最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 1 ， 2022
- 摘要：October 2021, Nature published an original research article entitled A neuroanatomical basis for electroacupuncture to drive the vagal-adrenal axis, which draws great attention and arouses extensive discussion in the acupuncture field. Based on previous findings, this study demonstrates that the abundant innervation of PROKR2-Cre neurons in deep fascia tissues mediates the anti-inflammatory effect induced by low-intensity electroacupuncture stimulation at “Zusanli”(ST36) or “Shousanli”(LI10) via the “vagal-adrenal axis”. This study is one of milestones in the field of acupuncture basic research and represents a great achievement generated by multi-discipline integration of acupuncture and neuro-immunology. It reveals partial contributing factors involved in acupuncture's effect and the relative specificity of the neuroanatomical basis of acupoints in the context of immune modulation. This study is both very informative and instructive for the innovation and clinical translation of future acupuncture research. Acupuncture researchers are recommended to attach great importance to this study in terms of its research strategy, methods and findings.关键词：Acupuncture;Anti-inflammation;Vagal nerve;Functional characteristics of acupoint;PROKR2-Cre neuron135|2164|11更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on physical strength and expression levels of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1) proteins and Atg5, Atg7, Atg13, Beclin1 and ULK1 mRNAs in aging(senescence accelerated mouse/prone 8, SAMP8)mice, so as to explore its mechanism underlying delaying aging by activating AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Methods Twenty-four male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group, rapamycin(autophagy inducer) group, EA group and EA+autophagy inhibitor(EA+inhibitor) group, with 6 mice in each group, and 6 homologous anti-rapid aging male(SAMR1) mice in the same age were used as the control group. Mice of the rapamycin group received intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin solution(2 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1)). EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral “Taichong”(LR3)and “Shenshu”(BL23) for 15 min each time. Mice of the EA+inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of mTOR inhibitor 3-methyladenine(1.5 mg·kg(-1)). EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral “Taichong”(LR3)and “Shenshu”(BL23) for 15 min each time. Mice of the EA+inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of mTOR inhibitor 3-methyladenine(1.5 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1)) before the EA intervention each time. The above-mentioned interventions were conducted 6 times a week for 2 consecutive weeks. Physical conditions of mice were assessed by exhaustive swimming tests. Histopathological changes of the liver were observed by H.E. staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR), ULK1 and phosphorylated ULK1(p-ULk1) in the liver tissues. The expression levels of Atg5, Atg7, Atg13, Beclin1 and ULK1(cellular autophagy-related genes) mRNAs in the liver were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The immunoactivity(IA) of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) in the liver was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of the liver were measured by hydroxylamine method for assessing the level of oxidative stress. Results Compared with the control group, the duration of exhaustive swimming, the expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, ULK1 and p-ULK1 proteins, and Atg5, Atg7, Atg13, Beclin1 and ULK1 mRNA, HO-1 IA and SOD activity were considerably down-regulated(P<0.01), while the expression levels of mTOR and p-mTOR and MDA content were significantly up-regulated(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the duration of the exhausted swimming, the expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, ULK1 and p-ULK1 proteins, and Atg5, Atg7, Atg13, Beclin1 and ULK1 mRNAs, HO-1 IA and SOD activity were significantly up-regulated(P<0.01, P<0.05), whereas the expression levels of mTOR and p-mTOR proteins and MDA content were notably down-regulated(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the rapamycin, EA and EA+inhibitor groups. The improvement of the abovementioned indexes of EA+inhibitor group was not as good as rapamycin and EA groups(P<0.01), suggesting an elimination of the therapeutic effects after administration of 3-methyladenine. No significant differences were found between the rapamycin and EA groups in the abovementioned indexes(P>0.05) except p-mTOR and mTOR which were higher in the EA group(P<0.01). H.E. staining showed ambiguous boundary of the liver lobule, disordered arrangement of hepatocytes with a large amount of fat vacuoles at different size and deviation of nucleus, and lysis of some hepatocytes. These situations were relatively milder in the rapamycin and EA groups. Conclusion EA may enhance physical strength and promote cellular autophagy in the liver of aging mice by regulating AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling, thereby inhibiting excessive oxidative stress, and delaying aging process to some extent.关键词：Liver;Electroacupuncture;Autophagy;Oxidative stress;Anti-aging51|1694|6更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of related proteins in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) signaling pathway and synapse-associated proteins and the density of dendrite spines in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) of depression model rats, and to reveal the underlying mechanism by which EA regulates the synaptic plasticity to improve depressive symptoms. Methods Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, EA group, and scopolamine(SCOP) group, with 9 in each group. The depression model was established by exposing rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) combined with isolated feeding. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA(2 Hz/100 Hz, 1-1.2 mA) at “Baihui”(GV20), “Yintang”(EX-HN3), “Hegu”(LI4), and “Taichong”(LR3), 20 min each time, once per day, for 14 d, while those in the SCOP group treated with intraperitoneal injection of 25 μg/kg SCOP, once every 16 h, for 14 d. The sucrose preference and feeding latency of rats in each group were observed in the sucrose preference test(SPT) and novelty-suppressed feeding test. The expression levels of proteins in the BDNF/mTORC1 signaling pathway and synapse-associated proteins PSD95, Synapsin Ⅰ, and GluR1 were assayed by Western blot. Golgi-Cox staining was conducted for exploring the total density of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of layer Ⅴ pyramidal neurons in PFC as well as the densities of mature, immature, and filopodial-like dendritic spines. Results Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significantly decreased sucrose preference(P<0.001), prolonged feeding latency(P<0.001), down-regulated BDNF, mTORC1, phosphorylated mTORC1(p-mTORC1), PSD95, Synapsin Ⅰ, and GluR1 expression(P<0.001,P<0.01), and diminished total, mature, and immature spine dendritic densities(P<0.001). Compared with the model group, both EA and SCOP remarkably increased the sucrose preference(P<0.001), shortened the feeding latency(P<0.001), up-regulated the BDNF, mTORC1, p-mTORC1, PSD95, Synapsin Ⅰ, and GluR1 expression in PFC(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001), and elevated the total and immature spine dendritic densities(P<0.001,P<0.01). The density of filopodial-like dendritic spine in the EA group was obviously enhanced(P<0.01), whereas the mature dendritic spine density in the SCOP group rose sharply(P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the EA group and SCOP group(P>0.05). Conclusion EA alleviates the depressive symptoms of CUMS model rats possibly by up-regulating the expression of proteins in the BDNF/mTORC1 signaling pathway and synapse-asso-ciated proteins PSD95, Synapsin Ⅰ, and GluR1, increasing the dendritic spine density, and enhancing the synaptic plasticity in PFC.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Depression;Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1;Synaptic plasticity40|1309|8更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on p53, cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7 A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in synovial tissues of rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA), so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in alleviating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Eighty rats were randomly divided into normal, model, moxibustion, and medication groups(n=20 in each group). The AA model was established by exposure to wind, cold, and damp environmental factors combined with injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion at “Shenshu”(BL23) and “Zusanli”(ST36) alternately, while those in the medication group were treated with tripterygium glycoside tablet suspension(8 mg/kg) by gavage, once a day, for 15 successive days. The pathological change in synovial tissue of rat right knee joint was observed by HE staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of p53, SLC7 A11, and GPX4 in the synovial tissue were detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The se-rum glutathione(GSH) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) contents were measured by colorimetry and fluorescence probe me-thod. Results Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited synovial hyperplasia of the right knee joint, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of p53 in synovial tissue, elevated serum ROS content(P<0.01), down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of SLC7 A11 and GPX4 in synovial tissue, and lowered serum GSH content(P<0.01). Comparison with the model group showed that the synovial injuries in the moxibustion and medication groups were obviously alleviated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 in the synovial tissues and the serum ROS content declined significantly(P<0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression of SLC7 A11 and GPX4 in the synovial tissues and the se-rum GSH content increased(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in histopathological change of synovial tissue between the moxibustion group and medication group. However, the p53 protein expression in the synovial tissue and the level of serum ROS were significantly higher in the medication group than in the moxibustion group(P<0.05), while the GPX4 protein expression and serum GSH content were down-regulated(P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion improves the inflammatory response in synovial tissue of AA model rats, which may be closely related to its regulation of the expression of ferroptosis-related factors.关键词：Moxibustion;Adjuvant arthritis;Ferroptosis;Synovium;Inflammatory reaction43|1423|7更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1 R)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(Akt) protein pathway in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson's di-sease(PD),so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in treatment of PD. Methods Forty-eight C57 BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal, model, EA and inhibitor groups, with 12 mice in each group. PD mouse model was established by intragastrical administration of rotenone for 4 weeks. In the EA group, EA was applied at “Fengfu”(GV16), “Taichong”(LR3) and“Zusanli”(ST36) for 30 min, once daily, for 2 weeks. The mice of the inhibitor group received gavage of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor ligliptin(10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1)) once a day for 2 weeks. The behavioral scores of mice in each group were observed. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in serum and substantia nigra were detected by ELISA, and the protein relative expression levels of GLP-1 R, phosphorylation of PI3 K(p-PI3 K) and phosphorylation of Akt(p-Akt) in substantia nigra of midbrain of mice were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the behavioral scores were significantly increased(P<0.01), TH levels in serum and substantia nigra, protein expression levels of GLP-1 R, p-PI3 K and p-Akt of the substantia nigra in the model group were significantly decreased(all P<0.01). After intervention and in comparison with the model group, the behavioral scores were significantly decreased(P<0.01), TH levels and the protein expression levels of GLP-1 R, p-PI3 K and p-Akt in both EA and inhibitor groups were significantly increased(all P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the abovementioned indexes between EA group and inhibitor group(all P>0.05), except for TH levels which were considerably down-regulated in the EA group relative to the inhibitor group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion EA at GV16, LR3 and ST36 may increase the level of TH in serum and substantia nigra by up-regulating the activity of GLP-1 R/PI3 K/Akt protein pathway, and improve the behavioral performance of PD induced by rotenone.关键词：Parkinson's disease;Electroacupuncture;Tyrosine hydroxylase;Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor;Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;Protein kinase B43|483|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) on the motor function and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and microtubule associated protein 2(MAP2) in cerebral ischemic penumbra of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and explore the mechanism of taVNS in the improvement of motor function in MCAO rats. Methods A total of 48 male SD rats were randomized into a sham-operation group, a model group, a transcutaneous auricular non-vagus nerve stimulation(tnVNS) group and a taVNS group, with 12 rats in each group. The suture-occluded method was adopted to prepare MCAO rat model. The auricular rim was stimulated in the tnVNS group and the concha stimulated in the taVNS group, 2 mA in intensity, 10 Hz in frequency, 30 min each time, once a day, for 14 days consecutively. The nerve functional assessment was recorded in each group. The expressions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7 nAchR) in the cerebral ischemic penumbra and the spleen were detected by using Western blot. With the immunofluorescence, the expressions of GFAP and MAP2 were detected. Results After modeling, compared with the sham-operation group, the nerve functional score was increased in the model group, the tnVNS group and the taVNS group(P<0.01), suggesting the success of modeling. After treatment, the score was increased in the model group(P<0.01) as compared with the sham-operation group. Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit score was reduced in the taVNS group(P<0.01). Compared with the sham-operation group, GFAP expression was increased and MAP2 expression was reduced remarkably in the cerebral ischemic penumbra in the model group(P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, GFAP expression was reduced, while MAP2 expression was increased remarkably in the cerebral ischemic penumbra in the taVNS group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the abovementioned indexes between the model group and tnVNS group(P>0.05). The differences in the expression of α7 nAchR in the cerebral ischemic penumbra and the spleen had no statistical significance among groups(P>0.05). Conclusion TaVNS is effective on neuroprotection in MCAO rats, which may be related to its function of inhibition of GFAP expression and promotion of MAP2 expression in the ischemic penumbra.关键词：Ischemic stroke;Astrocytes;Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation;Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway;Neuroprotection69|876|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at “Baihui”(GV20) and “Shenting”(GV24) on the expression of melatonin synthesis rate-limiting enzyme―arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase(AANAT)in pineal gland of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, so as to explore the mechanism of EA underlying improving ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, EA and non-acupoint groups, with 12 rats in each group. The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Rats of the EA group received EA at GV20 and GV24, while those in the non-acupoint group received EA at non-acupoints below the costal margins on both sides for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. The neurological deficit score(0 to 4 points) was given after successful modeling according to Longa's method. Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of rat. ELISA was used to detect the plasma melatonin content, and PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of AANAT in the pineal gland, separately. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the activation of astrocytes and neuronal injury in the hippocampus.Results After focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and compared with the sham operation group, the neurological deficit score, the escape latency, and the expression of GFAP were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the times of platform quadrant crossing, the secretion of melatonin at 24:00,AANAT mRNA and protein expression levels and NeuN protein expression were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01). After EA at GV20 and GV24, the above-mentioned indexes all reversed in the EA group relative to the model group, and there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the changes of the abovementioned indexes in the non-acupoint group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion EA at GV20 and GV24 can alleviate neurological deficit and improve cognitive function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, which may be related to its effects in up-regulating endogenous melatonin levels, inhibiting the activation of astrocytes and protecting damaged neurons in the hippocampus.关键词：Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury;Electroacupuncture;Melatonin;Astrocyte39|634|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of “Biao-Ben acupoints”(Biao indicates pathogenic factors of disease; Ben refers to body constitution) on renal function, hemorheology and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) level in patients with early diabetic kidney disease(DKD), so as to explore its mechanism underlying relieving early DKD. Methods A total of 120 patients with early DKD were selected and randomized into 3 groups: medication, conventional acupoints, and “Biao-Ben”acupoints groups by stratified randomization method, with 40 cases in each group. Patients of the me-dication group were treated by routine symptomatic supportive treatment(gleziquantel tablets or subcutaneous injection of insulin [for hyperglycemia], candesartan tablet [hypertension], simvastatin tablets [hyperlipidemia], etc.).Based on the medication group, patients of the conventional acupoint group were treated by EA of bilateral Feishu(BL13), Weiwanxiashu(EX-B3), Weishu(BL21), Shenshu(BL23), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Taixi(KI3)(main acupoints), etc., and those of the Biao-Ben acupoint group treated by EA of main acupoints Zhongwan(CV12), Fenglong(ST40), Xuehai(SP10) and Taichong(LR3)(Biao acupoints), and Guanyuan(CV4) and Zusanli(ST36)(Ben acupoints). The EA treatment was conducted one daily, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The urine microprotein level in 24 h was detected using an automatic specific protein analyzer, followed by calcula-ting the urine albumin excretion rate(UAER). The serum creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen(BUN) and cystatin(CysC) contents were detected by using an automatic biochemical analyzer, and the whole blood low-cut viscosity(ηbL), whole blood mid-cut viscosity(ηbM), whole blood high-cut viscosity(ηbH), plasma viscosity(ηp) and fibrinogen(FIB) levels were detected using an automatic hemorheology tester, and the serum eNOS and nitric oxide(NO) levels assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The total clinical effective rates were compared and the adverse reactions of the treatment were recorded. Results Compared with the values before the treatment in each group, the levels of UAER, Scr, BUN, CysC, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH, ηp and FIB were all significantly decreased(P<0.01), while serum eNOS and NO levels significantly increased in the three groups after the treatment(P<0.01). Compared with the medication group, the levels of UAER, Scr, BUN, CysC, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH, ηp and FIB were notably lower(P<0.01, P<0.05), and serum eNOS and NO contents obviously higher in both the conventional acupoint and “Biao-Ben” acupoint groups(P<0.01). Comparison between the two EA groups showed that the levels of UAER, BUN, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH and ηp were lower(P<0.05), whereas the serum eNOS and NO contents were considerably higher(P<0.05) in the “Biao-Ben” acupoint group than in the conventional acupoint group. After the treatment, the total clinical effective rate of the “Biao-Ben” acupoint group was 89.74%(35/39), being significantly higher than those of both the conventional acupoint group(71.05%, 27/38,P<0.05) and medication group(64.10%, 25/39, P<0.05). Conclusion EA of “Biao-Ben” acupoints can improve renal function and reduce microcirculation disorders in patients with early DKD, which may be related to its function in up-regulating the levels of serum eNOS and NO.关键词：Diabetic kidney disease;“Biao-Ben”acupoint combination;Electroacupuncture;Hemorheology;Endothelial nitric oxide synthase64|588|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the short-term effect and safety on female abdominal obesity and defecation function in treatment with acupoint embedding therapy at different abdominal layers under B ultrasound. Methods A total of 102 female patients with abdominal obesity were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. a deep embedding group(34 cases, 1 case dropped out), a shallow embedding group(34 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a sham-embedding group(34 cases, 6 cases dropped out). Finally, 92 cases were included in the three groups. Under B ultrasound, in the deep embedding group, the absor-bable surgical suture were embedded in subcutaneous fat layer and muscle layer. In the shallow embedding group, the absorbable surgical suture was embedded in the fat layer and in the sham-embedding group, no suture was embedded. The acupoints for embedding therapy included Zhongwan(CV12), Guanyuan(CV4), bilateral Guanmen(ST22), bilateral Tianshu(ST25), bilateral Daimai(GB26) and bilateral Shuidao(ST28). The acupoint embedding therapy was exerted once every two weeks, for 4 times totally. Before and after treatment, the changes in abdominal obesity indicators(waist circumference [WC], body fat rate [BFR], body mass index [BMI], abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness [ASFT]) and defecation function indicators(spontaneous bowel movement times [SBMs] and Bristol stool scale [BSS]) were observed and the safety indicators were assessed. Results After treatment, WC, BFR, BMI and ASFT were lower than those before treatment in both the deep embedding group and the shallow embedding group(P<0.05), those values in the deep embedding group were reduced more obviously as compared with the shallow embedding group(P<0.05). SBMs and BSS after treatment were increased as compared with those before treatment in both the deep embedding group and the shallow embedding group(P<0.05) and the increase in the deep embedding group was more obvious than in the shallow embedding group(P<0.05). The abdominal obesity indicators and defecation function indicators after treatment were not different statistically as compared with those before treatment in the sham-embedding group(P>0.05). The pain score of acupuncture in either the deep embedding group or the shallow embedding group was higher than in the sham-embedding group(P<0.05). The acceptance was more than 2 points in all of the three groups and there was no statistical significance among groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Acupoint embedding therapy in both the deep and the shallow subcutaneous layers under B ultrasound may regulate the indicators of female abdominal obesity safely. The acupoint embedding therapy in the deep layer is more effective on abdominal obesity and defecation improvement as compared with that exerted in the shallow layer.关键词：B ultrasound;Abdominal obesity;Defecation function;Acupoint embedding;Randomized controlled trial42|881|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects on liver function, portal hemodynamics, plasma nitric oxide(NO), intestinal endotoxin(ETM) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) treated with acupoint-penetrating needling technique of acupuncture and enema with tuihuang mixture in the patients with refractory ascites of cirrhosis. Methods A total of 120 patients with refractory ascites of cirrhosis were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each one. In the control group, the routine western medicine treatment was applied in combination with enema with tuihuang mixture. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, acupoint-penetrating needling technique of acupuncture was added, Zhongwan(CV12) penetrated toward Shuifen(CV9), CV9 toward Qihai(CV6), CV6 toward Guanyuan(CV4) and CV4 toward Zhongji(CV3) respectively. The duration of treatment was 60 days in both groups. The clinical therapeutic effect was analyzed in the patients of both groups. Before and after treatment, the changes in body mass, abdominal circumference, 24 h urine output/week, maximum depth of dark area of ascites, liver function indicators, portal vein hemodynamics, plasma NO, ETM and IFN-γ were observed in the patients of the two groups. Results The total effective rate was 81.03%(47/58) in the observation group, higher than 63.16%(36/57) in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, in the self-comparison of each group, the levels of body mass, abdominal circumference, the maximum depth of the dark area of ascites, the main portal vein diameter(Dpv), maximum blood flow velocity(Vmax) and venous blood flow(Q) were all lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), 24 h urine output/week was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05), and every indicator of liver function was improved(P<0.05). After treatment, the values of body mass, abdominal circumference, the maximum depth of the dark area of ascites, Dpv, Vmax and Q in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), 24 h urine output/week was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the improvement in every indicator of liver function was larger than that in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of plasma NO and ETM after treatment were all lower than those before treatment in both two groups(P<0.05), and the level of IFN-γ was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of NO and ETM in the observation group were lower than those of the control group and the level of IFN-γ was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The combined therapy of acupoint-penetrating needling technique of acupuncture and enema with tuihuang mixture effectively improves the effective rate on refractory ascites of cirrhosis, which is related to the decrease of endotoxin and the improvements of portal hemodynamics and cellular immune function.关键词：Refractory ascites of cirrhosis;Acupoint-penetrating needling technique of acupuncture;Tuihuang mixture50|361|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To analyze the regularities of combination of acupoints in the existing clinical trial literature by using complex network technique, so as to provide reliable evidence for selecting appropriate acupoint recipes in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA) with acupuncture and moxibustion therapies. Methods Clinical papers about acupuncture treatment of KOA published from January of 2000 to April of 2020 were searched from Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Pubmed and ScienceDirect by using keywords of “acupuncture”, “moxibustion” and “knee osteoarthritis”. According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, the collected papers were screened out to set up a database. SPSS Modeler18.0 software was used to analyze the association rules of acupoints(including the core acupoint nodes and compatibility relationship), and Gephi0.9.2 software was employed to conduct a complex network analysis about the compatibility rules of acupoints and their application characteristics of moxibustion and needling methods in the treatment of KOA(shown by a complex network schematic diagram). Results A total of 444 acupuncture prescriptions were extracted, including 6 single-acupoint prescriptions(1.35%) and 438 multiple-acupoint prescriptions(98.65%). A total of 112 acupoints were involved, with the application frequency of 3 389. Among them, the application frequency of the Neixiyan(EX-LE4)is the highest(354 times, 10.45%), followed by Dubi(ST35), Xuehai(SP10), Yanglingquan(GB34), Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36), etc. The mainly involved meridians are the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming and the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin. The involved specific acupoints are the Five-shu(stream) acupoints, being the most commonly used, followed by the crossing points, and lower confluent(sea) acupoints. Conclusion In the treatment of KOA with acupuncture and moxibustion, the regularities and characteristics of acupoint combinations(acupoint prescriptions) are: 1) often selecting local acupoints at the lower limbs, 2) frequently applying the Five-shu acupoints(specific acupoints), and 3) matching the acupoints of the outside meridians and inside meridians, especially those of the Spleen Meridian and Stomach Meridian.关键词：Acupuncture and moxibustion;Knee osteoarthritis;Combination of acupoints;Complex network analysis80|1639|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 关键词：The point to point penetration acupuncture method;Dou Taishi Zhenjing(《窦太师针经》);Paradigm;Basic elements;Characteristics of the main treatment of diseases28|878|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS) is a common and frequently occurring disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality. In the present paper, we reviewed the progress of studies on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of CIS in recent years. It is found that acupuncture induced amelioration of symptoms of CIS is closely related to its functions in 1) inhibiting neuroinflammation, 2) reducing oxidative stress, 3) lowering excitatory amino acid toxicity, 4) resisting neuronal apoptosis, 5) regulating cellular autophagy, 6) promoting neuronal regeneration and repair, 7) facilitating vascular remodeling, 8) regulating cerebrovascular reserve, 9) adjusting brain metabolism, and 10) maintaining the integrity of blood-brain barrier. These mechanisms provide scientific basis for clinical application of acupuncture therapy in the treatment of CIS.关键词：Acupuncture;Ischemic stroke;Mechanism;Review95|2219|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：On the basis of the consensus that acupuncture can regulate functional activities of nerves and blood vessels, we, in the present paper, discussed the physiological significance of the functional interactions between the two, and put forward a suitability between neurovascular coupling and acupuncture research, and held that the neurovascular coupling may be involved in 3 key links of the peripheral afferent process of acupuncture signals, central integration and regulation of target organs. Based on the differences in the expression of neurovascular coupling in different tissues, we proposed a feasibility of study on the diffe-rence of acupoint efficacies from acupoint-neurovascular coupling-acupuncture effect, and stimulation methods-neurovascular coupling-acupuncture effect.关键词：Acupuncture;Acupuncture regulation approaches;Neurovascular coupling;Acupiont efficacies54|434|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture therapy has been widely used in clinical treatment of consciousness, cognitive function, mental and motor disorders after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in China, and has achieved good results. We, in the present paper, summarized development of studies on the underlying mechanism of acupuncture therapy for ICH in recent 20 years. Outcomes showed that acupuncture can relieve symptoms of ICH by 1) inhibiting inflammatory response, 2) alleviating brain edema, 3) inhibiting apoptosis, 4) activating autophagy, 5) inhibiting iron death, 6) alleviating oxidative stress, 7) promoting nerve regeneration, 8) improving brain circulation, 9) regulating neurotransmitter levels, and 10) promoting angiogenesis. In the future, we suggest that clinical trials for exploring the rule of dialectical acupoint selection in the treatment of ICH should be strengthened, and in-depth studies on the interrelation among the acupuncture targets are conducted to improve the theory of acupuncture effects.关键词：Acupuncture;Intracerebral hemorrhage;Neurobiological mechanism;Review53|1501|9更新时间：2023-08-11
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