The nervous system is an important carrier for the initiation, transmission and integration of acupuncture and moxibustion body surface intervention signals. Its fine, multi-level, and cross system structure and functional characteristics are also the key to acupuncture and moxibustion's multi-target, multi-dimensional, and broad-spectrum regulatory effects. With the development and application of advanced technologies such as gene editing, specific neural regulation and visualization, the neural circuits and mechanisms behind the biological effects of acupuncture and moxibustion are expected to be more accurately and deeply understood. Therefore, the column of "Innovative Exploration and Interpretation of acupuncture and moxibustion Neural Circuits" organized by Acupuncture Research aims to guide readers to understand some of the current status and progress of acupuncture and moxibustion neural circuits research from the perspective of innovative research, cutting-edge neuroscience technology, retrospective review, etc., which will help further clarify the research focus and key issues in this field, expand research ideas, innovate research paradigm, and enhance transformation potential. After the column was published, it received extensive contributions from acupuncture and moxibustion front-line scientific and technological workers, and finally included 4 original basic research articles and 3 review articles. Among them, the basic experimental research uses virus tracing, chemical genetics, calcium imaging and other technologies, from the central and peripheral nerve levels, to reveal the neural circuit of acupuncture to improve dysphagia, chronic pain/pain emotion, and colitis response after stroke, which reflects the high integration of acupuncture and moxibustion and neuroscience at this stage, and becomes a "sharp tool" for in-depth and accurate analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion neural mechanism; The review articles systematically sorted out and summarized the loop mechanism of acupuncture to improve the neural injury after stroke, the role of insular cortex in acupuncture induced multiple "body surface visceral" regulation, and how to understand the multidimensional regulation effect of acupuncture and moxibustion from the three-dimensional perspective of "brain activation functional connectivity synaptic transmission", reflecting the research and judgment of acupuncture and moxibustion scholars on field trends and key issues, and providing prospective guidance and reference for subsequent research. Reviewing several milestone achievements in basic scientific research of acupuncture and moxibustion, almost all of them focus on neural regulation of acupuncture and moxibustion. The rapid changes in neuroscience and technology will undoubtedly open a new Xintiandi for the future analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion neural circuits and mechanisms. In the future, in addition to focusing on the projection and functional connection between neurons, the cross system regulation of nerves on endocrine, immune and metabolism will also provide a new perspective for comprehensively clarifying the multi-dimensional and broad-spectrum effect mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion.