最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 1 ， 2024
- 摘要：In the past 20 years， the acupuncture-moxibustion discipline has made a great progress in clinical research， method construction， standard formulation， guideline promotion， basic theory and key scientific issue research. Internationally， the development of acupuncture and moxibustion has gradually begun to pay more attention to the basic issues of the discipline itself from focusing on clinical evidence. The National Institute of Health of USA pays close attention to the construction of acupoint knowledge base and database and to the transformation of peripheral nerve stimulation techniques， which brings forth opportunities and challenges for the development of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline. In the present paper， we analyze the shortcomings of the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion， put forward some strategies for high-quality development in the future， and sort out the basic scientific issues to form an academic consensus. We should employ modern scientific language to express the scientific connotations of the basic theory of acupuncture and moxibustion， and build an open and self-consistent modern theoretical system. In addition， we also should attract more multidisciplinary talents to harmoniously and assiduously work together， insist on continuous innovation to open up a new situation in the transformation of basic scientific research achievements，and establish a new theoretical system of “somato-medicine” represented by acupuncture and moxibustion. In this way， we will guide the acupuncture-moxibustion discipline to make an original contribution to the modern life science and future medicine.关键词：Acupuncture and moxibustion;Development of acupuncture and moxibustion;Academic consensus;Theoretical system;Translational acupuncture and moxibustion research;Somato-medicine114|13|2更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on changes of ventricular structure and function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）， so as to explore its potential mechanisms underlying improvement of ventricular remodeling after MIRI.MethodsForty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： sham operation group， model group， EA group and medication （sacubactril valsartan， LCZ696） group， with 10 rats in each group. The MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion. EA （2 Hz/100 Hz， 2 mA） was applied to bilateral “Neiguan” （PC6） for 20 min， once every other day for 21 d. Rats of the medication group received gavage of LCZ696 （60 mg·kg-1·d-1）. After the intervention， echocardiography was used to detect the ejection fraction （EF） and fractional shortening （FS） of the left ventricle， and the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1（VCAM-1） and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed after HE staining. The Masson staining was used to evaluate the myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. The mRNA expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ and connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） in the myocardial tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR， and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by Western blot.ResultsIn contrast to the sham operation group， the EF and FS levels of the left ventricle were ob-viously decreased （P<0.001）， while the contents of serum TNF-α， VCAM-1 and ICAM-1， the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area， the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ， collagen Ⅲ and CTGF， the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased （P<0.001， P<0.000 1， P<0.05， P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the EF and FS levels were remarkably increased （P<0.01）， whereas the contents of serum TNF-α， VCAM-1 and ICAM-1， the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area， the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ， collagen Ⅲ and CTGF， and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.001， P<0.01， P<0.05） in both the medication and EA groups. No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in all the indexes mentioned above.ConclusionEA can improve the left-ventricular fibrosis and function， delay or reverse ventricular remodeling in MIRI rats， which may be related to its functions in down-regulating myocardial inflammatory response and mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ， collagen Ⅲ and CTGF.关键词：Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury;Electroacupuncture;Ventricular remodeling;Myocardial fibrosis;Inflammatory response98|6|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） pathway in the substantia nigra （SN） of mice with Parkinson’s disease （PD）， so as to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of EA.MethodsForty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups， namely， control， PD model， EA and sham-EA groups， with 10 mice in each group. The PD mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone for 4 weeks. Mice in the EA group were given EA stimulation （1 mA， 2 Hz） at “Fengfu” （GV36）， bilateral “Taichong” （LR3） and “Zusanli” （ST36） for 30 min， once daily for 2 consecutive weeks. And mice in the sham-EA group were given acupuncture at the subcutaneous areas of the same acupoints without EA stimulation. The open-field test was used for assessment of mouse behavior. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . The positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） in SN was determined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， NLRP3， Caspase-1， gasdermin D（GSDMD）， IL-1β， IL-18 and the protein expression levels of Nrf2， NLRP3， Caspase-1 and GSDMD in the SN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot， separately.ResultsAfter modeling， compared with the control group， the behavioral score was increased （P<0.01）， the total exercise time， the total distance and the average speed were decreased （P<0.01）， and the positive expression of TH and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 in the SN were decreased （P<0.01）， while the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum， the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1 and GSDMD and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the SN were up-regulated （P<0.01） in the PD model group. Following EA intervention， the behavioral score was decreased（P<0.01）， the total exercise time， total distance and average speed were increased （P<0.01）， the positive expression of TH and the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 in SN were up-regulated （P<0.01， P<0.05）， while the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum， the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1 and GSDMD as well as the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the SN were down-regulated （P<0.01， P<0.05） in the EA group relative to the PD model and sham-EA groups. There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the PD model and sham-EA groups.ConclusionEA stimulation of GV36， LR3 and ST36 can improve motor deficits， reduce the loss of dopamine neurons in the SN， and inhibit neuroinflammatory responses in mice with PD， which may be related to its effects in regulating the Nrf2/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway mediated pyroptosis.关键词：Parkinson’s disease;Electroacupuncture;Pyroptosis;Neuroinflammation;Nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2;NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3;Cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-188|6|3更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of catgut embedding at “Feishu”（BL13）， “Dingchuan” （EX-B1） and “Danzhong” （CV17） on expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （p-p38 MAPK）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ） and changes of airway epithelial cells （AEC） in the lung tissue of bronchial asthma （BA） rats， so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of BA.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into blank control， model， dexamethasone （DEX） and catgut embedding groups. The BA model was established by intraperitoneal injection of suspension of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. Rats of the DEX group received intraperitoneal injection of DEX （1.5 mg/kg）， once daily for 2 weeks， and those of the catgut embedding group received catgut embedding at BL13， EX-B1 and CV17 only one time. The rats’ sneezing times per miniute in each group were recorded. H.E. staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the lung tissue under light microscope. A transmission electron microscope （TEM） was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of AEC in the lung tissue， including the thickness of bronchial wall and bronchial smooth muscle by using an image analysis software. The protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK， IL-4 and INF-γ in the lung tissue were determined using Western blot.ResultsMorphological observation revealed that in the model group， light microscope showed deformed and swollen bronchial tube wall with increased folds and thickened bronchial smooth muscle； and TEM showed a large number of autophagy vesicles containing swollen and deformed organelles in the AEC， and apparent reduction of intracellular mitochondria， these situations were obviously milder in both DEX and catgut embedding groups. Compared with the blank control group， the sneezing times， thickness of bronchial wall and bronchial smooth muscle in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of p-p38 MAPK and IL-4 in lung tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the expression of IFN-γ was significantly decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. In comparison with the model group， the sneezing times， thickness of bronchial wall and bronchial smooth muscle， protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK and IL-4 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the expression of IFN-γ was obviously increased （P<0.01） in both the DEX and catgut embedding groups.ConclusionAcupoint catgut embedding can reduce the expression of IL-4 and increase the expression of IFN-γ by inhibiting p38 MAPK signal pathway of lung tissues in BA rats， which may contribute to its effect in alleviating the degree of airway epithelial cells damage.关键词：Acupoint catgut embedding;Asthma;Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase;Airway epithelial cell68|15|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effects of electroacupuncture（EA） on local inflammatory mediators and macrophage polarization， and immune cells in the spleen of mice with chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant （CFA） in the hind paw， so as to investigate the immunoinflammatory regulatory mechanisms of EA in relieving pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain.MethodsThirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control， model， and EA groups， with 10 mice in each group. Chronic inflammatory pain model were established by subcutaneous injection of 20 μL CFA solution in the left hind paw for 7 consecutive days. After modeling， mice in the EA group received EA at bilateral “Zusanli”（ST36） for 20 min （2 Hz/100 Hz， 1 mA） once a day for 18 consecutive days. Mechanical pain threshold， heat pain thresholds， and paw thickness were measured before and after mode-ling， and after interventions. Western blot was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， and NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） in the paw tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of M1-type macrophage marker inducible nitric oride synthase （iNOS） and M2-type marker CD206 in the paw， and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages， Ly6G+ CD11b+ neutrophils， and CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells （Treg） in the spleen.ResultsCompared with the control group， mechanical pain and heat pain thresholds were significantly reduced（P<0.000 1）， while paw thickness， expressions of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NLRP3 in the paw， and positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw， the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly increased （P<0.000 1，P<0.001） in the model group. Compared with the model group， mechanical pain threshold and heat pain thresholds， CD206 positive expression in the paw， and Treg cell proportion in spleen were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while paw thickness， the expressions of IL-1β，TNF-α and NLRP3 in the paw， as well as the positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw， the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly reduced （P<0.001，P<0.01，P<0.05）in mice of the EA group after intervention.ConclusionEA may alleviate pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain by regulating the numbers of macrophages， neutrophils， and Treg cells， as well as promoting M2 polarization of local macrophages and inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Chronic inflammatory pain;Anti-inflammation;Analgesia;Immune cells;Macrophage polarization96|10|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste on uterine Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65） signaling pathway and Th1/Th2 immune balance in primary dysmenorrhea （ PD ） model rats， so as to reveal its immunological mechanisms of relieving dysmenorrhea.MethodsThirty SD female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： normal group， model group and acupoint paste group， with 10 rats in each group. PD rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 consecutive days. At the same time of modeling， graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste was applied to the acupoints of “Guanyuan” （CV4）， bilateral “Zigong” （EX-CA1） and “Sanyinjiao” （SP6） of rats in the acupoint paste group. The application was continuously applied once daily for 10 d， 5 h each time. On the 11th day， oxytocin was injected intraperitoneally to observe the writhing latency， writhing times within 30 min and writhing score of rats in each group. The spleen and thymus indexes were calculated. The pathological changes of spleen and thymus tissue were observed after HE staining. The contents of serum immunoglobulin （Ig） A， IgG， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-2， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA . The protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in rat uterine tissue were detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR， respectively.ResultsCompared with the normal group， the writhing times and writhing scores within 30 min of rats in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.001）， and the rats showed writhing reaction （P<0.01）. The spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased（P<0.01，P<0.05）. The spleen and thymus had obvious pathological changes. The contents of IgA， IgG， TNF-α， IL-2 and IFN-γ in serum were significantly increased， while the contents of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly decreased（P<0.001，P<0.01）. The expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB p65 protein and corresponding mRNA in uterine tissue were significantly increased（P<0.001）. Following intervention， compared with the model group， the writhing latency time of rats in the acupoint paste group was prolonged， and the writhing times and writhing scores within 30 min were significantly decreased （P<0.001）. The spleen index and thymus index were significantly increased（P<0.01，P<0.05）. The pathological changes of spleen and thymus were improved. The contents of serum IgA， IgG， TNF-α， IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased， while the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased（P<0.001，P<0.05，P<0.01）. The expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB p65 protein and the corresponding mRNA levels in uterine tissue were decreased（P<0.001， P<0.01）.ConclusionGraphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste can regulate the immune balance of Th1/ Th2 by regulating TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-κB p65 signaling pathway， repair the pathological damage of immune tissue， improve immune function， and effectively relieve the pain symptoms of PD rats.关键词：Primary dysmenorrhea;Graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste;Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B p65 signaling pathway;Th1/Th2 immune balance91|18|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of moxibustion intervention on the hypothalamus-spinal cord-colon axis of rats with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D） and explore the mechanism of moxibustion in improving visceral hypersensitivity in rats with IBS-D.MethodsA total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into normal， model， and moxibustion groups， with 12 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by maternal separation + acetic acid stimulation + chronic restraint. Rats of the moxibustion group received bilateral moxibustion on “Tianshu” （ST25） and “Shangjuxu” （ST37） for 15 min， once a day for 7 consecutive days. The body weight， loose stool rate， and minimum threshold volume of abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） were measured before and after moxibustion intervention， respectively. The histopathological changes in the colon tissue were observed after HE staining. The number of colonic mucosal mast cells （MCs） was measured by toluidine blue staining. The activation of MCs was determined by tryptase positive expression level and examined by immunohistochemical staining. The content， protein and mRNA expression levels and positive expression levels of corticotropin releasing factor （CRF）， substance P （SP）， and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） in the hypothalamus， spinal cord and colon tissues were measured by ELISA， Western blot， real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining， respectively.ResultsCompared with the normal group， the loose stool rate was increased （P<0.01）； the body weight and minimum threshold volume of AWR were decreased （P<0.01）； the inflammatory infiltration of colon tissues was obvious； the number of MCs and positive expression level of tryptase in the colon tissue were increased （P<0.01）； the contents， positive expression le-vels， protein and mRNA expression levels of CRF， SP and CGRP in the hypothalamus， spinal cord and colon tissues were increased （P<0.01，P<0.05） in the model group. After the intervention， compared with the model group， all these indicators showed opposite trends （P<0.01，P<0.05） in the moxibustion group.ConclusionMoxibustion can improve visceral hypersensitivity in rats with IBS-D， and its mechanism may be related to regulating the hypothalamic-spinal-colon axis to reduce the release of CRF， SP and CGRP， and thus to inhibite MC in colon tissue.关键词：Moxibustion;Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea;Corticotropin releasing factor;Substance P;Calcitonin gene-related peptide;Mast cell62|13|1更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of the spirit-regulation method of Jin’s three-needle therapy on post-stroke anxiety and its effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis.MethodsFifty-four patients with post-stroke anxiety were divided into spirit regulation （Jin’s three needle therapy） group and sham-acupuncture group according to the random number table method， 28 cases in the spirit regulation and 26 cases in the sham-acupuncture group. The patients of the two groups received the same regimen of basic medication and rehabilitation， and the same acupoint prescription was adopted， including Sishenzhen （extra points， 1.5 cun to Baihui ［GV20］ at 3， 6， 9 and 12 o’clock positions）， Shenting （GV24）， Yintang （EX-HN3），and bilateral Shenmen （HT7）， Sanyinjiao （SP6）， Hegu （LI4） and Taichong （LR3）. The true acupuncture was delivered in the spirit regulation group and the sham acupuncture operated in the sham-acupuncture group. One treatment lasted for 30 min， once daily， 5 times a week. The duration of treatment was 3 weeks in the trial. Before treatment and on day 10 and day 21 of treatment， the changes in the score of Hamilton anxiety scale （HAMA） and that of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） were compared between the two groups separately. Using ELISA， the contents of adrenocorticotropin （ACTH） and cortisol （CORT） in the serum were detected， and the adverse reactions were recorded.ResultsIn the within-group comparison before and after treatment， HAMA score and NIHSS score dropped on day 10 and day 21 after treatment in the spirit regulation group （P<0.05）； HAMA score and NIHSS score in the sham-acupuncture group were decreased on day 21 of treatment （P<0.05）. After 21 days of treatment， HAMA score and NIHSS score in the spirit-regulation group were decreased significantly than those in the sham-acupuncture group （P<0.05） and the contents of ACTH and CORT in the serum decreased when compared with those before treatment and those of the sham-operation group （P<0.05）. No obvious adverse events occurred in the spirit-regulation group and the sham-acupuncture group.ConclusionUsing sham acupuncture as a control， it is preliminarily confirmed that the spirit regulation method of Jin’s three-needle therapy is effective on post-stroke anxiety. In association of the downtrend of serological indicators， it is speculated that the underlying mechanism of this therapy is related to HPA axis.关键词：Post-Stroke Anxiety;Spirit-regulation method of Jin’s three-needle therapy;Sham acupuncture;Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis102|10|1更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the combination of he-sea and front-mu points on the feeding compliance rate， the intra-abdominal pressure， the enteral nutrition tolerance score， the score of acute physiological and chronic health evaluation （APACHE）-Ⅱ and gastrointestinal function impairment grade in the patients with enteral nutrition feeding intolerance （ENFI） of critical illness and evaluate clinical effect on ENFI after acupuncture at the he-sea and front-mu points.MethodsSeventy patients of ENFI were randomized into a control group and an observation group， 35 cases in each one. In the control group， the patients were treated with routine regimen combined with intestinal nutrition support. In the observation group， on the basis of the treatment as the control group， acupuncture was applied to Shangwan （CV13）， Zhongwan （CV12）， Xiawan （CV10）， Qihai （CV6） and Guanyuan （CV4）， as well as bila-teral Neiguan （PC6）， Zusanli （ST36）， Xiajuxu （ST39）， Shangjuxu （ST37）， Tianshu （ST25） and Daheng （SP15）. Of those acupoints， ST25 and SP15 on the same side were attached to one pair of electrodes （20 Hz/100 Hz）. Acupuncture was delivered once daily， 30 min each time and for consecutive 7 days. During treatment， the numbers of the cases up to the feeding standard were observed everyday to calculate the feeding compliance rate. The score of enteral nutrition tolerance， the intra-abdominal pressure， the score of APACHE-Ⅱ and the level of acute gastriointestinal injury（AGI） grading were recorded.ResultsAfter treatment， the enteral feeding compliance rate was increased in comparison with that before treatment in the two groups， and the rate in the observation group was higher than that of the control group （P<0.05） except that on the 2nd day. The score of the enteral nutrition tolerance， the intra-abdominal pressure， the score of APACHE-Ⅱ and the level of AGI were all reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01） when compared with those before treatment in the two groups， and these indicators in the observation group were lower （P<0.05） than those of the control group.ConclusionAcupuncture at the he-sea and front-mu points relieves the conditions of ENFI， improves the feeding and the recovery of gastrointestinal function， and benefits the prognosis through increasing the amount of enteral nutrition in ENFI patients.关键词：Combination of he-sea and front-mu points;Patients of critical illness;Enteral feeding intolerance;Gastrointestinal function87|8|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：Acupuncture has a positive effect in the treatment of ischemic stroke （IS）. A number of studies have confirmed that the role of acupuncture in the treatment of IS， which is closely related to its functions of regulating mitochondrial functions. In the present article， we review the mechanisms of acupuncture underlying improvement of mitochondria in the treatment of IS from 4 aspects： 1） protecting mitochondrial structure integrity， 2） regulative effect on mitochondrial functional activities， including regulating energy metabolism， reducing oxidative stress， suppressing calcium overload， and regulating mitochondrial membrane potential changes， 3） regulating mitochondrial quality control system， including promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis， regulating mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis， and 4） regula-ting mitochondria-related apoptosis pathways. All of these may provide a theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of IS and a reference for further research.关键词：Ischemic stroke;Acupuncture;Mitochondria;Mitochondrial dysfunction;Review98|10|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：Acupuncture treatment for functional constipation （FC） is characterized by precise efficacy， rapid onset of action in the early stages， long-term stable effects， and overall regulation. This paper reviews recent literatures on acupuncture treatment for FC， indicating that acupuncture acts from multiple perspectives and pathways， including promoting intestinal motility， regulating intestinal microbiota， modulating the brain-gut axis， alleviating intestinal inflammation， and improving rectal hyposensitivity. Future research could delve into the mechanical sensation conduction mechanisms of acupuncture in improving rectal hyposensitivity， identify key intestinal microbiota genera and metabolic characteristics regulated by acupuncture， explore the network relationships among different mechanisms， and clarify the differential mechanisms of various acupuncture treatment protocols to optimize clinical therapy and enhance the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for FC.关键词：Functional Constipation;Acupuncture;Mechanism;Review151|23|1更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：The endocannabinoid system， an important biological network for maintaining and balancing various functions of the human body， is involved in many physiological functions such as pain， emotion， learning and memory， etc. Among which the endocannabinoid receptors ［including type I （CB1） and type II （CB2） receptors］ play an important role in the regulation of pain and have become an important target in the mechanism research of acupuncture analgesia. CB1 is mainly distributed in the central nervous system， including the spinal cord， cerebral cortex， amygdala， insular cortex， and basal ganglia， etc. CB2 is mainly distributed in peripheral immune tissues， such as spleen， bone， skin， etc. In the central and peripheral nervous systems， acupuncture can activate CB1 and CB2 receptors respectively， which is involved in the transmission of central nociceptive signals and related transmitters as well as the peri-pheral pro-nociceptive inflammatory response， thereby alleviating the nociceptive hypersensitivity in animal models. In this paper， we systematically summarize the roles of the above mechanisms in different types of animal models （inflammatory pain， neuropathological pain， visceral pain， etc.）， so as to provide new ideas for the study of the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia.关键词：Endocannabinoid system;Acupuncture analgesia;Endocannabinoid receptors;Animal experiment;Review78|8|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：Based on the record of Miu Ci theory from Huangdi Neijing （The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic）， and incorporating the relevant discussions of medical scholars from various dynasties， this article interprets and analyzes the Miu Ci technique， the points to be needled， and the diseases can be treated. The following innovative understandings are proposed： 1） The original meaning of “Miu” in Miu Ci is “to prick in a different way from the meridians （needle the major collaterals）”， not “needle left and right interchangeably”. Needle left and right interchangeably is not a necessary operation in Miu Ci. 2） The stimulation sites of Miu Ci are the “four extremities” of the human body， referred to as the “major collaterals of qi”， and the nail bed of the four extremities is not equivalent to the commonly reco-gnized “Jing-well points”. 3） Miu Ci can treat critical illnesses， not just limited to musculoskeletal pain or mild conditions at the early stage of a disease. 4） Miu Ci is not equivalent to Luo Ci needling （pricking bloodletting therapy）.关键词：Miu Ci;Prick contralateral side;Pricking bloodletting therapy;Four extremities58|6|0更新时间：2024-02-04
- 摘要：Based on summarizing the essential procedures and elements of traditional manipulation techniques of warming needle moxibustion and determining the quantitative parameters and indicators for evaluating the operation of this acupuncture technique， a training instrument of warming needle moxibustion was developed and adopted in the curriculum teaching of practice. It showed that this instrument could quantify the speed of fixing mugwort ball on the needle handle， the number of the prepared mugwort ball， the duration for anti-vibration， the frequency of anti-vibration and the burning time of mugwort ball. The instrument could objectively evaluate the skills of warming needle moxibustion and the effects of fixing mugwort ball. Besides， it may provide the references to improve the protocol of the future research. The development and application of the practical training instrument of warming needle moxibustion is conductive to cultivate the standardization and accuracy of the technique operation in students， and it is significant for objectif-ying the teaching course of warming needle and teaching assessment， as well as for diversifying the teaching modes. Moreover， it plays an exemplary role in the practical training of other acupuncture and moxibustion techniques.关键词：Warming needle moxibustion;Technical operation;Standardization;Practical training;Evaluation40|4|0更新时间：2024-02-04
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