最新刊期
卷 46 ， 期 7 ， 2021
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at “Zusanli”(ST36), “Yinlingquan”(SP9) or “Yingu”(KI10) on the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 7 receptor(5-HT7 R) in the gastric antrum and colon tissues in functional diarrhea(FD) model rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improving FD. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, ST36, SP9 and KI10 groups, with 8 rats in each group. The FD model was established by combined administration of restriction(four-limbs' banding) + abdominal cold stimulation + feeding every other day, for 14 days. EA(2 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 or bilateral SP9 or bilateral KI10 in the 3 corresponding groups for 30 min, once a day for 7 days after successful modeling. Rats of the control group received restriction only. The fecal water content was calculated and the stool form score was given according to the Bristol's methods. The gastric residual rate(GRR) and small intestine propulsion rate(SIPR) were determined to assess the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemical and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT7 R protein and mRNA of the gastric antrum and colon tissues, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the fecal water content, the stool form score, the SIPR and the expression levels of 5-HT7 R protein and 5-HT7 R mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05) and the GRR was considerably decreased in the model group(P<0.01). The fecal water content, stool form score and SIPR, and expression level of 5-HT7 R protein and mRNA in the gastric antrum and colon were significantly lower in both the ST36 and SP9 groups(not in the KI10 group) than in the model group(P<0.01, P<0.05), but the GRR was significantly higher in the ST36 and SP9 groups(not in the KI10 group) than in the model group(P<0.01). The effects of both ST36 and SP9 were significantly superior to those of KI10 in improving all the indexes mentioned above(except SIPR and the mRNA level of 5-HT7 R in the colon in SP9 group)(P<0.01, P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the ST36 and SP9 groups in lowering the levels of fecal water content, stool form score, SIPR, and the expression of 5-HT7 R protein and mRNA, as well as in up-regulating GRR(P>0.05). Conclusion EA of ST36 and SP9 can improve the motility of gastrointestinal tract in FD rats, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating the expression of 5-HT7 R protein and mRNA in gastric antrum and colon tissues. The effects of ST36 and SP9 were obviously better than those of KI10 in ameliorating the gastric and intestinal motility(except GRR) and in lowering the expression of 5-HT7 R protein and mRNA.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Functional diarrhea;Zusanli(ST36);Yinlingquan(SP9);5-hydroxytryptamine type 7 receptor;Gastrointestinal motility35|540|5更新时间：2023-08-11
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Changes of histology and ultrastructure of otopoint “Stomach” area in rabbits with chronic gastritis
摘要：Objective To observe the histological and ultrastructural changes of the otopoint “Stomach”(MA-IC) area in chronic gastritis rabbits so as to provide a foundation for auricular acupoint diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 20 New Zealand rabbits(half male and half female) were randomly and equally divided into control and model groups. The chronic gastritis model was established by gavage of 5% sodium salicylate each day for 5 weeks, while the rabbits of the control group received gavage of clear water at the same volume. Morphological changes of the tissues of gastric mucosa, otopoint “Stomach” and auricular control point were observed under light microscope after staining with hematoxylin-eosin(H.E.), and given scores(0-3 points) according to the levels of inflammatory cells. The ultrastructural changes of the otopoint “Stomach” tissue were observed under transmission electronic microscope(TEM). Results H.E. staining revealed smoothness of the gastric smooth muscle with no or a few of inflammatory cells in the control group, and appearance of gastric mucosal hemorrhage and erosion, slightly disordered epithelial glands and infiltration of a large number of lymphocytes in the mucosal layer with some clustered lymphocyte aggregation foci in the model group. The pathological score of gastric mucous in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01). Under light microscope, no obvious changes were observed in the skin of the otopoint “Stomach” of the control group and the control point of the model group, whereas hyperplasia and abscission in the epidermic cuticle and spinous layer and basal layer, dermal tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the otopoint “Stomach” of the model group. Results of TEM observation showed no significant changes in the ultrastructure of the otopoint “Stomach” in the control group, and swollen and vacuolated epidermal keratinocyte mitochondria, reduced keratin filament aggregation, widened local cell space, unclear desmosome structure, activation of the dermal fibroblasts, and an increase of the myelinated nerve mitochondria in the “Stomach” region in the model group. Conclusion The otopoint “Stomach” tissue has structural damage and hyperplasia in chronic gastritis rabbits, suggesting a special correlation between the otopoint “Stomach” and gastric tissue, hence, providing a morphological basis for otopoint diagnosis and treatment.关键词：Auricular point(Otopoint);Chronic gastritis;Ultrastructure;Histology;Otopoint diagnosis and treatment30|220|0更新时间：2023-08-11 - 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on pain behaviors and expression of spinal dorsal horn melatonin receptor 2(MT2) and interleukin-17(IL-17) in neuropathic pain rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying pain relief. Methods The present study includes 3 parts. In the first part, eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation, model and EA groups, with 6 rats in each group. The neuropathic pain model was established by chronic constriction injury(CCI) of the right sciatic nerve. On the 7(th) day following modeling, EA was applied to the right “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Sanyinjiao”(SP6)(1 mA,2 Hz/100 Hz) for 30 min. The mechanical pain threshold(MWT) and thermal pain thre-shold(TPT) of the affected limb were detected before modeling, 7 days following modeling and 60 min after EA. The expression of MT2 in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot. The contents of melatonin(Mel) and IL-17 in the spinal dorsal horn were determined by ELISA. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) in the spinal dorsal horn was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. In the second part, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups: sham operation, model, EA, MT2 antagonist(4-P-PDOT), and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) groups, with 6 rats in each group. Rats of the 4-P-PDOT and DMSO groups were intrathecal injection with 10 μL MT2 antagonist 4-P-PDOT(100 μg) and equivalent DMSO 30 min before EA. The MWT and TPT of affected limb were detected. The GFAP expression and IL-17 content in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. In the third part, 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation, model, EA, recombinant IL-17, and normal saline groups, with 6 rats in each group. The recombinant IL-17 protein(100 ng, 10 μL) and the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution were intrathecal injection into the rats of the recombinant IL-17 group and the normal saline group 30 min before the EA. The MWT and TPT of affected limb were measured. Results On the 7(th) day following modeling, EA was applied to the right “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Sanyinjiao”(SP6)(1 mA,2 Hz/100 Hz) for 30 min. The mechanical pain threshold(MWT) and thermal pain thre-shold(TPT) of the affected limb were detected before modeling, 7 days following modeling and 60 min after EA. The expression of MT2 in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot. The contents of melatonin(Mel) and IL-17 in the spinal dorsal horn were determined by ELISA. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) in the spinal dorsal horn was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. In the second part, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups: sham operation, model, EA, MT2 antagonist(4-P-PDOT), and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) groups, with 6 rats in each group. Rats of the 4-P-PDOT and DMSO groups were intrathecal injection with 10 μL MT2 antagonist 4-P-PDOT(100 μg) and equivalent DMSO 30 min before EA. The MWT and TPT of affected limb were detected. The GFAP expression and IL-17 content in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. In the third part, 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation, model, EA, recombinant IL-17, and normal saline groups, with 6 rats in each group. The recombinant IL-17 protein(100 ng, 10 μL) and the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution were intrathecal injection into the rats of the recombinant IL-17 group and the normal saline group 30 min before the EA. The MWT and TPT of affected limb were measured. Results On the 7(th) day after modeling, the MWT of rats in the model group and the EA group were significantly higher, while TPT were lower than those before the modeling(P<0.05). At 60 min after EA, compared with the model group, the MWT and TPT of the EA group reversed significantly(P<0.05). The levels of GFAP and IL-17 were significantly increased, while the levels of Mel and MT2 were significantly decreased in the model group than in the sham operation group(P<0.05), and those were considerably reversed in the EA group than in the model group(P<0.05). Compared with the EA and DMSO groups, the MWT in the 4-P-PDOT group were significantly increased, while TPT were decreased(P<0.05), and the contents of GFAP and IL-17 were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared to the EA and normal saline groups, MWT of the rats in the recombinant IL-17 group were significantly increased, while TPT decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion EA of ST36 and SP6 can alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats, which is closely related to its effect in inhibiting the release of IL-17 from astrocytes mediated by MT2.关键词：Neuropathic pain;Electroacupuncture;Melatonin receptor 2;Astrocytes;Interleukin-1732|462|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the influence of electroacupuncture(EA) combined with aconitine on the hemodyna-mics, echocardiogram, and arrhythmias in heart failure rats, so as to explore the facilitation and attenuation effects of EA combined with aconitine. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, aconitine and aconitine+EA groups, with 6 rats in each group. Propranolol hydrochloride was used to establish the heart failure model. Rats in the aconitine group were trea-ted with aconitine continuously for 1 h(40 μg/kg). Rats in the aconitine +EA group were given the same treatment as the aconitine group, meanwhile, EA(3 mA, 2 Hz/15 Hz) was applied at “Neiguan”(PC6) for 30 min. Left ventricular catheter and small animal ultrasound imaging system were used to observe the heart hemodynamic indexes such as left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising(+dp/dt_(max)), and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure declining(-dp/dt_(max)), ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS). The incidence rate of arrhythmia and arrhythmia score was observed by electrocardiogram. Results Following modeling and compared with the control group, LVSP, +dp/dt_(max),-dp/dt_(max), EF and FS in the aconitine group all decreased(P<0.01) and maintained in the model group. The LVSP of rats in the aconitine group was higher than that of the model group at 15 min after administration of aconitine(P<0.05), and +dp/dt_(max) was higher at 15, 60 min after administration(P<0.05). Since 15 min after administration, EF and FS in the aconitine group were significantly higher than those of the model group(P<0.01, P<0.05). After EA intervention, compared with the aconitine group, LVSP, +dp/dt_(max),-dp/dt_(max) in the aconitine+EA group were significantly increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) during administration and EF and FS in the aconitine+EA group significantly increased at the beginning of administration of aconitine and 30 and 60 min during administration(P<0.05, P<0.01). The incidence rate of arrhythmia was 100% in the aconitine group, and 50.0% in the rats of aconitine + EA group. The arrhythmia score of aconitine + EA group was significantly lower than that of aconitine group(P<0.05). Conclusion Aconitine has a certain inotropic effect, but it is easy to cause arrhythmia. The combination of EA and aconitine can not only improve the contractile function of the heart in rats with heart failure, but also reduce the toxic reaction of aconitine.关键词：Heart failure;Electroacupuncture;Aconitine;Facilitation and attenuation effect;Hemodynamics;Echocardiogram30|286|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion on wound healing, new capillaries and tissue repair in rats with full thickness skin excision. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control, moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups, with 24 rats in each group. The full-thickness skin excision injury model was replicated according to Balaji's and colleague's methods. Rats in the moxa-fumigating group received fumigation of moxa-smog at the wound surface(25 min/time) immediately after modeling through a smoke-heat separation device, and those of the moxa-heating group received conventional thermal stimulation of the ignited moxa over the wound(25 min/time) without moxa smog, once a day for 10 consecutive days. The wound color, pus, carrion, granulation, and healing status of the rats were observed. H.E. staining and Masson staining were used to observe the local tissues and collagen fibers of the wound on the 3(rd) and 7(rd) and 7(th) days. Newly born capillaries at the wound surface were observed on the 10(th) days. Newly born capillaries at the wound surface were observed on the 10(th) day. Results Following modeling, the wound area of the moxa-fumigating group on the 1(th) day. Results Following modeling, the wound area of the moxa-fumigating group on the 1(st) and 7(st) and 7(th) day, and those of both moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups on the 3(th) day, and those of both moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups on the 3(rd) and 5(rd) and 5(th) day were significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.001), and the wound area of the moxa-fumigating group was obviously smaller than that of the moxa-hea-ting group(P<0.01,P<0.001). On the 3(th) day were significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.001), and the wound area of the moxa-fumigating group was obviously smaller than that of the moxa-hea-ting group(P<0.01,P<0.001). On the 3(rd) and 7(rd) and 7(th) day after modeling, the re-epithelialization rates were significantly increased(P<0.001), and the amounts of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced in both moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups(P<0.001). At the same time, the re-epithelialization rate of the moxa-fumigating group was higher than that of the moxa-heating group(P<0.05,P<0.001), and the inflammatory cell count of the moxa-fumigating group was lower than that of the moxa-hea-ting group(P<0.001). On the 10(th) day after modeling, the re-epithelialization rates were significantly increased(P<0.001), and the amounts of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced in both moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups(P<0.001). At the same time, the re-epithelialization rate of the moxa-fumigating group was higher than that of the moxa-heating group(P<0.05,P<0.001), and the inflammatory cell count of the moxa-fumigating group was lower than that of the moxa-hea-ting group(P<0.001). On the 10(th) day after the modeling, the number of new capillaries and capillary density in the wound basal layer were significantly increased in both moxa-fumigating and moxa-heating groups(P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01), and were notably higher in the moxa-fumigating group than in the moxa-heating group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Both fumigation and heating of moxibustion can promote wound healing in rats with full-thickness skin excision injury, which may be related to their effects in controlling the inflammatory response and promoting the production of collagen fibers, granulation tissue and capillaries.关键词：Moxibustion;Moxa fumigation;Heat effect;Wound healing;Tissue repair33|537|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) on the depressive behavior in depression rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of depression. Methods A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, depression model, taVNS, tnVNS(transcutaneous auricular none-vagus nerve stimulaton) groups(n=6 in each group). The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with solitary raising for 35 consecutive days. After 14 days modeling, transcutaneous electrostimulation(2 mA, 2 Hz/15 Hz) was applied to auricular concha or auricular margin, respectively. Each intervention was conducted for 30 minutes, once daily for 21 days. The depression-like behavior was evaluated by forced swimming immobility time and body weight. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) and interleukin-18(IL-18) protein in the prefrontal cortex were detected by Western blot. Results Following modeling, the increase amount of body weight was decreased, the forced swimming immobility time and expression TLR4, MyD88 and IL-18 protein in the prefrontal cortex were increased in the model group than those in the normal group(P<0.01). Following the treatment and compared with the model group, the increase amount of body weight in the taVNS group was obviously increased(P<0.05), the swimming immobility time and the expression of TLR4, MyD88, IL-18 protein in the taVNS and tnVNS groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Conclusion TaVNS is able to improve depression in depression rats, which is probably related to its effect in inhibiting inflammatory response of TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in prefrontal cortex.关键词：Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation;Depression;TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway34|700|9更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) on epidural-related maternal fever in parturients undergoing epidural labor analgesia. Methods A total of 198 primiparas with single birth, full-term pregnancy and head position were recruited and randomized into a TEAS group(98 cases) and a control group(100 cases). In the TEAS group, after epidural labor analgesia, TEAS was applied to bilateral Hegu(LI4) and Quchi(LI11), once an hour, for 30 min each time, till the end of childbirth. In the control group, after epidural labor analgesia, TEAS electrodes were attached to the same acupoints, but without electric stimulation. Maternal tympanic temperature and the score of Visual Analogue Score(VAS) were measured before analgesia, at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after analgesia and during labor respectively and maternal fever rate was evaluated in the parturients of two groups. Separately, before analgesia, 2 h after analgesia and during labor, the levels of serum interleukin(IL-6) and IL-1β were determined in the parturients of two groups. The duration of labor, the mode of labor, oxytocin dosage, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal Apgar scores, time of labor analgesia, labor analgesic consumption and adverse effects were recorded in the parturients of two groups. Results Maternal tympanic temperature increased progressively in two groups as analgesic time prolonged. Tympanic temperature at 3, 4 and 5 h after analgesia and du-ring labor, and maternal fever rate during labor in the TEAS group were all lower than those in the control group respectively(P<0.05). The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-1β increased after analgesia in the parturients of two groups. The serum IL-6 level during labor and the level of IL-1β at 2 h after analgesia and during labor in the parturients of the TEAS group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The analgesic consumption in the TEAS group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of chills in the TEAS group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The differences were not statistical in VAS score, duration of labor, mode of labor, oxytocin dosage, postpartum hemorrhage, time of labor analgesia and neonatal Apgar score, as well as the incidence of urine retention, nausea and vomiting and urinary retention between two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation at LI11 and LI4 is conductive to relieving epidural-rela-ted maternal fever and reducing serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the parturients undergoing epidural labor analgesia. It is safe and effective in clinical application.关键词：Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation;Labor analgesia;Epidural-related maternal fever34|296|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To explore the effect of warm-needle moxibustion(WNM) on the levels of T cell subgroups and serum inflammatory factors, intestinal microecological balance and postoperative adverse reactions in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Eighty-four patients who underwent elective radical resection of colorectal cancer were randomly and equally divided into control(medication) group(23 men and 19 women) and WNM group(24 men and 18 women). Patients of the control group received conventional medication treatment(such as postoperative anti-infection and fluid supplementation), and those of the WNM group received conventional medication plus WNM stimulation(the acupuncture needle handle warmed by ignited moxa stick) of bilateral Zusanli(ST36), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Yinlingquan(SP9), Shangjuxu(ST37), and Zhaohai(KI6). The acupuncture needles were retained for 45 minutes every time, starting on the first day after surgery, once a day for 15 days. The number of T cell subsets(CD3+, CD4+, CD4+, CD8+, CD8+) positive cells was counted under fluorescence microscope, and the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by using ELISA, and the level of C-reactive protein(CRP) was detected by using immunoturbidimetry. The levels(logarithm of colony-forming units per gram of wet fecal weight) of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were determined. The adverse reactions(leukocyte decline, nausea and vomiting, peripheral phlebitis, cold stimulation sensitivity) were recorded after surgery. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of T cell subgroups, TNF-α and IL-6 contents, and intestinal flora numbers(P>0.05). After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the numbers of CD3+) positive cells was counted under fluorescence microscope, and the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by using ELISA, and the level of C-reactive protein(CRP) was detected by using immunoturbidimetry. The levels(logarithm of colony-forming units per gram of wet fecal weight) of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were determined. The adverse reactions(leukocyte decline, nausea and vomiting, peripheral phlebitis, cold stimulation sensitivity) were recorded after surgery. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of T cell subgroups, TNF-α and IL-6 contents, and intestinal flora numbers(P>0.05). After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ and CD4+positive cells, the ratio of CD4+positive cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+/CD8+ and the intestinal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus levels in the WNM group were significantly increased(P<0.05), whereas the number of CD8+ and the intestinal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus levels in the WNM group were significantly increased(P<0.05), whereas the number of CD8+positive cells, intestinal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus levels in the WNM group, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in both groups were obviously decreased in comparison with their own pretreatment(P<0.05), but no significant changes were found in the levels of CD3+positive cells, intestinal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus levels in the WNM group, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in both groups were obviously decreased in comparison with their own pretreatment(P<0.05), but no significant changes were found in the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ and CD4+ positive cells, CD4+ positive cells, CD4+/CD8+/CD8+ and intestinal Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in the control group(P>0.05). Comparison between two groups displayed that after the treatment, the numbers of CD3+ and intestinal Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in the control group(P>0.05). Comparison between two groups displayed that after the treatment, the numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ and CD4+positive cells, the ratio of CD4+positive cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+/CD8+, as well as the levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the WNM group than in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the number of CD8+, as well as the levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the WNM group than in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the number of CD8+positive cells, TNF-a, IL-6 and CRP, and the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were obviously lower in the WNM group than in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions including leukopenia, nausea and vomiting, peripheral phlebitis, and sensitivity to cold stimulation in the WNM group were markedly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion WNM intervention can significantly improve the immune function, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, regulate the level of beneficial intestinal flora, and also reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in patients experiencing radical resection of colorectal cancer.关键词：Warm-acupuncture moxibustion;Postoperative colorectal cancer;Immune function;Intestinal flora;Inflammatory factors39|637|6更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) on lung function, clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance and risk of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 49 outpatients with COPD were randomly divided into TEAS group and control group by using a digital table. The clinical trials were conducted by using randomized, single-blinded and placebo-controlled method. Patients in the TEAS group were treated by TEAS of Feishu(BL13), Dingchuan(EX-B1), Zusanli(ST36) and Pishu(BL20) for 40 min, once every other day for 4 weeks, while patients in the control group were treated with placebo TEAS which the electrode plates were adhered to the same acupoints but without electrical current outputs. The treatment was conducted every 3 months in one year. In addition, patients of the two groups had no restriction on their original treatment with conventional western medicines and Chinese Materia medica. The lung function(forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted, FEV1%, forced vital capacity predicted, FVC%) was detected using a spirometer), clinical symptom scores(CAT) for coughing, phlegm, chest tightness, climbing, family activities, out-door activities, sleeping and energy status were given. The patient's exercise tolerance was assessed using walking distance in 6 min, and the risks of acute exacerbation(times of exacerbation and hospitalization in 1 year) were recorded. Results Correlative analysis showed a negative correlation between the risks of acute exacerbation and the levels of FEV1% and FVC%(P<0.01) and a positive correlation between the risks of acute exacerbation and CAT score(P<0.01). Self-comparison showed that 1 month after the treatment, the FEV1% and FVC% levels, 6 MWD in the control group were significantly decreased(P<0.001, P<0.01), while the CAT score in the control group, and FEV1% and 6 MWD in the TEAS group were obviously increased in comparison with their own pretreatment(P<0.05, P<0.001), but FVC% in the TEAS group and the times of exacerbation and hospitalization in the control group had no obvious changes in comparison with their own pre-treatment(P>0.05). One year(1 year) after the treatment, FEV1% and FVC% levels, 6 MWD in the control group, and CAT score and times of exacerbations and hospitalization in the TEAS group were significantly decreased(P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05), while CAT score in the control group and 6 MWD in the TEAS group were markedly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), but FEV1% in the TEAS group and the times of exacerbation and hospitalization in the control group had no significant change compared with their own pretreatment(P>0.05). Comparison between two groups showed that after the treatment, the FEV1%(1 month) and FVC%(1 month and 1 year), 6 MWD(1 month and 1 year) were significantly higher in the TEAS group than in the control group(P<0.05), while the CAT(1 month and 1 year) and times of exacerbation and hospitalization(1 year) were significantly lower in the TEAS group than in the control group(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001), without significant difference in the FEV1%(1 year) level(P>0.05). Conclusion TEAS can improve the lung function, clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance, and reduce the risks of acute exacerbation in patients with COPD.关键词：Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation;Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;Risk of exacerbation;Lung function32|323|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) combined with caudal epidural injection on subjective pain, walking capability, lumbar flexibility and muscle strength in patients with lumbar disc hernia(LDH).Methods Sixty LDH patients were randomly allocated to the control group and the research group. The patients of the control group received ultrasound guided caudal epidural injection, and those of the research group received EA combined with ultrasound guided caudal epidural injection. Bilateral Jiaji(EX-B2) and adjunct points Guanyuanshu(BL26), Shenshu(BL23), Chengfu(BL36), Huantiao(GB30), Zhibian(BL54), etc. on the affected side were stimulated with EA(2 Hz/16 Hz, 5-8 mA) for 30 min each time, once every other day for 4 weeks, with 2 days' rest between every two weeks. The patients' pain was evaluated by using visual analogue scale(VAS), walking capability assessed by timed-up and go(TUG) test(time of walking back and forth in 3 m distance), lumbar flexibility(range of motion, ROM) detected by using an inclinometer and the strength of the lumbar flexor and extensor determined by using a push-pull dynamometer. Results After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the VAS score and TUG-measured time in both groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05), and the post-bucking ROM and extension ROM in the research group, and the lumbar flexor and extensor muscle strength in both groups were obviously increased compared with their own pre-treatment(P<0.05). Comparison between two groups showed that the VAS score and TUG-measured time of the research group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.01), while the lumbar flexor's ROM as well as the extensor's strength were significantly higher in the research group than in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with LDH, EA combined with caudal epidural injection can alleviate pain, improve the walking capability, lumbar flexibility and strength of the lumbar extensor, and the therapeutic effect of the combined treatment is significantly better than that of simple caudal epidural injection.关键词：Lumbar disc hernia;Electroacupuncture;Caudal epidural injection;Functional rehabilitation;Muscle function30|297|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of tiaoren tongdu acupuncture method(for regulating the function of the Conception Vessel and promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel) on fractional anisotropy(FA) and upper-extremity motor function after cerebral infarction by diffusion densor imaging(DTI) technology. Methods The patients with cerebral infarction were divided into an acupuncture group and a control group according to the random number table method, 27 cases in each group. In the control group, the basic treatment with conventional medication was used. In the acupuncture group, on the basic treatment as the control group, the tiaoren tongdu acupuncture method was provided. Main acupoints included Baihui(GV20), Shuigou(GV26), Chengjiang(CV24), Guanyuan(CV4), Qihai(CV6), Zhongwan(CV12), Shenting(GV24) and Mingmen(GV4). Supplementary points included Jianyu(LI15), Chize(LU5), Houxi(SI3), Weizhong(BL40), Zusanli(ST36) and Taichong(LR3) on the affected side. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture was given once a day, at the interval of 1 days every week, consecutively for 4 weeks. The upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment(UE-FMA) was used to evaluate the motor function of upper extremity before and after treatment. DTI was adopted to observe the FA values of infarct focus, posterior limb of internal capsule(PLIC) and cerebral peduncle on the affected side, as well as FA values at the corresponding parts on the healthy side in the patients of two groups. The relative differences(rFA) were calculated. Results Compared with their own pretreatment, the UE-FMA value was significantly higher after treatment in either of two groups separately(P<0.05 in the control group, P<0.01 in the acupuncture group). The difference of UE-FMA before and after treatment in the acupuncture group was larger than that in the control group(P<0.05). The FA and rFA values in infarct focus were higher than those before treatment in the two groups(P<0.05). The FA and rFA differences before and after treatment in the infarct focus and PLIC on the affected side were higher in the acupuncture group as compared with the control group(P<0.05). The UE-FMA difference was positively correlated with the rFA difference of each part in either group(P<0.05), and the correlation was the strongest in PLIC on the affected side in either group(P<0.01). Conclusion Tiaoren tongdu acupuncture significantly improves the upper limb movement function after cerebral infarction. The rFA value of PLIC combined with UE-FMA can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on the upper extremity movement after cerebral infarction.关键词：Cerebral infarction;Tiaoren tongdu acupuncture;Diffusion tensor imaging;Upper extremity motor function35|342|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：A newly-developed “Mouse Forelimb Fixator” and two types of “Batch Mice Moxibustion Device” on the basis of our “Mouse Safe and Fast Fixation Board”(developed in 2012) were introduced in the present paper. The Forelimb Fixator inserted into the base part of the apparatus in tenon and mortise style is used to control the mouse's posture with the forelimbs' acupoints fully exposed, and can realize simultaneous fixation of several mice at the same time. By using the mobility of the base of the single-hole moxibustion frame and the magnet, the distance between the acupoint surface and the tip of the ignited moxa stick can be accurately controlled, and several acupoints of different meridians can be simultaneously stimulated at the same time. Utilizing the porous transparent moxibustion board, the Batch Mice Moxibustion Device can meet the requirement of moxibustion at multiple acupoints at the same time. In addition, these devices are convenient in operation, innovative in creativity, save manpower and material resources, and help improve experimental efficiency and research on moxibustion.关键词：Mouse fixation device;Moxibustion device;Acupuncture apparatus;Experimental device37|362|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：As an unpleasant subjective feeling and emotional experience, pain has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of patients. In the early years, the research concerning pain mostly focused on the sensory-discriminative component. With the development of modern medicine, people found that the generation of affective-emotional component of pain has its unique physiological mechanism, and thus carried out a lot of in-depth research. The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) is the main brain area activated by affective pain, and the regulation of acupuncture on pain aversion is mainly related to it. The mechanism includes various signal pathways, such as extracellular regulated protein kinases-mitogen activated protein kinase-cAMP-response element binding protein pathway, adenylate cyclase 1 protein kinase Mζ-glutamate receptor 1 pathway, contains many biomolecules, such as opioid receptors, neuropeptide S and its receptor, and refers to microglia at the cellular level. This article reviewed the neural mechanism of ACC involved in affective pain and the role of acupuncture played in this process.关键词：Anterior cingulate cortex;Affective pain;Acupuncture;Review26|477|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The skin microecology interacts with the immune system for a lifetime, and the skin microecology is in dynamic balance in the physiological state. The flora with the same physical and chemical properties on the surface of the skin can maintain a relatively stable state in a certain period of time, and there are dynamic changes of microflora in both physiology and disease state. Combined with the study of the relationship among skin microorganisms, skin diseases and visceral diseases, the relationship between skin microecological changes and visceral pathological state is explored. On this basis, it is proposed that the sensitized acupoint is an abnormal manifestation of the body homeostasis imbalance on the body surface, and the local substance variation on the sensitization acupoint may induce microbial changes. In terms of treatment, moxibustion and other surface treatments that function through immunity may also involve microorganisms.关键词：Skin microecology;Acupoint sensitization;Acupuncture and moxibustion;Immunity homeostasis32|1060|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：In the randomized controlled clinical trials of acupuncture, the setting of the control group(sham acupuncture) directly affected the interpretations about their outcomes(beyond placebo), and has been being the hot spot and difficult problem. In the present paper, we discussed various types of sham acupuncture(invade and non-invade needling) commonly used nowadays and made an in-depth analysis on the factors contributing to the successful blinding to patients with episodic migraine without aura in a clinical study published in British Medical Journal(2020, 368:m697). Moreover, we put forward some thoughts on how to optimize the setting of sham acupuncture in the treatment of pain diseases. These thoughts are 1) setting different placebo control group for different types of pain, 2) selecting conventional acupoints not associated with the disease, 3) selecting the most sui-table type of placebo acupuncture through pre-tests, 4) choosing the distal non-meridian and non-acupoint not in the same neuronal segment with the pain locus when using non-invade consolation needling, 5) trying best to reduce the patients' doubts about placebo acupuncture operation, 6) selecting subjects with little or without acupuncture experience for multicenter studies, and 7) trying best to select objective indicators and to avoid the subjects' report bias when evaluating the effects of acupuncture and consolation acupuncture.关键词：Sham acupuncture;Pain disease;Randomized controlled trials;Blinding22|684|2更新时间：2023-08-11
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