最新刊期
卷 48 ， 期 4 ， 2023
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) pretreatment at “Quchi ”(LI11) and “Xuehai ”(SP10) on expression of interleukin(IL)-33,suppression of tumorigenicity 2(ST2) and mast cell degranulation in sensitive area of skin tissue in rats with urticaria, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying prevention of urticaria. Methods A total of 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, EA preconditioning and medication groups, with 8 rats in each group. The urticaria model was established by topical injection of the prepared anti-ovalbumin serum(foreign serum, 0.1 mL/spot) along the bilateral sides of the spinal column on the back, followed by injection of mixture solution of ovalbumin, 0.5% evans blue and normal saline via the tail vein 48 h later. EA intervention(2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral LI11 and SP10 for 20 min, once daily for 7 d before modeling.Back sensitization was started from the 5(th) day on. Rats of the medication group received gavage of loratadine, and those of the model group received gavage of the same volume of normal saline. The diameter of evans blue spots at the back skin tissue was measured; the histopathological changes of the blue spot tissues were observed by light microscope after H.E. staining. The state of degranulation of mast cells in the subcutaneous loose connective tissue was observed by using toluidine blue staining. Serum IgE and histamine contents were detected by ELISA, and the immunoactivity of IL-33 and ST2 in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the sensitized spots(evans blue exudation spots) was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the blank control group, the diameter of evans blue spot, degranulation rate of mast cells, serum IgE and histamine contents, and the immunoactivity of IL-33 and ST2 in the evans blue exudation spot tissues were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the increase of the above-mentioned indexes was reversed in both EA and medication groups(P<0.01,P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in down-regulating the levels of the 6 indexes. H.E. staining of the blue spot tissues of rats in the model group showed incomplete structure of the epidermal layer of the skin, unclear interface of tissues, incomplete keratinization, chaotic epidermal cells, disorderly arrangement of fibers in the dermis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema, which was relatively milder in the EA and medication groups. Conclusion EA preconditioning can prevent urticaria(reduce size and sensitive reactions) in rats, which may be associated with its functions in lowering the level of IgE through inhibiting IL-33 and ST2.关键词：Acupuncture;Urticaria;Mast cell degranulation;Interleukin-33;Suppression of tumorigenicity 281|192|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) on the histomorphological manifestations of hippocampal CA1 region and the expression of extracellular regulatory protein kinase(ERK), cyclic adenosine response element binding protein(CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) rats, so as to explore the mechanisms of TEAS in improving the learning and memory abilities of CFS rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group(10 rats) and modeling group(30 rats); then after modeling, they were selected and randomly divided into model group(10 rats) and TEAS group(10 rats). CFS rats model was prepared by sleep deprivation combined with weight-bearing swimming. Rats in the TEAS group were stimulated with Han's acupoint nerve stimulator at bilateral “Zusanli”(ST36) and “Shenshu”(BL23)(2 Hz/15 Hz, 1-2 mA), 20 min each time, once a day for 4 weeks with 1 d rest every 6 d. The score of general conditions of rats was evaluated. The learning and memory ability was tested with Morris water maze. The morphology and ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of ERK, CREB and BDNF mRNAs and proteins in hippocampus were detected by real time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.Results Compared with the normal group, the score of general condition was increased(P<0.01); the escape latency was prolonged(P<0.05, P<0.01) and the times of crossing the original platform was decreased(P<0.05); the expression levels of ERK, CREB and BDNF mRNAs and proteins in hippocampus were decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the scores of general condition on the 42(nd) and 49(nd) and 49(th) day were decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01); the escape latency was shortened(P<0.01, P<0.05)and the times of crossing the original platform were increased(P<0.05); the expression levels of ERK, CREB and BDNF mRNAs and proteins in hippocampus were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the TEAS group. The morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was normal in the normal group. In the model group, the number of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region decreased, the arrangement of nerve cells was scattered, the number of apoptotic cells increased, some nuclear structures disappeared, nuclear heterochromatin increased, the cell membrane wrinkled, the chromatin appeared empty bright area, and the crista was incomplete. Compared with the model group, the nerve cells morphology in hippocampal CA1 region was more regular, the number of apoptotic cells decreased, the chromatin and the cytoplasm were uniformly distributed, and the crista was relatively intact in the TEAS group. Conclusion TEAS can improve the learning and memory ability of CFS rats, the mechanisms may be related to improving the neural structure of hippocampal CA1 region and up-regulating the expression levels of ERK/CREB/BDNF.关键词：Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation;Chronic fatigue syndrome;Learning and memory;Hippocampal CA1 region;Neuroplasticity84|469|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP) cleavage-activating protein(SCAP)/SREBP-2 signaling and the expressions of its downstream cholesterol metabolism related molecules 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGCR), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9), and low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR) in the liver tissue in rats with hyperlipidemia(HLP), so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of HLP. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, HLP model and EA groups(n=10/group). The HLP model was established by feeding the rats with high-fat diet for 28 d. Rats in the EA group received EA stimulation(2 Hz/100 Hz, 2 mA) at “Fenglong”(ST40) and “Yinlingquan”(SP9) for 30 min, once daily for 28 d. The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the serum, the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT) were detected by automatic biochemical analysis. The content of TC in the liver tissue was detected using high performance liquid chromatography. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SCAP, SREBP-2, HMGCR, PCSK9 and LDLR in the liver tissue were measured by using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The immunofluorescence density of liver SCAP was determined by using immunofluorescence histochemistry. Results Compared with the normal control group, the contents of liver TC, serum TC, LDL-C, the activities of AST and ALT, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of SCAP, SREBP-2, HMGCR, PCSK9 as well as SCAP immunoactivity were significantly increased(P<0.01), while the LDLR mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the contents of liver TC, serum TC, LDL-C,the activities of AST and ALT and the expression of SCAP, SREBP-2, HMGCR, PCSK9 mRNAs and proteins and SCAP immunoactivity were considerably decreased in the EA group(P<0.01), while the LDLR protein level was evidently increased in the EA group(P<0.05). Conclusion EA intervention can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and thus improve hyperlipidemia in HLP rats, which may be realized by down-regulating the protein and mRNA expressions of hepatic SCAP/SREBP-2, HMGCR and PCSK9, and up-regulating LDLR protein.关键词：Hyperlipidemia;Electroacupuncture;Cleavage-activating protein;Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2;Cholesterol metabolism80|353|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To explore the antioxidant effect of moxibustion on vascular endothelial function and the under-lying mechanism. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, moxibustion and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) inhibitor groups, with 10 rats in each group. Hyperlipidemia rat model was established by high fat diet for 8 weeks. Rats in the moxibustion group received 45 ℃ moxibustion at “Zusanli”(ST36) for 10 min once daily for consecutive 4 weeks. Rats in the eNOS inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of eNOS inhibitor L-NAME(1 mg/100 g) at the same time of moxibustion intervention. The morphology of abdominal aorta endothelium was observed by HE staining. Lipid deposition in abdominal aorta was observed by oil red O staining. The contents of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in serum and reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide(NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), oxidized LDL lipoprotein(ox-LDL), endothelin-1(ET-1), eNOS, malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and abdominal aorta were determined by ELISA. The expression of eNOS in abdominal aorta was detected by immunofluorescence. Results HE staining of the abdominal aorta showed no significant pathological abnormality in the blank group; the endovascular cortex was rough, and the inner, media and outer membrane were rough in the model group; the nucleus and surrounding tissue structure were clear and the vascular wall was smooth in the moxibustion group; abdominal aorta texture was rough in the eNOS inhibitor group. Compared with the blank group, the area of oil red O staining in abdominal aorta increased(P<0.05); the contents of serum TC, TG and LDL-C increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) while HDL-C decreased(P<0.05); the contents of ET-1 in serum and abdominal aorta were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) while the contents of NO and eNOS were decreased(P<0.05, P<0.001); the contents of ROS, ox-LDL and MDA in serum and abdominal aorta were increased(P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.000 1) while the content of SOD in abdominal aorta was decreased(P<0.000 1); the expression level of eNOS in abdominal aorta was decreased(P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the area of oil red O staining in abdominal aorta decreased(P<0.05); the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum decreased(P<0.05) while HDL-C increased(P<0.05); the contents of ET-1 in serum and abdominal aorta were decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) while the contents of NO and eNOS in abdominal aorta were increased(P<0.001, P<0.01); the contents of ROS and MDA in serum and abdominal aorta were decreased(P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of ox-LDL was decreased(P<0.01) and the content of SOD was increased(P<0.000 1) in abdominal aorta; the expression level of eNOS in abdominal aorta was increased(P<0.05) in the moxibustion group. Compared with the moxibustion group, the contents of serum TC, LDL-C and MDA in the eNOS inhibitor group were increased(P<0.05); the contents of ET-1, ROS, ox-LDL and MDA in abdominal aorta were increased(P<0.05), the contents of NO, eNOS and SOD were decreased(P<0.05); the expression level of eNOS in abdominal aorta was decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion 45 ℃ moxibustion at ST36 can protect and repair vascular endothelial injury in abdominal aorta of hyperlipidemia rats and improve the oxidative stress of vascular endothelium.关键词：Moxibustion;Hyperlipidemia;Oxidative stress;Abdominal aorta;Endothelial nitric oxide synthase70|518|5更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture-moxibustion with “Biao-Ben” acupoint combination(BB) on the serum metabolites and metabolic pathway in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) model rats, so as to explore the mechanisms of BB in the prevention and treatment of IBS. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group, and BB group, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS model was established by the combination of acute stress method and chronic stress method, and the success of the model establishment was evaluated by abdominal wall reflex(AWR). BB group received acupuncture-moxibustion treatment at “Neiguan”(PC6), “Zusanli”(ST36), and “Guanyuan”(CV4) for 15 min, once a day, for a total of 28 days. Bristol's fecal character score was evaluated, and intestinal propulsion rate was calculated. The open-field experiment was used to observe the behaviour of rats. Pathological changes in the colon were observed by H.E. staining. TM widely targeted metabolomics technology was used to detect the metabolic profile of serum samples from 3 groups of rats. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis techniques were combined with database screening to screen differential metabolites, and the KEGG database was utilized to map the enriched metabolic pathway. Results Compared with the control group, AWR, and the total distance, speed, duration traveled autonomously, the distance of central grid traveling, the number of central grid crossings of the open-field experiment were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05), while Bristol's fecal character score, intestinal propulsion rate and rest duration in the open-field experiment were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, Bristol's fecal character score, the intestinal propulsion rate, rest duration, and rest episode were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05), while AWR, the total distance, speed, duration traveled autonomously, the distance of central grid traveling, the number of central grid crossings, and the residence time of the central grid were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05) in the BB group. H.E. staining showed a discontinuous mucosal layer of colon tissue, a slightly disordered arrangement of glands, and more inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa and muscle layer in the model group, which was relatively milder in the BB group. After comparing the model and control group, 123 differential metabolites were screened, while 57 were screened after comparing the model and BB group. Six differential metabolic pathways were acquired when comparing the model and the control group, while 8 were acquired when comparing the model and BB group using KEGG enrichment analysis, both of which included the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Conclusion “Biao-Ben” acupoint combination can improve symptoms of IBS by regulating metabolites of the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, which may be a potential target for the treatment of IBS.关键词：Acupuncture and moxibustion;“Biao-Ben” acupoint combination;Irritable bowel syndrome;TM widely targeted metabolomics77|428|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in ankle synovial tissue of rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA), so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in inhibiting synovial angiogenesis and improving joint symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, moxibustion group and medication group, with 15 rats in each group. AA rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the right hind paw. Rats in the moxibustion group were treated with “Zusanli”(ST36), “Guanyuan”(CV4) and “Ashi” point moxibustion, 20 min each time, once a day, for consecutive 3 weeks. Rats in the medication group were given methotrexate(0.35 mg/kg) intragastric administration, twice a week, for consecutive 3 weeks. Foot plantar volume of rats was measured by toe volume mea-suring instrument. HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of ankle synovium. The protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in ankle synovial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the foot plantar volume and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in synovial tissue of ankle joint were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group, the synovial tissue showed obvious hyperplasia and a large number of neovasculogenesis. Following the interventions, the foot plantar volume and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in synovial tissue of ankle joint were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01) in both moxibustion and medication groups in contrast to the model group, and there was no obvious proliferation of synovial tissue, and only a few neovascularization was observed. Compared with the medication group, the foot plantar volume was decreased(P<0.05) in the moxibustion group. Conclusion Moxibustion can improve joint swelling and inhibit synovial angiogenesis in AA rats, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulating of HIF-1α and VEGF protein expressions.关键词：Moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;Hypoxia inducible factor-1α;Vascular endothelial growth factor;Angiogenesis66|447|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) penetration needling on Toll-like receptors 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B(TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway in rat synovium and the serum-related inflammatory factors, so as to explore the mechanism of EA penetration needling on synovial inflammation in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, EA+penetration needling group, and conventional EA group, with 16 rats in each group. The rats model was prepared by anterior cruciate ligment transection and these rats were forced to exercise for 8 weeks after operation. After successful modeling, in the EA+penetration needling group, the needles were inserted at “Dubi”(ST35) “Neixiyan”(EX-LE4), and at “Xuehai”(SP10) “Liangqiu”(ST34) on the right hind limb, towards each other, 5-8 mm in depth, respectively. In the conventional EA group, the needles were inserted at ST35 and EX-LE4 on the right hind limb, obliquely, at 30° angle to the skin, 3-5 mm in depth; and were inserted at SP10 and ST34 on the right hind limb perpendicularly, 3-5 mm in depth. In these two groups, electric stimulation was operated with dense-disperse wave, 2 Hz/10 Hz in frequency and 0.5-1.5 mA in intensity, retained for 20 min in each treatment. The treatment was given once daily, 10 days as 1 course of treatment, and 2 courses were required at the interval of 2 days. After the intervention, the knee joint effusion was observed by musculoskeletal ultrasound; the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were determined by ELISA; the morphological changes in the synovium were observed after H.E. staining; the positive expression of NF-κB p65 in the synovial membrane was detected by immunohistochemical method; the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the synovial membrane were determined by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, in the model group, the knee joint effusion was obviously increased, the synovial lining cells were distributed irregularly, the cells were disarranged, the pannus was formed largely, and a great number of the inflammatory cells were infiltrated; the contents of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, the positive expression of NF-κB p65, the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6 and NF-κB p65 in the synovial tissue were increased(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the knee joint effusion was reduced, the synovial lining cells were proliferated, a small number of the inflammatory cells were infiltrated, and the pannus was formed lightly; the contents of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, the positive expression of NF-κB p65, the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6 and NF-κB p65 in the synovial tissue were lower(P<0.05) in the EA+penetration needling group and the conventional EA group. In the conventional EA group, the knee joint effusion was increased, the synovial lining cells were proliferated, the inflammatory cells were infiltrated largely, and the pannus was formed increasingly; the contents of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the synovial tissue were increased when compared with the EA+penetration needling group(P<0.05). Conclusion The EA+penetration needling can significantly relieve the synovial inflammatory reaction and the knee joint effusion in KOA rats. The mechanism is probably related to down-regulating the downstream inflammatory cascade through inhibiting the transduction of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.关键词：Knee osteoarthritis;Electroacupuncture;Penetration needling;Toll-like receptors 4;Myeloid differentiation factor 88;Nuclear factor-kappa B;Synovium109|614|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To compare the effects of moxibustion and scraping of “Yanglingquan”(GB34) and “Xuehai”(SP10) area on changes of bioactive substances in the region of acupoints in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, moxibustion, scraping, and moxibustion + scraping(combination) groups, with 8 rats in each group. The KOA model was established by injecting 50 Euclid SymbolmApL 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the right knee cavity. Fourteen days after modeling, GB34 and SP10 on the right limb were stimulated by moxibustion(10 min) or scraping(till regional flush) once every other day for 7 times. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(PWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) were tested by Von Frey and hot stabbing instrument, separately. The pathological changes of the right knee joint were observed by HE staining. The serotonin(5-HT) contents of skin tissues in the region of acupoint GB34 and SP10 were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of substance P(SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in GB34 and SP10 region skin tissues were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank group, the PWT and TWL of the rats in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.001), while the contents of 5-HT and the expression levels of SP and CGRP in GB34 and SP10 region skin tissues were significantly increased(P<0.001, P<0.01). Following intervention and in comparison the with the model group, the TWL and PWT of rats in the three treatment groups were significantly increased(P<0.01), the content of 5-HT and the expression levels of SP and CGRP in GB34 and SP10 region skin tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.05). Except for the expression levels of CGRP, the above indexes of the combination group were significantly superior to those of the moxibustion and scraping groups(P<0.05, P<0.01). Findings of HE staining showed severe damaged cartilage, few chondrocytes on the surface, with subchondral neovascularization in the model group, which was relatively milder in the moxibustion, scraping, and combination groups. Conclusion Moxibustion and scraping can relieve knee joint pain in KOA rats, which may be associated with its function in down-regulating the expression levels of SP and CGRP, and the content of 5-HT. The therapeutic effect of moxibustion plus scraping is better than that of moxibustion and scraping alone.关键词：Knee osteoarthritis;Moxibustion;Scraping;Substance P;Calcitonin gene-related peptide;Serotonin72|489|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of acupoint injection on serum T helper(Th)1/Th2 related cytokines, and the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) and activator protein-1(AP-1) of nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis(AR) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of AR. Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, non-acupoint injection and acupoint injection groups(n=8 in each group). The AR model was established by ovalbumin sensitization. In the acupoint injection group, “Yintang”(GV24+) and bilateral “Yingxiang”(LI20) were selected for injection of mixture solution of dexamethasone and lidocaine(0.05 mL/acupoint), once every 4 days for a total of 4 times. The non-acupoints, located at the midpoint between the “Houhai” and “Huantiao”(GB30) on the bilateral hips and the sites 5 cm inferior to the axillary were injected with the same dose of mixture solution as that in the acupoint injection group. The AR severity was assessed by cumulative quantification scoring methods(including the numbers of nose-catching and sneezes, and the amount of nasal secretions in 30 min). The pathological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by HE staining. The contents of immunoglobulin E(IgE), interleukin(IL)-4 and interferon(IFN)-γ in serum were detected by ELISA. The expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in nasal mucosa was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of AP-1 in nasal mucosa was detected by Western blot. Results Following modeling, the AR symptom score, serum IgE and IL-4 contents and expression of TLR4, MyD88 and AP-1 of nasal mucosa were significantly increased in the model group than those in the normal group(P<0.01), while the serum IFN-γ content was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group and non-acupoint injection group, the AR symptom score, the serum contents of IgE and IL-4 and the expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and AP-1 in nasal mucosa were significantly decreased in the acupoint injection group(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the serum IFN-γ content was significantly increased(P<0.01). H.E. staining of the nasal mucosa showed that most of the epithelium fell off, the lamina propria vessels expanded, the glands proliferated, and eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated in the model and non-acupoint injection groups, and those were significantly improved in the acupoint injection group. Conclusion Acupoint injection can effectively improve allergic inflammation of the nose in AR rats, which may be related with its function in inhibiting the abnormal activation of TLR4/AP-1 signaling pathway and regulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2.关键词：Allergic rhinitis;Acupoint injection;Toll-like receptor 4/activator protein-1 pathway;Th1/Th2 cytokines80|444|5更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) combined with acellular nerve allograft(ANA) on the morphological structure of spinal ganglion cells and the protein expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) and phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt) in rats with sciatic nerve injury(SNI), so as to explore the protective mechanism of EA combined with ANA on spinal ganglia. Methods SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, single ANA bridging(bridging) and EA + ANA(combination) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The SNI rat model was established by right sciatic nerve transection. Rats in the bridging group were bridged with ANA to the two broken ends of injured sciatic nerves. Rats in the combination group were treated with EA at “Yanglingquan”(GB34) and “Huantiao”(GB30) 2 d after ANA bridging, with dilatational wave, frequency of 1 Hz/20 Hz, intensity of 1 mA, 15 min/d, 7 d as a course of treatment for 4 consecutive courses. Sciatic function index(SFI) was observed by footprint test. Wet weight ratio of tibialis anterior muscle was calculated after weighing. Morphology of rat spinal ganglion cells was observed after Nissl staining. The protein expressions of NGF and p-Akt were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the SFI and wet weight ratio of tibialis anterior muscle were significantly decreased(P<0.05), the number of Nissl bodies in spinal ganglion cells was significantly reduced(P<0.05) with dissolution and incomplete structure, the protein expressions of NGF and p-Akt in ganglion cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the model group. Following the interventions and in comparison with the model group, the SFI and the wet weight ratio of tibialis anterior muscle were significantly increased(P<0.05), the damage of Nissl bodies in ganglion cells was reduced and the number was obviously increased(P<0.05), and the protein expressions of NGF and p-Akt in ganglion cells were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the bridging and combination groups. Compared with the bridging group, the SFI and the wet weight ratio of tibialis anterior muscle were increased(P<0.05), the morphology of Nissl bodies in ganglion cells was more regular and the number was increased(P<0.05), the protein expressions of NGF and p-Akt in spinal ganglion cells were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the combination group. Conclusion EA combined with ANA can improve the SFI and the wet weight ratio of tibialis anterior muscle in SNI rats, improve the morphology and structure of Nissl bodies in spinal ganglion cells, and increase the protein expressions of NGF and p-Akt in spinal ganglion, so as to play a protective role on spinal ganglia.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Acellular nerve allografts;Sciatic nerve injury;Spinal ganglion;Nerve growth factor;Phosphorylated protein kinase B62|150|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on ovarian function and expression of glutathione(GSH) related regulatory enzymes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(γ-GCS), glutathione reductase(GR) protein and gene in rats with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying up-regulation of antioxidant stress ability. Methods A total of 30 female SD rats with normal estrous cycle were randomly divided into blank control, model and EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. The DOR model was established by gavage of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside suspension(50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)·d(-1)) for 14 consecutive days, while the rats in the blank group were given equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. One hour after daily gavage, EA(1.0 mA, 100 Hz) was applied alternately to bilateral “Shenshu”(BL23), and “Zhongwan”(CV12)+“Guanyuan”(CV4) for 10 min, for 14 consecutive days. Estrous cycles of rats in each group were observed and recorded daily during intervention.After the intervention, H.E.staining was used to observe histopathological changes of the ovarian tissue. The contents of serum sex hormones [follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), anti-mullerian hormone(AMH), estradiol(E_2)] and oxidative damage markers [8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHDG) and nitrotyrosine(NTY)] were determined by ELISA. The contents of GSH and oxidized glutathione(GSSG) in the liver tissue were determined by colorimetry, and their ratios were calculated. Immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the immunoactivity and gene expression levels of γ-GCS and GR in the ovarian tissues, respectively. Results Compared with the blank group, the model group had a marked increase in the disorder rate of estrous cycle, serum FSH, 8-OHDG and NTY contents(P<0.01) and a considerable decrease in the levels of serum AMH and E_2, liver GSH and GSSG contents and GSH/GSSG ratio, ovarian optical density and cell number as well as the expression of γ-GCS and GR mRNAs(P<0.05, P<0.01). After EA intervention, the increase of the disorder rate of estrous cycle, serum FSH, 8-OHDG and NTY contents and the decrease of serum AMH and E_2, liver GSH and GSSG contents and GSH/GSSG ratio, ovarian optical density and cell number of γ-GCS and GR as well as the expression of γ-GCS genes were all reversed(P<0.01, P<0.05). H.E. staining showed degenerative changes of the ovarian tissue, fewer follicles at every level and increase of atretic follicles, disarrangement and layer number decrease of granulosa cells, and atrophy of corpus luteum in the model group, which were relatively milder in the EA group. Conclusion EA can improve ovarian function, and reduce oxidative stress damage in DOR rats, which may be associated with its functions in up-regulating the expression of γ-GCS and GR protein and gene in the ovarian tissue.关键词：Diminished ovarian reserve;Electroacupuncture;γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase;Glutathione reductase;Oxidative stress70|296|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To investigate the location and anatomical structure of “Shaochong”(HT9), “Shaofu”(HT8), “Shenmen”(HT7), “Lingdao”(HT4) and “Shaohai”(HT3) in the rabbit's forelimb. Methods Sixteen rabbits(half male and half female) were used in the present study. By referring to the national standards on the location of acupoints in the human body and the literature about the location of acupoints in the rabbit, and by using the method of comparative anatomy, the location and needling operation of the Five-shu acupoints of Shaoyin Heart Meridian on the rabbit's forelimb were defined, and these acupoints were needled and CT three-dimensional reconstruction were conducted. Then, the rabbits were killed, and intravascular perfusion was performed, followed by inserting acupuncture needles into these five acupoints for observing the anatomical relationship between the inserted acupuncture needle and the structure of surrounding tissues. Results HT9 is located at the medial side of the little finger of forelimb, about 1 mm beside the nail root, and is adjacent to the superficial flexor tendon of the finger, the dorsal branches of the proper palmar digital artery and vein, and the endings of dorsal branch of palmar digital proper nerve of the ulnar nerve on the fifth finger side. HT8 is located at the palm side of the forelimb, horizontally parallel to the proximal end of the 5th metacarpophalangeal joint and between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones, and is adjacent to the lumbricalis, the 4th and 5th interossei, and common palmar digital artery and vein and the palmar digital proper nerve of the ulnar nerve. HT7 is located at the medial margin of the extensor carpal tendon on the ulnar side, between the distal end of the ulna and the ulnar carpal bone, and is adjacent to the tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris, ulnar artery, ulnar vein and ulnar nerve. HT4 is located at the medial border of the ulnar flexor tendon, about 1.5 cun superior to HT7, and is adjacent to extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, ulnar artery, vein and ulnar nerve. HT3 is located at the depression, medial to the condyle of humerus when the elbow is bent at 90°, its neighbor structure is composed of pronator teres, biceps brachii, brachial artery and vein, radial collateral artery, radial collateral vein, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and median nerve. Conclusion In the rabbit, there is a close relationship between HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 regions and brachial vascular and its branches, cephalic vein and its branches, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve, which is the morphological basis of the Five-shu acupoints of Shaoyin Heart Meridian for treating some related clinical disorders.关键词：Five-shu point;Forelimb Shaoyin Meridian;Anatomical structure;CT three-dimensional reconstruction;Rabbit61|85|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on ovarian reaction, egg and embryo quality, as well as pregnancy rate in poor ovarian response(POR) patients of kidney essence deficiency and undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET). Methods Ninety-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an EA group and a control group, with 48 cases in each group. Before IVF-ET, the patients in the EA group received EA, once daily, 2 or 3 treatments a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score and clinical pregnancy rate were assessed in two groups. The concentrations of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinsing hormone, estradiol, progesterone and anti-mullerian hormone were detected by chemiluminescence; the contents of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, serum inhibin B(INHB) and Kisspeptin in follicular fluid were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); the antral follicle counting(AFC) was detected by color Doppler ultrasonography; and the egg and embryo conditions were observed under microscope. Fourteen days after embryo transfer, the positive rate of serum hemchoriconic gonadotropin(HCG) and clinical pregnancy rate were calculated. Results After the treatment, the TCM syndrome score and level of serum FSH were reduced(P<0.05); the INHB in serum and AFC were increased(P<0.05) when compared with those before the treatment in the EA group. After the treatment, in comparison with the control group, the TCM syndrome score and level of serum FSH were lower(P<0.05); and the contents of serum INHB, AFC, the numbers of MⅡ eggs and high-quality embryos, as well as serum HCG positive rate were all increased(P<0.05) in the EA group. Conclusion EA can relieve the clinical symptoms of TCM in POR patients of kidney essence deficiency and undergoing IVF-ET, increase the ovarian reserve, reduce the serum FSH level, and improve the content of serum INHB, and the quality of eggs and embryos. This therapy tends to improve the clinical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy outcome.关键词：Electroacupuncture;In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer;Kidney essence deficiency;Poor ovarian response;Pregnancy outcome105|202|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective To observe the correlation between the thickness of superficial fascia at Dazhui(GV14) acupoint and cervical spondylosis, so as to explore the essence of its morphological and structural changes of acupoint sensitivity. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. According to the diagnostic criteria of “Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Cervical Spondylosis”(2017), 344 cases of cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examination were included and divided into control group(73 cases) and observation group(271 cases). The control group was healthy population, and the observation group was patients with cervical spondylosis conforming to the diagnostic criteria, including cervical spondylosis of neck type, cervical spondylosis radiculopathy, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type, and sympathetic cervical spondylosis. According to MRI images of cervical spine, the structure of GV14 acupoint including skin, superficial fascia layer and aponeurosis ligament layer were measured. Results The acupoint depth and the superficial fascia thickness at GV14 in the observation group were(56.6±8.8) mm and(22.8±7.6) mm, the acupoint depth and the superficial fascia thickness at GV14 were(49.8±7.0) mm and(16.6±6.6)mm in the control group, which were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01). The superficial fascia thickness at GV14 of cervical spondylotic mye-lopathy, cervical spondylosis of neck type and cervical spondylosis radiculopathy in the observation group was(23.8±8.1)mm,(23.0±7.3)mm and(22.6±6.5)mm, the acupoint depth of GV14 was(58.7±8.8)mm,(56.2±9.1)mm and(55.8±6.4)mm, which were significantly thicker than the superficial fascia thickness and the acupoint depth in the control group(P<0.01). In the observation group, the superficial fascia thickness of GV14 of cervical spondylosis myelopathy was significantly thicker than those of sympathetic cervical spondylosis(17.8±8.1) mm and cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(19.9±5.9) mm(P<0.01, P<0.05). In the observation group, the depth of GV14 of cervical spondylosis myelopathy was thicker than that of cervical spondylosis of neck type, cervical spondylosis radiculopathy, sympathetic cervical spondylosis and cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(P<0.05,P<0.01); the depth of GV14 of sympathetic cervical spondylosis was thinner than that of cervical spondylosis of neck type and cervical spondylosis radiculopathy(P<0.01). Conclusion The superficial fascia thickness at GV14 was correlated with cervical spondylosis, and it is also related to cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical spondylosis of neck type and cervical spondylosis radiculopathy. The morphological and structural changes of GV14 in the state of cervical spondylosis were mainly the thickness of the superficial fascia.关键词：Acupoint sensitization;Dazhui(GV14);Cervical spondylosis;Magnetic resonance imaging;Retrospective study80|587|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Reasonable and standard application of sham acupuncture control is the key to determine the quality of acupuncture clinical trials, and is also a difficult problem faced by acupuncture clinical research. The UK National Institute for Health Research and the Medical Research Council jointly published the Applying Surgical Placebo in Randomised Evaluation(ASPIRE) guidelines on the application of placebo surgical operation in randomized evaluation, which includes 4 parts: rationale and ethics, design, conduct, and interpretation and translation, providing comprehensive guidance for the application of placebo controls in surgical trials. As an operational intervention, acupuncture is similar to surgery, so, ASPIRE guidelines can also provide certain guidance for the application of sham acupuncture. In the present paper, we introduce the ASPIRE guidelines, and put forward its enlightenment and reference to the application of sham acupuncture control in combination with retrospecting the current situations of sham acupuncture research. We hold that future studies should strengthen the consideration of the rationality and ethics of sham acupuncture, standardize the design of sham acupuncture control, and convey the information related to sham acupuncture to patients with appropriate descriptions.关键词：Acupuncture;Sham acupuncture control;ASPIRE guidelines;Placebo control;Clinical research68|249|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：As an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine treatment system, acupuncture therapy has been used in the treatment of slow transit constipation(STC) for a long time and has achieved good clinical effects. This article reviews research on the effects of acupuncture therapy on STC published in recent years, focusing on the mechanism of acupuncture on the enteric nervous system, neurotransmitters, interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, gastrointestinal motility, psychological factors and intestinal microecology of STC, in order to provide reference for the clinical application and mechanism research of acupuncture in the treatment of STC in the future.关键词：Slow transit constipation;Acupuncture;Mechanism;Review108|770|2更新时间：2023-08-11
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