最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 11 ， 2022
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on microglia polarization and inflammatory reaction in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of CIRI. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, and acupuncture groups, with 10 rats in each group. The CIRI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery(MCAO) for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. After modeling, rats in the acupuncture group received manual acupuncture stimulation of “Dazhui”(GV14), “Baihui”(GV20), “Shuigou”(GV26), bilateral “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Fengchi”(GB20) by twirling the needles rapidly for 10 s/acupoint every 10 min, with the needles retained for 20 min. The treatment was conducted once daily for successive 7 days. The neurological function was evaluated according to Longa's method. The state of CIRI was observed after Nissl staining, and the expression levels of Iba-1, iNOS, Arg1, BDNF, GDNF and NeuN in the ischemic cortex tissue were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the ischemic tissue were assayed by ELISA. The protein expression levels of BDNF, GDNF, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB in the ischemic tissues were detected by Western blot. Results The neurological deficit score on the 24 h and 7(th) day was considerably higher in the model group than in the sham operation group(P<0.01), and evidently lower on the 7(th) day was considerably higher in the model group than in the sham operation group(P<0.01), and evidently lower on the 7(th) day in the acupuncture group than in the model group(P<0.01). The number of NeuN positive cells, the area of immunofluorescence dual labelling of Arg1, BDNF and GDNF positive staining, IL-10 content, BDNF and GDNF protein expressions were significantly decreased(P<0.01), and the immunofluorescence dual labelling area of Iba-1 and iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 contents, the pretein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB considerably increased(P<0.01) in the model group relevant to the sham operation group. In contrast to the model group, the acupuncture group had a significant increase in the number of NeuN positive cells, the immunofluorescence dual labelling area of Arg1, BDNF and GDNF positive staining, IL-10 content, and BDNF and GDNF protein expressions(P<0.05, P<0.01), and an evident decrease in Iba-1 and iNOS positive staining, contents of TNF-α and IL-6, and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(P<0.01, P<0.05). Nissl staining showed a marked reduction in the number of neurons, the nucleus pyknosis and nissl bodies and loose arrangement of the neuronal cells in the model group, which was relatively milder in the acupuncture group. Conclusion Acupuncture intervention can improve neurological function in CIRI rats, which may be related to its effects in regulating the polarization of microglia, reducing inflammatory reaction and increasing the secretion of neurotrophic factors in the brain, inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.关键词：Acupuncture;Ischemia-reperfusion;Microglia polarization;Neuroinflammation;Neurotrophic factor;Inflammatory signaling pathway51|680|8更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of scalp acupuncture on the expression of argarginine vasopressin receptor-1 a(V_(1 a)R), phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(p-CaMKⅡ), and aquaporin 4(AQP_4) at hypothalamus in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) rats, so as to explore the molecular mechanisms of scalp acupuncture reducing encepha-ledema in acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 96 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, inhibitor and scalp acupuncture groups, with 24 rats in each group. The MCAO model was established by thread occlusion method. The inhibitor group was intraperitoneally injected with V_(1 a)R inhibitor(30 μg/kg),once a day for 7 consecutive days. In the scalp acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to bilateral “parietal and temporal anterior oblique line”, with rapid insertion of 2 needles at 15° to 20°, twisting at 100 r/min for 1 min, and retaining the needles for 30 min, once a day for 7 consecutive days. The neurologic deficit score(NDS) and neurological score(NS) were evaluated before and after intervention. The positive expression of p-CaMKⅡ and AQP_4 proteins in hypothalamus was detected by immunohistochemistry. The water content of left brain tissue was determined by BIIiot method. The expression of V_(1 a)R mRNA in hypothalamus was detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared with the normal group, the NDS, NS, hypothalamic V_(1 a)R mRNA expression, water content of the brain tissue, and hypothalamic p-CaMKⅡ and AQP_4 positive expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the NDS, NS, hypothalamic V_(1 a)R mRNA expression, water content of the brain tissue, and hypothalamic p-CaMKⅡ and AQP_4 positive expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.01) in the inhibitor and scalp acupuncture groups. Conclusion Regulating the signaling pathway of V_(1 a)R/CaMKⅡ/AQP_4 in hypothalamus may be one of the molecular mechanisms of scalp acupuncture reducing encephaledema in acute ischemic stroke.关键词：Scalp acupuncture;Ischemic stroke;Encephaledema;Argarginine vasopressin receptor-1a;Phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ;Aquaporin 437|335|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of different intensities of electroacupuncture(EA) preconditioning on car-diac function and polarization state of macrophages in mice with acute myocardial ischemia(AMI), so as to explore its possible mechanism underlying improvement of AMI. Methods A total of 50 male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into sham ope-ration, AMI model, and EA pretreatment groups(0.5 mA, 1 mA, 3 mA subgroups), with 10 mice in each group/subgroup. The mice in the EA pretreatment groups were subjected to EA stimulation of bilateral “Neiguan”(PC6) with 0.5, 1.0 and 3 mA respectively and frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz for 20 min, once a day, for 3 days. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch(ADB) of the left coronary artery, while the sham operation only had a surgical suture trans-passed below the ADB but without ligation. The myocardial infarction area was measured after TTC staining, and the cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction(EF), short-axis contraction rate(FS)] was detected by using echocardiography. The M1 macrophages were labeled with CD11 b+F480+CD206(low), M2 macrophages were labeled with CD11 b+F480+CD206(low), M2 macrophages were labeled with CD11 b+F480+CD206(high) and detected by using flow cytometry, and the expression levels of myocardial interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) proteins were detected by using Western blot. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had a significant increase in the infarction area(P<0.000 1), number of cardiac macrophages and percentage of M1 type macrophages(P<0.000 1), and the expression levels of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4 proteins(P<0.001,P<0.01), and a remarkable decrease in the levels of EF, FS and the percentage of M2 type macrophages(P<0.000 1). In contrast to those of the model group, the area of myocardial infarction(P<0.000 1,P<0.01), expression levels of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4 proteins(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.001) in the 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA groups, number of macrophages and percentage of M1 macrophages(P<0.05) in the 1 mA group were significantly decreased, while the levels of EF and FS(P<0.000 1,P<0.05,P<0.001) in the 3 EA groups, and percentage of M2 macrophage(P<0.05) in the 1 mA group were significantly increased. Comparison among the 3 EA groups displayed that the effects of 1 mA group were significantly superior to those of 0.5 and 3 mA groups in up-regulating EF and FS(P<0.01,P<0.001), and in down-regulating the area of infarct myocardium(P<0.01,P<0.000 1), and the expression of TLR4 protein(P<0.01), and 0.5 mA group in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins(P<0.05). Conclusion EA preconditioning with electrical current intensities of 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA can effectively reduce myocardial infarction size, improve cardiac function in mice with AMI, which may be related with its effects in reducing the number of cardiac macrophages and down-regulating the expression of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR4 proteins. The therapeutic effect of 1 mA is better than that of 0.5 and 3 mA.关键词：Electroacupuncture preconditioning;Acute myocardial ischemia;Myocardial protection;Macrophage polarization;Inflammatory reaction35|393|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on metabolic patterns of the prefrontal cortex in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and EA group, with 6 rats in each group. Rats in the model and EA groups were subject to acute myocardial ischemia by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. For the EA group, EA stimulation(1 mA, 2 Hz/15 Hz, 30 min) was applied to “Shenmen”(HT7)-“Tongli”(HT5) once a day for 3 consecutive days. The histopathological changes of myocardial tissue and levels of ischemia modified albumin(IMA) in serum were determined by HE staining and ELISA, respectively. The LC-MS/MS technique was used to characterize the metabolic profiling of the prefrontal cortex. The differentially expressed metabolites were screened by principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-linear discriminant analysis(PLS-LDA), and subsequently Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Results Compared with the sham group, the myocardial fibers were disordered and fractured, and content of serum IMA was significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01), which, however, were significantly decreased in the EA group(P<0.01). With PCA and PLS-LDA, there were 18 differential metabolites between the model and sham groups. Forty-eight differential metabolites were emerged between the EA and model groups. Three metabolites associated to the sphingolipid metabolism were reversed by EA stimulation, as indicated by KEGG. Conclusion The molecular mechanism of EA against myocardial ischemia is partially mediated by regulating sphingolipid-related metabolites in the prefrontal cortex.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Acute myocardial ischemia;Prefrontal cortex;Metabolomics20|378|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the role of moxibustion of “Feishu”(BL13),“Tianshu”(ST25) for asthma by simultaneously treating lung and intestine(i.e., treating both lung and intestine at the same time) in asthmatic rats. Methods A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, lung treatment and joint-treatment of lung and intestine(joint-treatment) groups, with 12 rats in each. The asthma model was established by subcutaneous(bilateral back and inguinal regions) and intraperitoneal injection of mixture solution of albumin and Aluminium Hydroxide gel(on day 1(st), and 9(st), and 9(th)) and followed by inhalation of atomized 1% ovalbumin(on day 15(th)) and followed by inhalation of atomized 1% ovalbumin(on day 15(th), 20 min each time, once daily for 1 week). Moxibustion was applied to bilateral BL13 for rats of the lung treatment group or bilateral BL13 and ST25 for rats of the joint-treatment group. One hour after the intervention, the rats in the later three groups were separately given nebulized 1% ovalbumin solution inhalation for 20 min. The treatments were conducted once daily for 14 consecutive days. After intervention, the lung functions including the forced expiratory flow 25%(FEF 25%), maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF), dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn), forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity(FEV/FVC), peak expiratory flow(PEF), and lung resistance(RL) were measured by using a small animal lung function detector, and pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissues were observed by H.E. and Masson staining, separately. The levels of interleukin(IL)-17, IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, IL-5, leukotriene(LT) and thymic stromal lymphocyte(TSLP) in the lung tissue were measured by ELISA.Results Compared with the normal group, the FEF 25%, MMEF, Cdyn, FEV/FVC and PEF were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the pulmonary RL, collagen deposition, and contents of IL-17, IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, IL-5, TSLP and LT were notably increased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. After intervention, the MMEF and Cdyn in the lung treatment group, PEF, MMEF, Cdyn, FEV/FVC, FEF 25% in the joint-treatment group, were markedly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas the collagen deposition, IL-17, IL-4 and TSLP in both the lung treatment and joint-treatment groups, RL, IL-13, IL-33, IL-5 and LT in the joint-treatment group were considerably down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01). The effects of the joint treatment were apparently superior to those of lung treatment in down-regulating the contents of TSLP and LT(P<0.05,P<0.01). H.E. staining showed thickened alveolar wall, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in the bronchus of the model group, which was relatively milder in the joint-treatment group. Conclusion “Joint treatment of lung and intestine” with moxibustion is superior to “lung treatment” alone in ameliorating the lung function and mitigating airway inflammation in rats with asthma.关键词：Asthma;Moxibustion;Lung-intestine treatment;Airway inflammation;Lung function38|374|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the ocular surface inflammation and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7 nAChR)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) p65 signal pathway in guinea pigs with dry eye, so as to explore its underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 32 male British tricolor short haired guinea pigs were randomized into blank control, model, EA and sham acupuncture groups, with 8 guinea pigs in each group. The dry eye model was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide solution(0.6 mg/0.2 mL each time, 4 times a day for 10 days). Guinea pigs of the EA group was treated with EA at bilateral “Cuanzhu”(BL2) and “Taiyang”(HN5), and manual acupuncture at bilateral “Jingming”(BL1), “Sizhukong”(SJ23), “Tongziliao”(GB1) for 15 min, once daily for 14 days. For animals of the sham acupuncture group, a blunt needle was used to prick the skin surface of the acupoints, the acupoint selection and stimulation time were the same as those in the EA group. Before and after modeling and after the intervention, the breakup time(BUT) of lacrimal film, sodium fluorescein coloring(Fl) state of corneal epithelium and phenol red thread(PRT) moist length were recorded for assessing the severity of dry eye. The density of activated immune cells around the corneal epithelial stromal cells was determined by corneal confocal microscopy. The contents of interleukin-4(IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in the cornea and lacri-mal gland tissues were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of α7 nAChR and NF-κB p65 in the cornea and lacrimal gland were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately. Results Compared with the blank control group, the corneal Fl, density of activated immune cells of corneal epithelium, contents of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in both corneal and lacrimal gland tissues, NF-κB p65 cell positive rate and protein expression of lacrimal gland and corneal tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the BUT, PRT and lacrimal gland α7 nAChR cell positive rate considerably decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the level of corneal Fl, density of the activated immune cells of corneal epithelium, contents of corneal and lacrimal IL-6 and TNF-α, and corneal and lacrimal NF-κB p65 cell positive rates and protein expressions were remarkably down-regulated in the EA group(P<0.01, P<0.05), rather than in the sham acupuncture group(P>0.05) except content of corneal IL-10, lacrimal NF-κB p65 cell positive rate and lacrimal α7 nAChR protein expression, whereas the levels of BUT, PRT, corneal and lacrimal IL-10 and corneal and lacrimal α7 nAChR cell positive rates and protein expressions significantly up-regulated in the EA group(P<0.01, P<0.05), rather than in the sham acupuncture group(P>0.05) except corneal TNF-α and corneal NF-κB p65 protein expression. Conclusion EA can improve corneal and lacrimal function in dry eye guinea pigs, which may be associated with its actions in increasing the expression of α7 nAChR, inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and reducing the activated immune cells and inflammatory reaction.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Dry eye;Lacrimal gland function;α7nAChR;NF-κB;Inflammatory reaction42|437|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the pyrolysis of dopaminergic neurons in rats with Parkinson's disease(PD), so as to explore its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation, model, EA, MCC950 and EA+MCC950 groups, with 12 rats in each group. The PD rat model was established by two-point injection of 6-OHDA. Rats in the MCC950 group were injected with MCC950 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, once a day; for rats of EA group, EA was applied to “Taichong”(LR3) and “Fengfu”(GV16) for 30 min, once a day; rats in the EA+ MCC950 group were given MCC950 injection and EA once a day. All above interventions were performed for 2 weeks. After the intervention, the behavioral changes of rats were observed using rotating induction experiment, rotating rod experiment and open field experiment; the positive expressions of dopaminergic neuronal markers tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-Synuclein(α-Syn) in substantia nigra striatum were detected by immunohistochemistry; the damage of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra striatum was observed after HE staining; immunopositive coexpression of brain nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), Caspase-1 and ionized calcium binding adapter1(Iba-1) were detected by immunofluorescence double staining; the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 in brain tissues were detected by ELISA; the protein expression levels of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC) in the substantia nigra striatum were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the number of rotations of rotating induction experiment, the residence time in the central area of open field experiment, the positive expression of α-Syn, the positive co-expressions of NLRP3/Iba-1 and Caspase-1/Iba-1, the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in brain tissues, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Cleaved Caspase-1 in substantia nigra striatum were significantly increased(P<0.05), while the drop latency of rotating rod experiment, the rearing times and the total distance of open field experiment, and the positive expression of TH in substantia nigra striatum were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the above mentioned markers were reversed in EA, MCC950 and EA+MCC950 groups(P<0.05), and the improvement of the EA+MCC950 group was more obvious than those of the MCC950 and EA groups. In the model group, the neurons were disorderly arranged, the number of neurons was reduced, the cytoplasm was swollen, and some of them were vacuolar degeneration; while the degree of neuronal arrangement disorder, cytoplasmic swelling and the vacuolar degeneration were reduced in varying degrees in the MCC950, EA and EA+MCC950 groups. Conclusion The ameliorative effect of EA on dopaminergic neuron damage in PD rats may be related to its effects in inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 mediated neuronal pyrosis.关键词：Parkinson's disease;Electroacupuncture;Neuronal pyrosis;NLRP3/Caspase-133|736|8更新时间：2023-08-10
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Effects of early electroacupuncture on the expression of Iba-1 and TNF-α in Parkinson’s disease mice
摘要：Objective To observe the effect of early electroacupuncture(EA) intervention on ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1), tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in Parkinson's disease(PD) mice, so as to explore its neuroinflammation mechanism in treating PD. Methods A total of 24 male C57 BL/6 J mice(9 weeks old) were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups, with 8 mice in each group. The PD model was established by long-term low dose subcutaneous injection of rotenone. Started at the same time with modeling, EA(2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to “Shenting”(GV24), bilateral “Tianshu”(LI11), “Quchi”(ST25), and “Shangjuxu”(ST37) for 15 min, once a day for 8 weeks. The motor function was assessed by rotorod test and step length test. The expression levels of Iba-1 and TH proteins in substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression level of TNF-α protein in colon tissue was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the control group, the fall latency shortened at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after modeling(P<0.01) and the step length of hind limbs shortened at 5 and 7 weeks after modeling(P<0.01), the expression levels of Iba-1 in SNpc and TNF-α in colon tissue were increased(P<0.01), and the expression level of TH in SNpc was decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the fall latency prolonged at 6 and 8 weeks after modeling(P<0.01) and the step length of hind limbs prolonged at 5 and 7 weeks after modeling(P<0.01), the expression levels of Iba-1 in SNpc and TNF-α in colon tissue were decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05), and the expression level of TH in SNpc was increased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the EA group. Conclusion Early EA intervention can delay the occurring time of motor disfunction, alleviated the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, and exerted a good neuroprotective effect on the degenerative changes in rotenone-induced PD mice, which may be related to its effects in alleviating the intestinal inflammation, inhibiting the activation of microglia, thereby reducing the neuroinflammation.关键词：Parkinson's disease;Neuroinflammation;Peripheral inflammation;Brain-gut axis;Electroacupuncture42|340|3更新时间：2023-08-10 - 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the cerebral infarct volume and expressions of Beclin1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and p62 proteins related to cell autophagy in rats with cerebral ischemia(CI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of CI injury. Methods Male SD rats were randomized into 3 groups: sham operation, model and acupuncture which were further divided into 4 subgroups according to different ischemia time-points: 3, 6, 12 and 24 h(n=7 in each subgroup). The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery(MCAO) with surgical suture-embolus. For rats of the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to “Shuigou”(GV26) and bilateral “Neiguan”(PC6), and twirled for 1—3 min every time, 10 times altogether, and kept for 30 min. The neurological deficit score accoding to Longa's method was used for assessing the neurological function. The CI volume was measured after 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1,LC3 and p62 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blot. Results Compared with those of the sham operation group, the neurological deficit scores at 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after CI, and the infarct volumes, the expression levels of Beclin1 and the ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h were considerably increased(P<0.01, P<0.05), and the expression levels of p62 at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h were significantly decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. Relevant to the model group, acupuncture stimulation of GV26 and PC6 induced an obvious decrease in the neurological deficit scores at 6, 12 and 24 h, CI volumes at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and the expression levels of Beclin1 and the ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ both at 6 and 12 h(P<0.01,P<0.05), and an evident increase in the expression levels of p62 at 6, 12 and 24 h after CI(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture stimulation of GV26 and PC6 can reduce the CI volume and improve neurological function in CI rats, which may be related to its efficacy in down-regulating the expression of Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, and up-regulating the expression of p62 in the ischemic brain tissue, thereby improving autophagy flux.关键词：Cerebral ischemia;Acupuncture;Autophagy flux;Beclin1;Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3;p6225|377|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of visual acupotomy intervention on intervertebral disc degeneration, nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and expression of apoptosis related proteins in rabbits with cervical spondylosis(CS), so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of CS. Methods A total of 48 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into blank control, model, acupotomy and medication(meloxicam) groups, with 12 rabbits in each group. The neck type CS model was established by forcing the rabbit to make a neck flexion for 5 hours in a restrained chamber, once daily for 12 weeks. Rabbits of the medication group received an intramuscular injection of meloxicam(0.35 mg/kg), once daily for 4 consecutive weeks, and those of the acupotomy group received ultrasound-guided acupotomy intervention, once a week for 4 weeks. The pain threshold(PT) was measured by using a VonFrey electronic pain detector. The levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in serum were detected by ELISA. The severity of intervertebral disc degeneration was observed by using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and given scores in accordance with Suzuki's and colleague's “new classification system of cervical disk degeneration”. The apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells was analyzed by TUNEL staining. The protein expression levels of apoptosis-related protein Fas, cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2 asso-ciated X protein(Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 protein(Bcl-2) were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank control group, the PT and Bcl-2 expression and MRI score were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01,P<0.001), whereas the contents of serum PGE2, 5-HT and SP, ratios of TUNEL-positive cells, and expression of Fas, Caspase-3 and Bax were considerably up-regulated(P<0.001, P<0.05,P<0.01) in the model group. In contrast to the model group, both the medication and acupotomy groups had an obvious increase in the levels of PT and Bcl-2 expression and MRI score(P<0.05,P<0.01), and a significant decrease in the contents of serum PGE2, 5-HT, SP, ratios of TUNEL-positive cells, and expression of Fas, Caspase-3 and Bax proteins(P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the medication and acupotomy groups in all the indexes mentioned above(P>0.05). Conclusion Visual acupotomy intervention can mitigate the pain state of CS rabbits, which may be related to its functions in improving the intervertebral disc degeneration, reducing inflammatory reactions and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells.关键词：Visual acupotomy;Cervical spondylosis;Intervertebral disc degeneration;Apoptosis;Inflammatory reaction36|496|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of heat-reinforcing needling on the expression of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor(P2 X7 R),Nodlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3) and Caspase-1 in synovium tissues of knee joint of rabbits with cold syndrome rheumatoid arthritis(RA),so as to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of heat reinforcing needling in the treatment of RA. Methods Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, reinforcing-reducing needling group(RRG), heat-reinforcing needling group(HRG), and antagonist group(AG), with 6 rabbits in each group.The model of cold syndrome RA was established by ovalbumin combined with Freund's adjuvant and cryogenic freezing. Rabbits of RRG and HRG were treated with corresponding acupuncture techniques on both sides of “Zusanli”(ST36) for 30 min, once a day for 7 days; Rabbits of the AG was intraperitoneally injected with A438079(2.5 mg/kg), once a day for 7 days. After intervention, color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the joint cavity effusion, synovial thickness and internal blood flow signal.The histomorphological changes of synovial tissues were observed by HE staining. Quantitative real-time PCR method was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of P2 X7 R, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 in synovial tissues. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in synovial tissues. Results Compared with the normal group, the synovial tissues in the model group was thickened, linear and punctate blood flow signals were increased, joint effusion was obvious, synovial coating cells were enlarged, the synovial matrix was severely hyperplasia, inflammatory cells infiltration was obvious.The mRNAs expression levels of P2 X7 R, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α proteins in synovial tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with model group, abnormal blood flow signals, synovial thickness, joint effusion, proliferation of synovial matrix, inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial coating cells in the RRG, HRG and AG were improved. The mRNAs expression levels of P2 X7 R,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α proteins in synovial tissues were decreased in the RRG,HRG and AG(P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the RRG, the above indexes were lower in the HRG and AG(P<0.05, P<0.01).There was no significant difference in all indexes above between the HRG and AG(P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Heat reinforcing needling can improve synovial inflammation of RA, which may be related to regulating the expressions of P2 X7 R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.关键词：heat-reinforcing needling;Rheumatoid arthritis;P2X7R;Inflammation reaction34|349|3更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/UNC-51-like kinase 1(ULK1) signaling pathway in the synovial tissue of toes in rheumatoid arthritis rats, so as to explore the mechanism of mo-xibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods A total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, moxibustion, methotrexate and rapamycin groups, with 9 rats in each group. RA rat model was established by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. Moxibustion was applied to “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Guanyuan”(CV4) for 20 min, once a day for 3 weeks. Methotrexate group was given methotrexate(0.35 mg/kg) by gavage, twice a week for 3 weeks. Rapamycin group was intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin(1 mg/kg),once every other day for 3 weeks. The toe volume of the left hind limb of rats was measured by the toe volume measuring instrument. The content of AMP in toe synovium was detected by ELISA. The expression of AMPK and VPS34 protein in toe synovium was detected by Western blot.The expression of ULK1 and Atg13 mRNA in toe synovium was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with the blank group, the volume of toe in the model group was increased(P<0.01),while the content of AMP, the expression of AMPK and VPS34 proteins, the expression of ULK1 and Atg13 mRNAs were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group, the volume of toe in the moxibustion, methotre-xate and rapamycin groups was decreased(P<0.05); the content of AMP, the expression of AMPK and VPS34 proteins, the expression of ULK1 and Atg13 mRNAs were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the moxibustion group; the content of AMP, the expression of VPS34 protein, the expression of Atg13 mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the methotrexate group; the expression of AMPK and VPS34 proteins, the expression of ULK1 and Atg13 mRNAs were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the rapamycin group. Compared with the moxibustion group, the expression of AMPK protein in the methotrexate group and the content of AMP in the rapamycin group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion can improve joint swelling in RA rats, and the mechanism may be related to promoting the activity of AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway.关键词：Moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;Synovial cells of toes;AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway28|737|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of “Tong Guan Li Qiao”(unblocking gates and orifices) needling method combined with swallowing training in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia(PSD) and its effect on surface electromyography(sEMG) and cerebral microcirculation. Methods A total of 116 patients with PSD were randomly divided into observation group(n=59) and control group(n=57). Patients in the control group received swallowing training on the basis of conventional treatment, whereas those in the observation group additionally received “Tong Guan Li Qiao” needling treatment, both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Swallowing function was assessed by video fluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS) and standar-dized swallowing assessment(SSA) scale, the clinical efficacy was calculated. The sEMG was detected by a full-featured electromyography, the average EMG(AEMG), integrated EMG(IEMG) and peak value were calculated. Cerebral blood flow peak systolic velocity(PSV), end-diastolic velocity(EDV), mean velocity(MV) and pulse index(PI) were detected by cerebrovascular color Doppler ultrasound. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.92%(56/59), higher than 82.46%(47/57) of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the initial scores, the scores of drinking 5 mL and 60 mL of water in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the scores of drinking 5 mL and 60 mL of water in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, the AEMG, peak value, IEMG were higher(P<0.05), PSV, EDV and MV were faster(P<0.05) while PI was lower(P<0.05) in the two groups after treatment. Compared with the control group, the AEMG, peak value, IEMG were higher(P<0.05), PSV, EDV and MV were faster(P<0.05) while PI was lower(P<0.05) in the observation group. Conclusion “Tong Guan Li Qiao” needling method combined with swallowing training can effectively improve cerebral microcirculation, enhance the motor function of swallowing muscles and promote the recovery of swallowing function in treating PSD patients.关键词：Stroke;Acupuncture;Dysphagia;Cerebral microcirculation51|637|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：The standardized reports of simulated acupuncture control are conductive to understanding and replicating the control method for researchers and readers. At present, the reporting quality of the simulated control in the clinical research of acupuncture is low and there is not a guideline, specification or standard specifically for the report of simulated acupuncture control. In this article, we compared in-depth the checklists between STRICTA(standards for reporting interventions in clinical trials of acupuncture) and TIDieR-Placebo(a guide and checklist for reporting placebo and sham controls), and assessed their applicability in acupuncture clinical research. The checklist of STRICTA is a particular standard for reporting acupuncture intervention measures, including the items of acupuncture control, especially the reporting of the details in acupuncture control; while, the checklist of TIDieR-Placebo is for the comprehensive reporting of placebo or sham control, covering a wider range of content. It specifies the overall reporting of the placebo control setting, intervention delivery and blindness assessment. Although both of the checklists provide a certain reference for reporting simulated acupuncture, they are not applicable for adequately reporting the simulated acupuncture control. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a specific guideline for reporting simulated acupuncture control so as to improve the reporting quality.关键词：Acupuncture control;Reporting guidelines;STRICTA;TIDieR-Placebo;Acupuncture clinical research24|374|3更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Data mining is an analytical method for revealing the implicit internal relations among the data elements, and is also widely used in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine. However, there exist some significant deficits in the rationality of design and implementation, preciseness, repeatability, comprehensiveness, objectivity and depth of insights in some current acupuncture data mining researches. In the present paper, we summarized the literature on acupuncture data mining published in the past five years, and analyzed their common shortcomings in the design, implementation and reporting process, including too broad research scope, fuzzy and limited descriptions about the inclusion criteria, not definite retrieval scope and strategy, rarely seen original researches about the assessment of the report quality, lack of detailed descriptions about the literature screening and data processing procedure, incomplete narration about the research outcomes and their clinical significance, and lack of comprehensiveness and subjectiveness and available coping strategies in the discussion of the research papers, etc., in order to promote the improvement of literature methodology and quality of acupuncture data mining research, and then improve the reliability and clinical reference value of such research results.关键词：Acupuncture;Data mining;Methodology;Reporting quality;Strategy30|558|1更新时间：2023-08-10
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