最新刊期
卷 48 ， 期 5 ， 2023
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion(Moxi) on the expressions of inflammatory factors and M1/M2 polarization in colonic mucosal macrophages in Crohn's disease(CD) rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of CD. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, Moxi and medication groups(n=10). The CD model was established by enema of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) solution(5%TNBS∶50% alcohol=2∶1, 3 mL/kg), once every 7 days, 4 times altogether. For rats of the Moxi group, cake-partitioned moxibustion was given to “Tianshu”(ST25) and “Qihai”(CV6), two moxa-cones for each acupoint every time, once daily for 10 days. For rats of the medication group, intragastric perfusion of mesalazine solution was given twice daily for 10 days. After the treatment, the colonic mucosa tissue was sampled, and the macrophages were isolated, purified and cultured. The pathological changes of colon tissues were observed by H.E. staining. The ultrastructure of colon tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of α7nAChR, NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in colon mucosal macrophages were detected by Western blot. The number of M1 and M2 macrophages in colon mucosa was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay. Results Compared with the normal group, the colon tissue of rats presented huge ulceration and inflammatory manifestations, the junction of colon epithelial cells was loose, the structure of organelles was damaged; the expression level of α7nAChR in macrophages of colon mucosa was significantly decreased(P<0.01), while the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α, and the number of M1 and M2 macrophages were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the morphology and structure of colon mucosa tissues of rats in Moxi and medication groups were improved; the expression level of α7nAChR, the number of M2 macrophage in colon mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α, and the number of M1 macrophage were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in both the Moxi and medication groups. Conclusion Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion may inhibit NF-κB activation by up-regulating the expression level of α7nAChR to promote the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 type, and reduce the proportion of M1 macrophages, inhibit the expression of TNF-α in colonic mucosa of CD rats, so as to relieve the intestinal inflammation.关键词：Crohn's disease;Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion;Macrophage;M1/M2 polarization;Inflammation factors157|25|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture on the expression of type Ⅲ phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase(PI3K) and Beclin-1 in hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CI/RI), so as to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating type Ⅲ PI3K pathway to activate autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of CI/RI rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=11) and operation group. Then after successful modeling, rats in the operation group were randomly divided into model, acupuncture, model+3-MA and acupuncture+3-MA groups, with 11 rats in each group. The model of CI/RI was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Rats in the model+3-MA and acupuncture+3-MA groups were injected with 3-MA(400 nmol/5 SymbolmApL) 5 SymbolmApL into the lateral ventricle 30 min before reperfusion. Rats in the acupuncture and acupuncture+3-MA groups were punctured with filiform needles at “Dazhui”(GV14), “Shuigou”(GV26) and “Baihui”(GV20) and stimulated manually once every 15 min. The acupuncture intervention was conducted for 30 min each time, once every 12 h for a total of 7 times. The degree of neurological impairment was evaluated 2 h after reperfusion and after intervention by Garcia score. After intervention, the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was observed by TTC staining, the protein expression levels of type Ⅲ PI3K, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B), lysosome associated membrane protein 2(Lamp2) and P62 in ischemic hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blot, the ultrastructure of neurons in ischemic hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results Compared with the sham operation group, the Garcia score was decreased(P<0.01), the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was increased(P<0.01), the expression levels of type Ⅲ PI3K, Beclin-1, LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Lamp2 proteins were decreased(P<0.01), and the expression level of P62 protein was increased(P<0.01) in ischemic hippocampal tissue in the model group. Compared with the model group, the Garcia score was increased(P<0.01), the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was decreased(P<0.01), the expression levels of type Ⅲ PI3K, Beclin-1, LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Lamp2 proteins were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) and the expression level of P62 was decreased(P<0.01) in ischemic hippocampal tissue in the acupuncture group; the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was increased(P<0.05), the expressions of type Ⅲ PI3K and Beclin-1 were decreased(P<0.01) and the expression level of P62 protein was increased(P<0.05) in ischemic hippocampal tissue in the mo-del+3-MA group. Compared with the model +3-MA group, the Garcia score was increased(P<0.05), the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was decreased(P<0.01), the expression levels of type Ⅲ PI3K, Beclin-1, LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ in ischemic hippo-campal tissue were increased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the acupuncture+3-MA group. Compared with the acupuncture group, the Garcia score was decreased, the percentage of cerebral ischemic area was increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), the expression levels of type Ⅲ PI3K, Beclin-1, Lamp2 proteins were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05) and P62 protein was increased(P<0.05) in ischemic hippocampal tissue in the acupuncture+3-MA group. The results of TEM showed that the edema of neurons was heavier, and few hypolysosomes existed in the model group; there was no obvious damage to neuronal structure, intracellular matrix was abundant, and a few lysosomes existed in the acupuncture group; the neuronal cells had mild edema and primary lysosomes were present in the acupuncture +3-MA group. Conclusion Acupuncture can improve the symptoms of neurological impairment and reduce the percentage of cerebral ischemic area in rats with CI/RI. The mechanism may be related to regulating type Ⅲ PI3K/Beclin-1 pathway, up-regulating the expressions of autophagy related factors LC3B-Ⅱ and Lamp2, and down-regulating the expression of P62.关键词：Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury;Acupuncture;Autophagy;Type Ⅲ phosphatidylinositol 3-hydrorykinase/Beclin-1 signaling156|21|3更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on pain-ralated behaviors, morphology of hippocampus, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1) in dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the hippocampus, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in hippocampus of rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA), so as to explore the mechanism of EA in improving chronic pain of KOA. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, saline group, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. Monosodium iodoacetate(MIA, 80 mg/mL, 50 SymbolmApL) was injected into the left knee joint cavity of rats in the model group and EA group to establish the chronic pain model of KOA, while the same volume of normal saline was injected into the left knee joint cavity of rats in the saline group. Rats in the EA group received EA stimulation(2 Hz/100 Hz, 1-2 mA) at left “Yanglingquan”(GB34) and “Neixiyan”(EX-LE4) for 15 min, 14 d after MIA injection. The treatment was given once daily, 5 d as 1 session and 2 sessions of treatment were required. Methanical withdrawl threshold(MWT) and weight-bearing capacity tests on left hind limbs were carried out 1 d before, 7 d, 14 d, 20 d and 26 d after MIA injection. At the 27(th) day, rats were sacrificed and HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal CA1 area. Concentrations of interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the left L3-L5 spinal dorsal horn and hippocampal CA1 area were detected by ELISA, the expressions of Iba-1 in the spinal dorsal horn and hippo-campal CA1 area were detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of BDNF in left hippocampal CA1 area was detected by Western blot. Results The HE staining results of the hippocampal CA1 area showed reduced number of neurons, unclear cell contour and boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm, and nuclear pyknosis in the model group, which was relatively milder in the EA group. Compared with the blank group, MWT and weight-bearing capacity of rats' left hind limbs, and expression of BDNF protein in hippocampal CA1 area were significantly decreased(P<0.01), while the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α, the expression of Iba-1 in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampal CA1 area were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, MWT and weight-bearing capacity of rats' left hind limbs, and protein expression of BDNF in hippocampal CA1 area were significantly increased(P<0.01), while the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression of Iba-1 protein in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampal CA1 area were significantly decreased after EA intervention(P<0.01). Conclusion EA at GB34 and EX-LE4 can alleviate the pain-related behaviors of KOA rats. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction mediated by microglia in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression in hippocampus.关键词：Knee osteoarthritis;Electroacupuncture;Pain;Spinal dorsal horn;Hippocampus;Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1163|22|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of heat-reinforcing needling(HRN) on inflammatory factors and necrotizing apoptosis of synovial cells in synovial tissues of knee joint in rabbits with cold syndrome rheumatoid arthritis(RA), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in treating RA. Methods By using the random number table method, 40 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal, model, antagonist(AG), twist-reinforceing needling(TRN) and HRN groups, with 8 rabbits in each group. The model of cold syndrome RA was established by ovalbumin induction combined with Freund's complete adjuvant injection and cryogenic freezing method. In the AG group, the antagonist TAK-632(25 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically, once every 2 days, for a total of 7 times. Rabbits of TRN and HRN groups were treated with corresponding acupuncture techniques on bilateral “Zusanli”(ST36) for 30 min, once a day for 14 days. After intervention, the changes of knee skin temperature and circumference were measured. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the joint cavity effusion, synovial thickness and internal blood flow signal. The histomorphological changes of synovial tissues were observed after HE staining. ELISA was used to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure, necrosis and apoptosis of synovial cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase1(RIPK1), RIPK3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL), and phosphorylation(p)-MLKL in synovial tissues. Results Compared with the normal group, the synovial was diffusely hyperplasia, joint cavity effusion and abnormal blood flow signal were obvious, inflammatory cells were clustered, arranged closely and disordered in the model group. The findings of transmission electron microscopy showed disruption of cell membrane integrity, swollen or ruptured mitochondria, obviously ruptured nucleus, condensed and pyknotic chromatin and nucleolus in the model group. Also, the skin temperature of the knee joint was significantly decreased(P<0.01), while the circumference of the knee joint, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum, the protein expressions of RIPK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL and MLKL in synovial tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, synovial tissue hyperplasia, joint cavity effusion, abnormal blood flow signals, synovial cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, disruption of cell membrane integrity, cell swelling, cell rupture, and nuclear pyknosis were reduced to different degrees in the AG, TRN and HRN groups. Additionally, the skin temperature of the knee joint was increased(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the circumference of the knee joint, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum, the expressions of RIPK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL and MLKL in synovial tissues were decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in the AG, TRN and HRN groups. The effects of HRN and AG were notably superior to that of TRN in up-regulating skin temperature of the knee joint, and down-regulating the circumference of the knee joint, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum, the expressions of RIPK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL and MLKL in synovial tissues(P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion HRN can reduce synovial inflammation of knee joint in rabbits with cold syndrome RA, which may be related to its function in inhibiting the necrotizing apoptosis of synovial cells.关键词：Rheumatoid arthritis;heat-reinforcing needling;Synovial inflammatory reaction;Necrotizing apoptosis129|15|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of mustard oil application at “Liangmen”(ST21) on gastric ulcer(GU) and gastric motility and its association with the sympathetic nerve activity in rats with GU, so as to provide experimental basis for improvement of GU by acupoint application. Methods Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into control(n=7), model, acupoint application(AA), medication(guanethidine, an adrenergic sympathetic antagonist) and AA+medication groups(n=8 in each of the latter 4 groups). The GU model was made by applying acetic acid-immersed filter paper onto the gastric antrum. For rats of the AA and AA+medication groups, 50% mustard oil was applied to left ST21 for 10 min, once a day, for 9 consecutive days. Rats of the medication and AA+medication groups received intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine solution(40 mg/kg) beginning from the modeling day on, once a day for 10 consecutive days. The rat's body weight of each group was recorded on the 0(th),1(th),1(st),3(st),3(rd),7(rd),7(th) and 9(th) and 9(th) day. The intragastric peristaltic wave frequency and the myoelectrical activity(frequency of slow waves, and integration of fast waves) of the gastric smooth muscle were recorded by using PowerLab data acquisition system. The gastric ulcer area was measured after the rats were executed, and histopathological changes of gastric antrum tissues(histopathological score including epithelial cell injury, submucosal edema, hemorrhagic injury, inflammatory cell infiltration score) were observed after H.E. staining. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves and slow wave frequency of gastric smooth muscle were significantly decreased(P<0.001, P<0.05), while the ulcer area, total histopathological score, epithelial cell injury score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.001). Relevant to the model group, the AA group had a significant increase in the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves, slow wave frequency, integration of fast waves(P<0.05, P<0.001), and a considerable decrease in the ulcer area, total histopathological score, epithelial cell injury score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score(P<0.05,P<0.001), and the medication group has a significantly decrease in the frequency of gastric peristaltic waves(P<0.05). In comparison with the AA group, the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves and slow wave frequency of gastric smooth muscle in both medication and AA+medication groups, and the integration of fast waves in the medication group were obviously lower(P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01), whereas the levels of ulcer area, total pathological score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score in both medication and AA+medication groups, and the epithelial cell injury score in medication group were significantly higher(P<0.05, P<0.001). Conclusion Application of mustard oil at acupoint ST21 can effectively remit GU caused by acetic acid and regulate gastric rhythmic contraction, which was mediated by sympathetic nerve.关键词：Acupoint application;Liangmen(ST21);Gastric ulcer;Gastric rhythmic contraction;Sympathetic nerve129|10|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of acupotomy intervention on the expressions of biglycan(BGN), decorin(DCN) and Caspase-3 in lumbar intervertebral disc of rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(LIDD), so as to explore its possible mechanism in relieving LIDD. Methods Thirty male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into normal, model and acupotomy groups, with 10 rabbits in each group. The LIDD model was established by axial compression method, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to judge whether the model was successful or not. After modeling, the acupotomy was applied to lumbar(L)4—L5 spinous process space and bilateral transverse processes for loosening, twice a week for 4 weeks. The structural changes of L4—L5 intervertebral disc were observed by MRI. The morphological changes of lumbar spine were observed by HE staining. The expression of Caspase-3 in nucleus pulposus was observed by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expressions of DCN and BGN in intervertebral disc were detected by Western blot, separatively. Results After mode-ling, the rabbits showed slow movement, stiff back muscles with cords or nodules, the fibrous ring structure of lumbar intervertebral disc was disordered, the number of nucleus pulposus cells was reduced, and the signal intensity of L4—L5 intervertebral disc was decreased in the model group relevant to the normal group. At the same time, the expression of Caspase-3 in nucleus pulposus was increased significantly(P<0.05), and the expression levels of DCN and BGN in intervertebral disc were decreased significantly(P<0.05). After acupotomy treatment, the modeling induced slow movement, stiff back muscles and disordered structure of lumbar intervertebral disc were significantly improved. The number of nucleus pulposus cells was increased, the signal intensity of L4—L5 intervertebral disc was enhanced, the expression of Caspase-3 in nucleus pulposus was decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the expression levels of DCN and BGN in intervertebral disc were increased significantly(P<0.05) compared with the model group. Conclusion Acupotomy intervention can inhibit cell apoptosis, reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix in nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc, and restore the normal force balance and dynamic balance of lumbar spine, which may be one of its mechanisms underlying improving LIDD.关键词：Acupotomy;Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration;Biglycan;Decorin;Caspase-3116|17|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To explore the role of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase(HO-1) signal pathway in electroacupuncture(EA) induced improvement of acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) and its relationship with ferroptosis in rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation, model, EA and EA+ML385(inhibitor of Nrf2) groups(n=8). The rat model of AMI was established by ligating the descending anterior branch of the left coronary artery. EA(2 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to bilateral “Shenmen”(HT7) and “Tongli”(HT5) for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. The electrocardiogram(ECG) of standard Ⅱ(ECG ST) lead and heart rate(HR) in each group was recorded and analyzed before and after modeling and after treatment by using PowerLab physiological recorder system. Histopathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by H.E. staining, and the ultrastructure of myocardiocytes of cardiac apical tissue was observed under transmission electron microscope. The contents of Fe(2+) and glutathione(GSH) in the myocardial tissue were measured by chromato-metry. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), ferritin heavy chain polypeptide 1(FTH1) and long chain acyl CoA synthase 4(ACSL4) in the myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the HR, ECG ST, Fe(2+) and glutathione(GSH) in the myocardial tissue were measured by chromato-metry. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), ferritin heavy chain polypeptide 1(FTH1) and long chain acyl CoA synthase 4(ACSL4) in the myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the HR, ECG ST, Fe(2+) content, expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, FTH1 and ACSL4 proteins in myocardial tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01), while GSH content and GPX4 protein expression considerably decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, both EA and EA+ML385 groups had an obvious decrease in HR, Fe(2+) content, expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, FTH1 and ACSL4 proteins in myocardial tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01), while GSH content and GPX4 protein expression considerably decreased(P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, both EA and EA+ML385 groups had an obvious decrease in HR, Fe(2+) content, and ACSL4 levels(P<0.01), and an increase in the expression levels of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins(P<0.01), EA(rather than EA+ML385) effectively down-regulated ECG ST, and up-regulated GSH, Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01), whereas EA+ML385 apparently down-regulated expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01). It shows that ML385 pronouncedly weaken the effects of EA in slowing down ECG ST and HR, down-regulating Fe(2+) content, and ACSL4 levels(P<0.01), and an increase in the expression levels of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins(P<0.01), EA(rather than EA+ML385) effectively down-regulated ECG ST, and up-regulated GSH, Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01), whereas EA+ML385 apparently down-regulated expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01). It shows that ML385 pronouncedly weaken the effects of EA in slowing down ECG ST and HR, down-regulating Fe(2+) content and ACSL4 expression(P<0.01), up-regulating GSH content, Nrf2, HO-1, GPX4 and FTH1 expressions(P<0.01). H.E. staining showed disordered arrangement and hyperplasia of myocardiocytes, enlarged myocardial fiber gap, agglomerated and deeply stained myoplasma, and some broken myocardial fibers with irregular mass and local tissue fibrosis in the model group, which was relatively milder in both EA and EA+ML385 groups. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed decreased mitochondrial atrophy, increased membrane density, and disappearance or reduction of cristae in myocardial cells, which was improved in the EA group. Conclusion EA of HT7 and HT5 has a protective effect on ischemic myocardium in rats, which may be related to its effects in reducing oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting “iron death” of myocardial cells.关键词：Myocardial ischemia;Electroacupuncture;Ferroptosis;Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase signaling148|29|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) in the spinal cord of rats with primary dysmenoramia(PDM), so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA treating PDM. Methods Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. The PDM rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin into the thigh. At the same time of modeling, rats in the EA group were treated with EA(50 Hz) at “Sanyinjiao”(SP36) and “Guanyuan”(CV4) once daily, 20 min each time, for 10 consecutive days. The writhing times, writhing score and writhing latency were observed within 30 min after oxytocin injection. The uterine pathological morphology was observed by HE staining, and pathological score was calculated. Serum prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were determined by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK in spinal cord were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the writhing times and writhing score were significantly increased(P<0.05); the endometrial epithelial cells showed vacuolar degeneration, death and hyperemia, the uterine pathological score was increased(P<0.05); the content of serum PGF2α and the ratio of PGF2α/PGE2 were significantly increased(P<0.01), while the content of serum PGE2 was significantly decreased(P<0.01); the expression levels of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK in spinal cord were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the writhing times and writhing score were significantly decreased(P<0.05), the writhing latency was prolonged(P<0.05); the endometrial epithelial cells still showed vacuolar degeneration, death and hyperemia, and the uterine pathological score was decreased(P<0.01); the content of serum PGF2α and the ratio of PGF2α/PGE2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01), while the content of serum PGE2 was significantly increased(P<0.01); the protein expression levels of ERK1/2 and JNK in spinal cord were significantly decreased(P<0.01) in the EA group. Conclusion EA intervention at SP36 and GV4 has obvious analgesic effect on PDM rats, and its mechanisms may be related to reducing serum prostaglandin, alleviating uterine inflammation, and inhibiting the protein expressions of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK in spinal cord.关键词：Primary dysmenorrhea;Electroacupuncture;N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor;Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2;p38 mitogen activated protein kinase;c-jun N-terminal kinase130|14|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on neurological function, the expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun amino terminal kinase(p-JNK) and Beclin-1 in rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI), so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA in the treatment of TBI. Methods A total of 64 SD rats were randomly divided into blank, sham, modeling groups, with 8 rats in the blank group and the sham group and 48 rats in the modeling group. The modified Feeney free-fall impact method was used to establish the TBI rat model. After modeling, rats of the modeling group were randomly divided into model and EA groups, which were further divided into 3 d, 7 d and 14 d subgroups with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the EA group were treated with acupuncture at “Baihui”(GV20, retained for 15 min), “Shuigou”(GV26, stabbed for 20 s), “Neiguan”(PC6) and “Zusanli”(ST36) of the right side. EA(2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to PC6 and ST36 for 15 min. The above treatments were performed once a day, and different subgroups were continuously stimulated for 3, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The neurological impairment was evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS). The pathological morphological changes and the protein expressions of p-JNK and Beclin-1 in the injured area of the brain were detected by Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry, separately. Results After modeling, the mNSS and the protein expressions of p-JNK and Beclin-1 were increased(P< 0.05) on day 3, 7 and 14 in the model group relative to the sham group. The Nissl bodies were reduced or even dissolved and neurons were seriously damaged in the model group on the 3rd day, which were mildly repaired on day 7 and 14. Following acupuncture interventions, compared with the model group, the mNSS on day 7 and 14 and the protein expressions of p-JNK and Beclin-1 on day 3, 7 and 14 were decreased(P< 0.05)in the EA group. The status of Nissl bodies and neurons in the EA group was better at all time points than that in the model group. There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the blank group and the sham group. Conclusion EA can significantly improve the neurological function of TBI model rats, which may be related to its effects in down-regulating the protein expressions of p-JNK and Beclin-1 in the injured area of the brain.关键词：Traumatic brain injury;Electroacupuncture;Neural function;Autophagy;c-Jun amino terminal kinase;Beclin-1137|20|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) at different times on the stress response during anesthesia and operation in the patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery. Methods A total of 94 patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery were randomly assigned to preoperative TEAS group(32 cases), intraoperative TEAS group(31 cases) and sham-TEAS group(31 cases). The same anesthetic method was used in the patients of 3 groups. Four electrodes were attached to the bilateral Hegu(LI4) and Neiguan(PC6) and connected to the electronic acupuncture instrument when patients entered the operation room. In the preoperative TEAS group, the patients received TEAS(10 to 20 mA) for 30 min before the anesthetic induction. TEAS(15 mA) was provided immediately when the operation starts till the end of ope-ration for the patients of the intraoperative TEAS group. In the sham-TEAS group, the electronic acupuncture instrument was switched on during the whole procedure of operation, but no electric current was output. Separately, at the moment of entering the operation room(T_0), before endotracheal intubation(T_1), at the time of endotracheal intubation(T_2), 10 min after skin resection(T_3), at the end of surgery(T_4), recovery from anesthesia(T_5) and at the time of extubation(T_6), the heart rate(HR) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were recorded. Using ELISA, the concentrations of epinephrine(E), norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA), cortisol(Cor) in serum were assayed at T_0, T_3, and T_4; and blood glucose was tested with blood sugar paper at the same time points. Results Compared with T_0 of the same group, HR was increased at T_2 and decreased at T_3 of the patients in the sham-TEAS group and the intraoperative TEAS group(P<0.05). Compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, HR was decreased at T_2 and increased at T_3 of the patients in the preoperative TEAS group(P<0.05), and it was decreased at T_6 of patients in the intraoperation TEAS group(P<0.05). HR was reduced at T_2 in the preoperative TEAS group when compared with the intraoperative TEAS group. Compared with T_0 of the same group, MAP was elevated at T_2 and reduced at T_3 and T_4 in the sham-TEAS group(P<0.05); it decreased at T_3, T_4 and T_5 in the preoperative TEAS group(P<0.05); it rose at T_2 and was reduced at T_3, T_4 and T_5 in the intraoperative TEAS group(P<0.05). When compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, MAP decreased at T_2 in the preoperative TEAS group(P<0.05), and at T_6 in the intraoperative TEAS group(P<0.05). MAP was reduced at T_2 and elevated at T_6 in the preoperative TEAS group in comparison with the intraoperative TEAS group(P<0.05) at the same time points. Compared with T_0 of the same group, the contents of E was increased at T_3 in the sham-TEAS group and the intraoperative TEAS group(P<0.05); it was increased in all of the three groups at T_4(P<0.05); the contents of NE, DA, Cor and the blood glucose were increased at T_4 in the sham-TEAS group(P<0.05). Compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, the contents of E, DA at T_3 and T_4 and Cor at T_3 in serum of the preoperative TEAS group were decreased(P<0.05); and the contents of E, NE, DA and Cor at T_4 in the intraoperative TEAS group were decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion TEAS-assisted general anesthesia can better maintain the stability of HR and MAP during anesthesia and operation in patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery, and reduce surgical stress response.关键词：Lumbar surgery;Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation;Assisted anesthesia;Stress response145|19|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on the contents of leukotriene B4(LTB4), interleukin-17(IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in serum, and explore the protection mechanisms of moxibustion in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods A total of 64 patients with RA were randomly divided into treatment group(n=31) and control group(n=33). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional medication for consecutive 5 weeks. Based on the treatment in the control group, the patients in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion at bilateral Shenshu(BL23), Zusanli(ST36) and Ashi points, 3 times a week, for consecutive 5 weeks. Separately, the visual analogue scale(VAS) score, morning stiffness score, the number of tender joints, the number of swollen joints, the score of the disease activity score of 28 joints(DAS28) were observed; the contents of rheumatoid factor(RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reative protein(CRP) in serum were determined by biochemical method; and the contents of LTB4, IL-17, TNF-α and MMP-9 in serum were detected by using ELISA before and after treatment in the patients of both groups. Results After treatment, VAS score, morning stiffness score, the number of tender joints, the number of swollen joints, DAS28 score, the contents of serum RF in both groups, and contents of serum CRP, ESR, LTB4, IL-17, TNF-α and MMP-9 in the treatment group were significantly reduced when compared with those before treatment(P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment, VAS score, morning stiffness score, the number of tender joints, the number of swollen joints, DAS28 score, and the levels of LTB4, IL-17 and MMP-9 in serum were obviously lower in the treatment group when compared with the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05). In the treatment group, the changes before and after treatment in the levels of LTB4, IL-17 and TNF-α were positively correlated with that of MMP-9(P<0.05, r>0). Conclusion Moxibustion at BL23 and ST36 combined with conventional medication significantly relieves joint pain and reduce disease activity in RA patients, which may be related to the modulation of LTB4, IL-17 and MMP-9 by moxibustion.关键词：Moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;Leukotriene B4;Interleukin-17;Tumor necrosis factor-α;Matrix metalloproteinase-9146|17|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To observe the clinical effect and advantages of dynamic and static acupuncture method combined with manual reduction on posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(PC-BPPV). Methods Ninety patients with PC-BPPV who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into manual reduction control group, acupuncture control group and experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. Epley reduction method was used for manual reduction control treatment of patients in the manual reduction control group, until there was no obvious vertigo of patients. Patients in the acupuncture control group received ordinary acupuncture treatment, while patients in the experiment group received dynamic and static acupuncture treatment, both on the basis of manual reduction control treatment. Baihui(GV20) and Yintang(GV24+), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Zhongzhu(TE3), Houxi(SI3) and Waiguan(TE5) on the healthy side, and the vertigo-auditory area and Fengchi(GB20) on the affected side were selected for acupuncture intervention, which was performed once a day, with needles retained for 30 minutes in two acupuncture groups. Every six times was taken as a session and two sessions were required. Dizziness handicap inventory(DHI) scale and visual analogue score(VAS) were used to evaluate the degree of vertigo before, after 1 and 2 sessions of treatment respectively. Results Compared with those before treatment, the DHI score and VAS score of each group after 1 and 2 sessions of treatment were both significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the acupuncture control group and the manual reduction control group, the DHI score of the experiment group was significantly decreased(P<0.05) after 1 and 2 sessions of treatment. VAS score of the experiment group was significantly decreased compared with that of the manual reduction control group(P<0.05) after 1 and 2 sessions of treatment. The total effective rate of the experiment group was 86.67%, better than those of the acupuncture control group(83.33%, P<0.05) and the manual reduction control group(66.67%, P<0.05). Conclusion The dynamic and static acupuncture method combined with manual reduction effectively improved vertigo symptoms in PC-BPPV with rapid and lasting effects, which is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.关键词：Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo;Posterior semicircular canal;Dynamic and static acupuncture method;Clinical observation179|37|1更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：In the present paper, we summarize the literature about mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion [including ordinary acupuncture, electroacupuncture, fire needling, warm acupuncture(acupuncture with the needle warmed by burning moxa), cheek acupuncture, wheat-sized moxibustion, suspension moxibustion, etc.] treatments of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) both domestically and abroad in recent years. Results indicate that the role of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies in improving RA involves multi-targets and multi-levels. These targets and levels include 1) improving joint and synovial inflammatory response by regulating inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting cell adhesion factor and interferon expression, 2) directly or indirectly regulating immune cell balance, 3) regulating peripheral and central neurotransmitters(plasma CCK-8 and β-endorphin, hypothalamic prodynorphin, etc.), 4) regulating related signaling pathways(suppressing nuclear factor-kB/vascular endothelial growth factor, Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, transient receptor potential vanilloid and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways), and activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, 5) regulating histocyte energy metabolism(improving amino acid supply and reducing negative nitrogen balance to improve immune regulation function), 6) maintaining the balance of bone cells and articular cartilage(by regulating the balance between synthesis and degradation of articular cartilage matrix, and the balance of bone cells and osteoclasts), 7) up-regulating energy metabolism gene(Atp50, Atp6V1B2) expression and regulating biological rhythm gene(clock, Per2, Rev-erb) expression, 8) regulating miRNAs-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis. All these provide experimental basis for acupuncture and moxibustion treatments of RA.关键词：Acupuncture and moxibustion;Rheumatoid arthritis;Mechanisms;Review180|35|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Objective To analyze the optimum stimulating parameters and acupoint combination law of electroacupuncture(EA) treatment of post-stroke sequelae(PSS) through the network visual data mining and analysis of the literature, so as to provide reference for clinical application. Methods The related articles of acupuncture treatment of PSS patients published from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021 were collected from databases of CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu(VIP), SinoMed, CHAOXING, DUXIU, PubMed, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane Library. After the articles were screened according to our formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria, a “Clinical Literature Database of EA Treatment of PSS” was established. The SPSS Modeler14.1 software was used for modeling(by using the parameters of EA, types of apoplexy sequelae, names of acupoints, methods of acupoint matching, acupoint-attributed meridians, etc.) and association rule analysis, and the Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used for data network visualization analysis. Results A total of 354 articles were collected, including 13 types of PSS, among which the hemi-plegia accounts for the highest proportion(51.13%), followed by depression(17.51%) and dysphagia(14.97%). A total of 228 acupoints are used, with a total frequency-time of 1 690. Among the 8 PSS(hemiplegia, depression, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, speech disorders, constipation) with the frequency of application of acupoints greater than or equal to 3, 275 articles are involved, with the frequency of dense wave being the highest(123 times), followed by continuous waves(95 times). The stimulation frequency of EA appears 275 times, with the low frequency being the highest(188 times). For hemiplegia type of PSS, low frequency and continuous waves or dense waves are mostly used, and the high correlation acupoint groups are Zusanli(ST36)/Hegu(LI4), LI4/Quchi(LI11) and ST36/LI11. For depression, low frequency and dense waves are mostly used, and the high correlation acupoint groups are Baihui(GV20)/Yintang(EX-HN3), GV20/Shenting(GV24) and GV20/Neiguan(PC6). For swallowing disorder, the mostly used stimulation parameter is low frequency, and the high correlation acupoint groups are Lianquan(CV23)/ST36/Fenglong(ST40), Tongli(HT5)/Yifeng(TE17)/PC6/ST40, and TE17/HT5/PC6/LI4. Conclusion EA therapy is frequently used in the treatment of PSS, for which ST36, LI4 and LI11 are most frequently used in the treatment of hemiplegia, with the stimulation parameters being low-frequency and continuous waves or dense waves. For depression, GV20, EX-HN3, GV24 and PC6 are used, with the stimulation parameters being low frequency and dense waves. For dysphagia, CV23, HT5, TE17, PC6, ST36, ST40 and LI4 are employed, with low frequency electrical stimulation.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Post-stroke sequelae;Data mining;Network visualization analysis188|46|2更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：Acupoint Dubi(ST35), one of the commonly used acupuncture points in clinical practice, has long been equated as the acupoint Waixiyan(EX-LE5) in the academic community. By referring to the location of ST35 elaborated in the relevant literature in the ancient and modern times, we analyze the evolution of its position and expound its clinical significance of the correct positioning in the present paper. We think that under posture of knee flexion, the position of ST35 should be between the lower edge of the patella and the upper tip of the tibia, at the midpoint of the patella ligament.关键词：Dubi(ST35);Waixiyan(EX-LE5);Acupoint;Location117|9|0更新时间：2023-12-01
- 摘要：The British Medical Journal published the Acupuncture research album which carried viewpoints, expert consensus, research methods and other genres of papers, providing an authoritative reference for standardizing the design of clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of acupuncture and improving the quality of clinical research. Based on the experts' consensus of “acupuncture album” on RCT, combining clinical practice and the related literature reports, and many existing problems existing in the design, we, in the present paper, analyzed ways to improve the design quality of clinical RCT of acupuncture, starting from improving the methodological quality and repeatability of clinica RCT, so as to provide methodological guidance for the design of clinical trials and to promote the standardization of clinical trials of acupuncture.关键词：Acupuncture research album;Randomized controlled trial;Standardization of clinical trials;Design of clinical trials120|9|3更新时间：2023-12-01
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