最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 12 ， 2022
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of “Xiusanzhen” [bilateral “Yingxiang”(LI20)+“Yintang”(GV24+)] on synaptophysin(SYN), postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95), Iba-1+)] on synaptophysin(SYN), postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95), Iba-1+CD68+CD68+ microglia and complement C related protein expression of hippocampus in Parkinson's disease dementia(PDD) mice, so as to explore its mechanism in improving memory impairment of PDD. Methods Male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, sham operation, model and EA groups, with 10 mice in each group. The PDD model was established by injecting 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain tract. EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to unilateral LI20 and GV29 for 20 min once daily for consecutive 14 days. Morris water maze and new object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to label Iba-1+ microglia and complement C related protein expression of hippocampus in Parkinson's disease dementia(PDD) mice, so as to explore its mechanism in improving memory impairment of PDD. Methods Male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, sham operation, model and EA groups, with 10 mice in each group. The PDD model was established by injecting 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain tract. EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to unilateral LI20 and GV29 for 20 min once daily for consecutive 14 days. Morris water maze and new object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to label Iba-1+CD68+CD68+microglia and C1 q positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region. The content of C3 protein in hippocampus was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, there was no statistical significance in all the observed indexes in the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group, the average escape latency(AEL) prolonged significantly(P<0.01), the target platform crossing times(TPCT) and new object recognition index(NORI) decreased remarkably(P<0.01); the expressions of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly decreased(P<0.01); the rate of Iba-1+microglia and C1 q positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region. The content of C3 protein in hippocampus was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, there was no statistical significance in all the observed indexes in the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group, the average escape latency(AEL) prolonged significantly(P<0.01), the target platform crossing times(TPCT) and new object recognition index(NORI) decreased remarkably(P<0.01); the expressions of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly decreased(P<0.01); the rate of Iba-1+CD68+CD68+ microglia, the rate of C1 q positive cells and the content of C3 protein were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the AEL was shortened(P<0.01), the TPCT and NORI were increased(P<0.05) remarkably; the expressions of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05); the rate of Iba-1+ microglia, the rate of C1 q positive cells and the content of C3 protein were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the AEL was shortened(P<0.01), the TPCT and NORI were increased(P<0.05) remarkably; the expressions of SYN and PSD-95 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05); the rate of Iba-1+CD68+CD68+ microglia, the rate of C1 q positive cells and the content of C3 protein were significantly decreased(P<0.01) in the EA group. Conclusion“Xiusanzhen” can alleviate the learning and memory impairment of PDD model mice, and improve the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 area. The mechanism may be related to the reduction of C1 q and C3 deposition in hippocampal CA1 region and the reduction of microglia phagocytosis.关键词：Parkinson's disease dementia;Electroacupuncture;Synapse;Microglia;Complement 1q;Complement 345|457|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of β-amyloid(Aβ) and autophagy-related proteins in hippocampal cells of Alzheimer's disease(AD) model mice, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods Eighteen male APP/PS1 transgenic mice(6 months old) were randomly divided into model and EA groups, with 9 mice in each group. Nine male C57 BL/6 wild-type mice of the same age were chosen as the normal group. Mice in the EA group were treated with acupuncture on “Baihui”(GV20) and EA(1 Hz/50 Hz, 1 mA) on bilateral “Yongquan”(KI1), once every other day, 20 min each time for a total of 21 times. After the interventions, the spatial learning and memory ability were observed by Morris water maze test. The autophagy-related pathological changes in hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of microtublue associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and Aβ in hippocampus were observed by immunofluorescence and the expression levels of LC3 and p62 proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the escape latency was prolonged(P<0.01), the residence time in the original quadrant platform was shor-tened(P<0.05), the positive expressions of LC3 and Aβ, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ and p62 proteins, and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ proteins in hippocampus were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the escape latency was shortened(P<0.05), the residence time in the original quadrant platform was prolonged(P<0.05), the positive expressions of LC3 and Aβ, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ and p62 proteins, and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ proteins in hippocampus were decreased(P<0.05) in the EA group. The transmission electron microscopy showed that the structure of neurons was normal in the normal group, a large number of autolysosomes and autophagosomes existed in hip-pocampal nerve cells in the model group, and only a small number of autophagosomes were observed in the EA group. Conclusion EA can reduce the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, improve the hip-pocampal autophagy state, reduce intracellular Aβ aggregation, and thus improve the learning and memory ability.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;APP/PS1;Electroacupuncture;Autophagy36|515|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at “Fengchi”(GB20) on the ethology, microglia activation and P2 X7 receptor(P2 X7 R) expression in the periaqueductal gray(PAG) in recurrent migraine rat model, so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA reducing central sensitization of migraine. Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups, with 12 rats in each group. Recurrent migraine model was induced using repea-ted dural electrical stimulation once another day(the 1(st), 3(st), 3(rd), 5(rd), 5(th), 7(th), 7(th) and 9(th) and 9(th) days), for a total of 5 times; rats in the EA group received EA treatment(2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.8—1 mA) at GB20 after dural electrical stimulation, for 10 min every time, once a day for 9 days; rats in the control group only received electrode placement. The facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold was detected by using an electronic von-Frey on the 0(th) days), for a total of 5 times; rats in the EA group received EA treatment(2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.8—1 mA) at GB20 after dural electrical stimulation, for 10 min every time, once a day for 9 days; rats in the control group only received electrode placement. The facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold was detected by using an electronic von-Frey on the 0(th)(baseline), 2(th)(baseline), 2(nd), 4(nd), 4(th), 6(th), 6(th), and 8(th), and 8(th) days. Microglia activation in the PAG was evaluated by using immunofluorescence staining to detect the number of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba-1)-labeled microglia. Expression levels of microglia marker Iba-1, inflammatory factor interleukin(IL)-1β and P2 X7 R were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats were significantly reduced on the 2(th) days. Microglia activation in the PAG was evaluated by using immunofluorescence staining to detect the number of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba-1)-labeled microglia. Expression levels of microglia marker Iba-1, inflammatory factor interleukin(IL)-1β and P2 X7 R were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats were significantly reduced on the 2(nd), 4(nd), 4(th), 6(th), 6(th), and 8(th), and 8(th) days(P<0.01,P<0.001); the microglia in the PAG area were significantly activated, with the number of Iba-1-positive microglia, and the expression levels of Iba-1, IL-1β and P2 X7 R proteins significant increased(P<0.001, P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats were significantly increased on the 4(th) days(P<0.01,P<0.001); the microglia in the PAG area were significantly activated, with the number of Iba-1-positive microglia, and the expression levels of Iba-1, IL-1β and P2 X7 R proteins significant increased(P<0.001, P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats were significantly increased on the 4(th), 6(th), 6(th), and 8(th), and 8(th) days(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.01), and the above indicators were significantly reversed(P<0.05) in the EA group. Conclusion EA at GB20 can significantly improve facial and hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold of migraine rats, and its possible mechanism may be related to inhibiting microglia activation mediated by P2 X7 R in the PAG.关键词：Migraine;Electroacupuncture;Microglia;P2X7 receptor39|376|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of “Zusanli”(ST36), “Sanyinjiao”(SP6) and “Liangmen”(ST21) on gastrointestinal motility, blood glucose content and expression of autophagy-related proteins 1 light chain 3(LC3), p62, phosphatidyli-nositol-3 kinase(PI3 K), protein kinase B(Akt), p-Akt and mammalian target protein of rapamycin(mTOR) of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs) in the cultured gastric antrum cells in diabetic gastroparesis(DGP) rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of DGP. Methods A total of 45 Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, EA, medication(3-methyladenine, 3-MA) and EA+3-MA groups, with 9 rats in each group. The DGP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin(STZ) combined with high-fat and high sugar diet for 8 weeks. The gastric emptying rate was measured by using gavage of phenol red(to measure the propelling length of the phenol red/total length of small intestine ×100%). The symptom score(mental state, coat color and luster, behavior and activity, stool traits) of rats was observed every week and the blood glucose content was measured by using a glucometer. EA(20 Hz/100 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to unilateral ST36, SP6 and ST21 alternatively for 15 min, once daily, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Rats of the 3-MA and 3-MA+EA groups received intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA(30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1), 10 mg/mL), once daily, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. After 15 days' intervention, the rats were operated for gastric emptying rate test, specimen collection, isolation, and culture of primary ICCs. The expression levels of microtubule associated protein LC3, p62, PI3 K, Akt, p-Akt and mTOR of ICCs of cultured gastric antrum cells were detected using Western blot, and the number of autophagosomes in ICC of gastric antrum was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with the blank control group, the symptom score, blood glucose, and the expression levels of p62, class Ⅰ PI3 K, Akt, p-Akt and mTOR proteins were increased significantly(P<0.01), while the gastric emptying rate and ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and the expression level of class Ⅲ PI3 K protein were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the increase of symptom score, blood glucose, and expression levels of p62, class Ⅰ PI3 K, Akt, p-Akt and mTOR proteins and the decrease of gastric empty rate and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio and the expression level of class Ⅲ PI3 K protein were all reversed in both EA and EA+3-MA groups(P<0.05, P<0.01), rather than in the 3-MA group. In addition, 3-MA also reversed modeling-induced increase of class Ⅰ PI3 K, Akt, p-Akt and mTOR proteins expression(P<0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and EA+3-MA in downregulating the levels of symptom score and blood glucose content, and in upregulating gastric empty rate(P>0.05). The effect of EA was notably superior to that of EA+3-MA in upregulating the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and the expression level of class Ⅲ PI3 K protein, and in downregulating the expression of p62, class Ⅰ PI3 K, Akt, p-Akt and mTOR proteins(P<0.05, P<0.01). The findings of transmission electron microscopy showed obvious swelling, breakage of some mitochondrial cristae in the ICC cells of antrum and no autophagosomes in the model group and 3-MA group, which was milder in the damage of mitochondrial cristae and marked increase in the autophagosomes in both EA and EA+3-MA groups. Conclusion EA can improve the gastrointestinal motility and symptoms in DGP rats, which may be related to its functions in downregulating PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling to promote autophagy level of ICC.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Diabetic gastroparesis;Cajal interstitial cells;Autophagy;PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway56|1142|5更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the cognitive impairment and expressions of inositol-dependent kinase 1α(IRE1α)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway-related proteins in diabetic mice, so as to explore its underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty db/db mice were randomly divided into model group(n=15) and EA group(n=15), and 15 db/m mice were chosen as the control group. EA was applied to “Baihui”(GV20) and “Shenting”(GV24), bilateral “Pishu”(BL20) and “Shenshu”(BL23), “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Sanyinjiao”(SP6) for 20 min, and bilateral “Feishu”(BL13), “Hegu”(LI4) and “Taichong”(LR3) were stimulated with filiform needles, with the needles retained for 20 min, once daily, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. The daily food intake, water intake, and weekly body weight and blood glucose of the mice in each group were recorded. The learning and memory abilities were detected by Morris water maze, the morphology of hippocampal cells was observed by HE staining, and IRE1α-JNK pathway-related proteins IRE1α, JNK, anti-apoptotic protein(Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the food intake, water intake, body weight, blood glucose in the mo-del group were significantly increased(P<0.01), the escape latency was significantly prolonged(P<0.05), the times of cros-sing platform were significantly reduced(P<0.01), and the expression levels of IRE1α and JNK proteins were significantly increased(P<0.01), while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the food and water intake in the EA group were significantly decreased(P<0.01), the body weight and blood glucose were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), the escape latency was significantly shortened(P<0.05), the times of crossing platform significantly increased(P<0.05), and the expression levels of IRE1α and JNK proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased(P<0.01). The cells in hippocampal CA1 area of mice in the model group are in disorder, with unclear nuclei and obvious vacuoles; while the morphology of nerve cells in EA group was significantly improved. Conclusion EA can improve the cognitive impairment of db/db mice, as well as regulate body weight, blood glucose, and improve the cell morphology in the hippocampus, which may be related to its function in regulating the IRE1α-JNK pathway and related proteins.关键词：Diabetes;Electroacupuncture;db/db mice;Cognitive impairment;IRE1α-JNK pathway25|497|0更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of “Weizhong”(BL40) on the disorder of iron metabolism and the level of oxidative stress after lumbar multifidus muscle injury(LMMI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying promoting the repair of LMMI. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model and EA groups(6 rats in each group). The LMMI model was established by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine(BPVC) solution(400 μL) into the lumbar multifidus muscle with the syringe-needle close to the spinous process(L4-L5). Twenty-four hours after successful establishment of the model, EA(2 Hz/15 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to bilateral BL40 for 30 min, once a day for 2 days. Histopathological changes of the multifid muscle were observed under microscope after H.E. staining, and the iron granules in the multifid muscle tissue observed after Prussian blue staining. The expression of glutathione synthase(GSS) was detected by Western blot, and the expressions of iron regulatory protein 1(IRP1), ferroportin(Fpn), ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1, iron metabolism-related proteins) and gluta-thione peroxidase 4(GPX4, functions in protecting cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governing a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis) mRNAs were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were measured by biochemical methods. Results H.E. staining showed large areas of necrosis and breakage of muscle fibers, disordered arrangement of muscle fibers, widened muscle cell space, accompanying with a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the multifidus muscle tissue of the model group, which was relatively milder in the EA group. Outcomes of Prussian blue staining showed that compared with the normal group, there were more iron particles in the multifidus muscle tissue and enlarged muscle fiber gaps, which was also milder in the EA group. Compared with the normal group, the expression level of IRP1 mRNA and content of MDA were significantly increased(P<0.001), the expression levels of Fpn, FTH1 and GPX4 mRNAs and GSS protein, and the content of GSH were considerably decreased(P<0.001) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the increase of IRP1 mRNA expression and MDA content, as well as the decrease of Fpn, FTH1 and GPX4 mRNAs expressions and GSH content were reversed in the EA group(P<0.001,P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion EA of BL40 has a protect effect in BPVC-induced injury of lumbar multifidus muscle in rats, which may be related to its functions in improving iron metabolism to reduce oxidative damage by regulating expression of IRP1, Fpn and FTH1.关键词：Lumbar multifidus muscle injury;Electroacupuncture;Iron metabolism;Oxidative stress23|186|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of acupotomy on the expression of Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in the cartilage tissue in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis(KOA), so as to explore its mechanism underling improvement of KOA. Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equally divided into blank control, model and acupotomy groups, with 8 rabbits in each group. By using the modified Videman's methods, the KOA model was established by left hind limb immobilization with a plaster cast for 6 weeks. The severity of KOA(knee pain, swelling and motor function) was assessed using Lequesne score, and the rabbits with a score below 4 were excluded. The acupotomy was applied to “Hedingci”(the attachment of the quadriceps tendon to the patella at the upper edge), “Binneixia”(the medial patellar supporting band attachment of medial inferior patellar margin), “Binwaixia”(the lateral patellar supporting band attachment of the lower lateral patellar margin), “Chengfeijian”(the lateral collateral ligament of the knee passes over the lateral joint space), “Weiyangci”(the medial margin of biceps femoris at the lateral end of popliteus), “Yinlingci”(the medial tibial attachment of anserinus tendon) on the left hind limb once a week for 4 weeks. One week after the last intervention, the left knee joint dysfunction severity(pain, maximum walking distance, and some activities of daily living) was evaluated by using modified Lequesne score. Histopathological changes of the cartilage were observed under light microscope after H.E. staining. The apoptosis of chondrocytes was observed after terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) staining. The autophagolysosomes of chondrocytes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3(related factors of autophagy and apoptosis) were detected using Real-time PCR and Western blot separately. Results In comparison with the blank control group, the Lequesne score, apoptosis rate, expression levels of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein were significantly increased(P<0.001), and the number of autophagolysosomes, expression levels of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNAs and proteins considerably decreased(P<0.001) in the model group. Relevant to the model group, the acupotomy group had an obvious decrease in Lequesne score, rate of apoptosis, and expression levels of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein(P<0.001) and an apparent increase in the number of autophagolysosomes and expression levels of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNAs and proteins(P<0.001). Findings of H.E. staining showed severe damaged cartilage surface, with a large number of exfoliation defects, few chondrocytes on the surface and disordered arrangement of transitional cells in the model group, which was relatively milder in the acupotomy group. Conclusion Acupotomy can mitigate knee-joint pain and improve functional activity in KOA rabbits, which may be associated with its functions in promoting autophagy and suppressing apoptosis by up-regulating expressions of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 mRNAs and proteins and down-regulation of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein.关键词：Knee osteoarthritis;Acupotomy;Autophagy;Apoptosis21|437|1更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of warm acupuncture on the expression of Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway and inflammatory factors of articular cartilage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis(KOA), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improving KOA. Methods New Zea-land rabbits were randomly divided into blank, model, warm acupuncture and medication groups(12 rabbits in each group). The KOA model was prepared by using the right hind limb tubular plaster extension fixation method. The rabbits in the warm acupuncture group received acupuncture of “Neixiyan”(EX-LE4),“Waixiyan”(ST35),“Heding”(EX-LE2) and “Zusanli”(ST36), followed by attaching an ignited moxa-stick segment to the acupuncture-handle. The treatment was conducted for 15 min, once a week for 4 weeks. The rabbits in the medication group received gavage of diclofenac sodium solution(0.35 mg/kg), once daily for 4 weeks. The dysfunction severity state of the rabbit's knee-joint was evaluated using Lequesne scale(0-3 points), and the histopathological changes of cartilage were observed under microscope after H.E. staining and the state of distribution of chondrocytes in different layers and the extracellular matrix was assessed using Mankin score(0-6 points). The contents of serum interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) were measured by using ELISA, and the expression levels of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and MMP-9 in knee cartilage tissue were detected using Western blot. Results Compared with the blank group, the Lequesne score, Mankin score, and the contents of serum IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9, and the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and the expression level of MMP-9 protein in knee cartilage tissue were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the Lequesne score, Mankin score, contents of serum IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9, and the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and the expression of MMP-9 protein in knee cartilage tissue were notably decreased in both the warm acupuncture and medication groups(P<0.01,P<0.05). The levels of Lequesne score, Mankin score, contents of serum IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9, and the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in knee cartilage tissue were significantly lower in the warm acupuncture group than in the medication group(P<0.01, P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the warm acupuncture and medication groups in the expression of MMP-9 protein(P>0.05). Outcomes of H.E. showed injury of the perichondrium of knee joint, obvious reduction of the cartilage matrix staining, cystic changes, clustered and disordered arrangement and severe pyknosis and necrosis of the surface cells with reduction of number of cells and increase of vacuoles in the model group, which was milder in both warm acupuncture and medication groups. Conclusion Warm acupuncture can improve motor function and reduce cartilage injury in KOA rabbits, which may be related to its functions in inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling and downregulating MMP-9 expression in the cartilage tissue.关键词：Warm acupuncture;Knee osteoarthritis;Cartilage;JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway;Inflammatory factor36|1002|3更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2-STAT3) signal pathway and interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 in synovial fluid of adjuvant arthritis(AA) rabbits, so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Twenty-eight rabbits were randomized into control, model, moxibustion, and NLRP3 overexpression groups, with 7 rabbits in each group. AA rabbit model was established by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA, 0.5 mL/kg) into the rabbits' bilateral hind-knee joint cavities. On the third day after modeling, the NLRP3 lentiviral vector(40 μL) were injected into the bilateral hind-knee joint cavities of rabbits in NLRP3 overexpression group. Moxibustion was used to bilateral “Shenshu”(BL23) and “Zusanli”(ST36), 5 cones every time, once daily, 6 days a week for 3 weeks in the moxibustion and NLRP3 overexpression groups. The perimeters of rabbits' hind legs were measured after modeling and after the intervention. The contents of IL-1β, IL-18 in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA and the expression levels of NLRP3, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNAs in synovial tissue were detected by real-time PCR. Results In comparison with the control group, the perimeters of bilateral knee joints were significantly increased at each time point(P<0.05),and the contents of IL-1β, IL-18 in synovial fluid and the expression levels of NLRP3, JAK2, STAT3 mRNA in synovial tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the perimeters of bilateral knee joints were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the contents of IL-1β, IL-18 in synovial fluid and the expression levels of NLRP3, JAK2, STAT3 mRNAs in synovial tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the moxibusion group. Compared with the moxibustion group, the above indexes were higher in the NLRP3 overexpression group(P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion may play an anti-inflammatory and detumescent role in AA rabbits by regulating JAK2-STAT3 signal pathway, and its therapeutic effect may be closely related to the expression of NLRP3.关键词：Moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;IL-1β;IL-18;NLRP3;JAK2;STAT324|604|4更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at “Zhongliao”(BL33) and “Xialiao”(BL34) on the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) signaling system in colon tissue and short-chain fatty acids in feces of rats with slow transit constipation(STC), so as to explore the underlying mechanisms of EA in the treatment of STC. Methods A total of 32 SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, drug control and EA groups, with 8 rats in each group. The STC model was established by intragastric administration of loperamide for 14 days. The EA stimulation(2 Hz/15 Hz) was performed at bilateral BL33 and BL34 for 30 min, once a day for 14 days. The first black stool de-fecation time and fecal water content were detected after treatment. The expressions of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor(5-HT4 R), tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1) and 5-HT transporter(SERT) in colon tissues were detected by Western blot. The contents of substance P(SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in serum were detected by ELISA. The contents of 5-HT in colon tissue and short chain fatty acid(SCFA) in feces were detected by mass spectrometry. Results Compared with the normal group, the fecal water content, the expressions of 5-HT, 5-HT4 R, TPH1 and SERT in colon tissue, the content of serum SP were significantly decreased(P<0.05), the first black stool de-fecation time, and the content of serum VIP was significantly increased(P<0.05), the contents of SCFA in feces were significantly decreased except isobutyric acid(P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the fecal water content, the expressions of 5-HT, 5-HT4 R, TPH1 and SERT in colon tissues, the contents of acetic acid and butyrate in feces were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the EA and drug control groups, the first black stool defecation time was decreased(P<0.05) in the EA and drug control groups, and the content of serum SP was increased and the content of serum VIP was decreased(P<0.05) in the EA group. Compared with the drug control group, the content of serum VIP was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the expressions of TPH1 and SERT in colon tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the EA group. Conclusion EA at BL33 and BL34 can promote intestinal motility by intervening multiple links of 5-HT signaling system in treating STC.关键词：Slow transit constipation;Electroacupuncture;Zhongliao(BL33);Xialiao(BL34);Serotonin signaling system28|368|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of shallow-needle therapy combined with estazolam on insomnia differentiated as liver stagnation transforming into fire and its effect on adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and cortisol(CORT), so as to explore the mechanism of this combined treatment. Methods A total of 119 patients with insomnia of liver stagnation transforming into fire pattern were randomly divided into shallow-needle therapy group(n=40), medication group(n=39), and shallow-needle therapy combined with medication group(combined therapy group, n=40). In the shallow-needle therapy group, the patients were treated with finger pressure and operation with shallow stimulating at Zhenjing(Dong's extra point, sedative point) and Taichong(LR3). In the medication group, the patients were administered with estazolam(1 mg) orally. In the combined therapy group, both shallow-needle therapy and medication were administered. The treatment was given once daily in each group, 10 days as one session of treatment and 2 sessions were required. Before and after the treatment, Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI) and Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) were used to assess sleep and anxiety status. ELISA was used to detect the contents of ACTH and CORT in plasma. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in each group. Results In within-group comparison, PSQI scores, SAS scores and the concentrations of ACTH and CORT in plasma were all decreased(P<0.05) after treatment for the patients of three groups. After treatment, the total PSQI score, the score for sleep latency, sleep duration and daytime dysfunction, as well as SAS score in the combined therapy group were all lower than those of the shallow-needle therapy group(P<0.05); the total PSQI score, the score for sleep duration and sleep efficiency, as well as SAS score were lower when compared with the medication group(P<0.05). The total effective rates were 87.50%(35/40), 82.05%(32/39) and 95.00%(38/40) in the shallow-needle therapy group, the medication group and the combined therapy group, respectively. The total effective rate in the combined therapy group was higher than those of the shallow-needle therapy group and the medication group separately(P<0.05). Conclusion Shallow-needle therapy combined with estazolam is effective on insomnia of liver stagnation transforming into fire pattern, and its underlying effect mechanism is related to the reduction of plasma ACTH and CORT levels.关键词：Shallow-needle;Insomnia;Liver stagnation transforming into fire pattern;ACTH;CORT48|582|0更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：The “meridian” is the core concept of acupuncture medicine. It can be said that almost all the theories and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine are based on this concept. However, up to now, scientists have failed in finding the “meridian” described in Chinese classic textbooks and fall into the dilemma of the meridian essence research. In fact, the meridian is independent of currently known anatomical tissues. Nevertheless, researches obtained highly valuable outcomes of life science through long-term studies, especially the cerebral science endowed the meridian theory with new connotations. The modern meridian theory is composed of new knowledge and traditional meridian knowledge. In the present paper, we put forward a new hypothesis that “the brain controls the meridians”, and a new academic paradigm, that is, the meridians research should turn from looking for the structure of meridian to exploring the functions of meridian, which can be realized with the help of brain function.关键词：Structural meridians;Functional meridians;“The brain controls meridians”;Hypothesis37|630|7更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：How to set up a placebo control scientifically and effectively is a problem in clinical research on acupuncture therapy. In 2020, the UK National Institute of Health Research established a standardized methodological framework DITTO, that is, “Deconstruct”“Identify”“Take out”“Think” and “Optimize” to standardize the setting of invasive console-control intervention. Acupuncture therapy theoretically belongs to the category of invasive therapeutic intervention, and the percutaneous puncture therapy was also considered when the DITTO framework was developed. Therefore, this framework can be applied to clinical research of acupuncture, and may provide a reference for the appropriate setting of simulated acupuncture. In this article, we introduce the formulation process and main contents of the DITTO framework, and analyze the adjustments needed to be made and possible problems encountered in the application of each part of the framework in acupuncture clinical research through medical cases. The DITTO framework can guide and standardize the design of mock acupuncture control in acupuncture clinical research to a certain extent, which is conducive to finding a more suitable implementation method of mock acupuncture, thus promoting the improvement of the quality of acupuncture clinical research. However, because there is no precedent in the field of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine, further research is needed in the future practical application so that it can be better combined with the characteristics of acupuncture and the purpose of clinical research.关键词：Acupuncture;DITTO framework;Placebo control;Invasive intervention;Simulated acupuncture;Placebo acupuncture;Mock acupuncture;Methodological framework15|211|2更新时间：2023-08-10
- 摘要：Objective To compare the diversities in the literature characteristics of animal experiments with acupuncture and moxibustion(acu-moxibustion) published in both Chinese and English, so as to summarize the similarities and differences in the reporting content for the animal experiment research with acu-moxibustion in the journals at home and abroad. Methods The articles of animal experiments with acu-moxibustion published from 2016 to 2018 were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the database was established by importing the essential information, e.g. title, author, journal, impact factor, country, year of publication, citation frequency, funding, disease type, as well as the number of observation indicators and charts. The diversity was initially summarized among this type of articles between China and foreign countries. Results A total of 7 515 articles of animal experiments with acu-moxibustion were retrieved and 2 458 articles were eligible in compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of them, there were 1 827 articles in Chinese and 631 in English.(1) Among those of Chinese-version, 169 articles(9.25%) were published in Acupuncture Research, listed the first of the article publications. Regarding the impact factor of published journal, Acupuncture Research was ranked the highest(3.187). For those published in English, 78 articles(12.36%) were published in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, listed the top of the article publications. Gastroenterology occupied the highest in terms of the impact factor(17.373) of published journal.(2) The first authors of Chinese-version articles were all from China, distributing in 461 institutions; of which, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine occupied the top for article publications(142 articles, 7.77%). For the English articles, 16 countries were involved regarding the first authors, and the most of them were from China(523 articles, 82.88%), followed by South Korea, Brazil, the United States and Japan.(3) The frequency of citations of Chinese articles was 7.50, which was significantly higher than that of English ones(4.61).(4) The funding supported Chinese and English articles were 1 680(91.95%) and 569(90.17%) respectively.(5) In the aspects of disease name and animal model, 135 and 220 diseases were included in Chinese and English articles respectively. The common top 10 diseases referred to 8 categories, i.e. stroke-related diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, depression, diabetes, spinal cord injury, hypertension and obesity.(6) In terms of the number of indicators, the maximum number was 6 for Chinese-version articles, averagely 2.46, while, it was 12 for English-version ones, 4.02 in average.(7) Among the articles of Chinese-version, the maximum number of charts was 17, and 1 028 articles had 2 to 4 charts, accounting the largest proportion(56.27%). Among those of English-version, the top number of charts was 27, and 347 articles had 4 to 6 charts, occupying the largest proportion(54.99%). Conclusion The number of Chinese-version articles for acu-moxibustion experiment research is much higher than that of the English ones, the authorship is led by Chinese and most of the researches are supported by funds. There is less difference in the disease types between Chinese and English articles, but the frequency citation of Chinese articles is obviously higher than that of English ones; while, the numbers of observation indicators and charts in English articles are much more than those of Chinese ones. It is suggested that the great attention has been drawn on the acu-moxibustion experiment researches published in Chinese journals, and the reports of the researches are more complete in English journals.关键词：Bibliometrics;Acupuncture and moxibustion;Animal experiment24|756|0更新时间：2023-08-10
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