate eye drops for xerophthalmia patients, with significant curative effect and no adverse reactions.关键词：Lingnan fire needling;Sodium hyaluronate eye drops;Xerophthalmia;Randomized controlled trial16|545|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To explore the neuromechanism of trans-auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) for treatment-resistant depression(TRD) based on functional brain network. Methods Twenty-eight patients with TRD were recruited from the psychiatric clinic or by the advertisement. The patients were treated by taVNS(5 Hz/20 Hz, 4-8 mA) at the auricular concha for 30 min, twice daily for 8 weeks. The symptom severity was assessed by 17-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17, ranging from 0 to 54 points, higher score indicates more severe conditions). Resting state fMRI data of the brain were collected to analyze changes of the regional homogeneity(ReHo), amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF) and resting state functional connectivity(rs-FC) before and after 8 weeks' taVNS by using DPARSF toolkit and the correlation between the rs-FC and clinical scale score was analyzed to assess the related brain mechanisms. Results Twenty-four patients finished the clinical study, and 23 patients finished the fMRI tests. After the treatment, the average score of HAMD-17 was significantly decreased(P<0.01), with the reduction rate being 66.95%; the ALFF and ReHo values of the right insula and putamen, the ReHo values of the right caudate nucleus and thalamus, as well as the rs-FC values of the right insula, left superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus were all significantly decreased(P<0.05). The reduced ReHo value in the right insular lobe was negatively correlated with the HAMD score reduction(P=0.001, r=-0.633). The rs-FC values of the right insula lobe and the left superior frontal gyrus were significantly negatively correlated with the reduced HAMD score(P=0.012, r=-0.512). Conclusion TaVNS significantly relieves the symptoms of TRD patients, which may be related to its functions in regulating functional changes of the right insular and the left frontal gyrus network, and the limbic area and basal ganglia.关键词：Trans-auricular point vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS);Treatment-resistant depression;Resting-state functional MRI;Basal ganglia;Insular-prefrontal functional network17|816|8更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the clinical effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao needling combined with respiratory training on swallowing function, quality of life and throat surface muscle function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Methods A total of 124 patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 62 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional western medication treatment, respiratory training was applied in the control group, once daily, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. On the base of the treatment as the control group, Xingnao Kaiqiao needling was applied at Neiguan(PC6), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Fengchi(GB20), Wangu(GB12), Yifeng(SJ17), posterior pharyngeal wall, Shuigou(GV26) and Lianquan(CV23) in the observation group, once daily, 6 times a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test(KWST) scale, swallowing function, swallowing-quality of life(SWAL-QOL) scale, maximum amplitude of pharyngeal surface electromyography(sEMG), and complications of dysphagia were observed and recorded. Results After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the KWST and swallowing function scores were significantly decreased(P<0.05), the SWAL-QOL score and sEMG were notably increased in both groups(P<0.05) in comparison with their own pre-treatment. The KWST and swallowing function scores were obviously lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the SWAL-QOL score and sEMG were evidently higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.16%(59/62), which was higher than 80.65%(50/62) of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of dysphagia complications in the observation group was 24.19%(15/62), which was lower than 50.00%(31/62) of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Xingnao Kaiqiao needling combined with respiratory training in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia can increase the activity of throat muscles, promote the swallowing function, improve the quality of life, and reduce the incidence of dysphagia related complications.关键词：Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture;Respiratory training;Post-stroke dysphagia;Life quality;Complications of dysphagia15|869|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of auriculotherapy with miniature bian needle on anxious emotion, the condition of angina pectoris attack and sleep quality in the patients with anxiety after percutaneous coronary intervention(post-PCI). Methods A total of 74 eligible patients of post-PCI combined with anxious depression were randomized into an auriculotherapy group(37 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a control group(37 cases, 3 cases dropped out). In the auriculotherapy group, on the base of the conventional secondary prevention medication for coronary heart disease(CHD), auriculotherapy with miniature bian needle was supplemented. In the control group, a proper physical exercise was combined on the base of the secondary prevention medication for CHD. The duration of treatment was 4 weeks in two groups. Separately, the score of Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA), the score Seattle angina questionnaire(SAQ) and the score of Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) were assessed in the patients of the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the score of HAMA, the score of each item of SAQ and PSQI score were all improved significantly as compared with those before treatment respectively in both the auriculotherapy group and the control group(P<0.001, P<0.05). After treatment, HAMA score, PSQI score and the scores of physical limitation(PL), anginal stability(AS), anginal frequency(AF) and treatment satisfaction(TS) in SAQ in the auriculotherapy group were all better than those in the control group(P<0.001, P<0.05). The total effective rate was 91.43%(32/35) in the auriculotherapy group, obviously higher than 58.82%(20/34) in the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion Auriculotherapy with miniature bian needle effectively relieves anxious emotions and the condition of angina pectrois attack and improves sleep quality in the post-PCI patients with anxiety.关键词：Post-PCI of coronary heart disease surgery;Anxiety;Auriculotherapy with miniature bian needle18|427|0更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：In recent years, many studies have confirmed the positive effect of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), and a lot of researches have been made to explore its neurobiological mechanisms. The neurobiological mechanisms include two aspects 1) remission of visceral hypersensitivity via peripheral and central pathways(spinal cord and brain), and 2) improvement of intestinal motility via vagus nerve and enteric nervous system(ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)-smooth muscle cells(ENS-ICC-SMC) network, and 5-HT, vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), neuropeptide Y, etc.. At the same time, we also discussed the existing problems in the research of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion for IBS. The existing problems in this field mainly include 1) fragmentization or lack of integrity in researches, and 2) limitation of the reductionism method. For this reason, we should draw lessons from the research methods of systematic science to study the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS, including the detailed links of peripheral and central nervous transmission of acupoint stimulation signals, and the interactive action modes(two-way benign regulation, multi-target regulation, saturation regulation, etc.).关键词：Irritable bowel syndrome;Acupuncture;Moxibustion;Visceral hypersensitivity;Intestinal motility;Neurobiological mechanism;Systematic science27|1840|6更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：In this paper, the articles of auricular acupuncture in recent 20 years are sorted out and analyzed, and the theory and mechanism of auricular acupuncture in different schools are summarized and compared. Eight theories are included totally, i.e. meridian-collateral theory and zangfu theory of classic TCM, as well as neurodoctrine, neurohumoral theory, embryology theory, holography theory, biological cybernetics and chronobiology theory in modern times. Each of them has its own rationality.Hereafter, through more rigour scientific deign and in accordance with clinical and experimental studies, auricular acupuncture theory should be explored more scientifically and universally so as to provide the theoretic guidance and evidences for clinical treatment with auricular acupuncture, and then to improve the clinical therapeutic effect and promote the application of auricular acupuncture.关键词：Auricular acupuncture;Theories;Effect mechanism;Comparative study22|2032|6更新时间：2023-08-10
- Postal code：100700
- Tel：010-64089344,84014607 Email：zcyjbjb@vip.163.com
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备05017590号-8
京公网安备11010802020460号 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0