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Online ISSN: 2097-7042

Print ISSN: 1000-0607

CN: 11-2274/R

Governing Body: National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Sponsors: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, CACMS; China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion

Publishing Frequency: Monthly

Tel: +86-10-64089344

Email: zcyjbjb@vip.163.com

Address: 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China

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Volume 51 期 4，2026 2026年第51卷第4期

    DAN Xiao-yun, LI Yi-yang, XI Jin-ze, LIU Qian-qian, LI Chen-meng, XIE Xiao-nan, NI Guang-xia

    DOI：10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250342
    摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the dynamic compensatory characteristics of the leptomeningeal collateral （LMC） circulation in the affected hemisphere of rats with right middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）， and to investigate the effects of acupuncture on LMC compensatory efficiency and neuronal function in the cortical M5 region. Additionally， to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of acupuncture by exploring the temporal pattern of LMC compensation.MethodsThis study was divided into 2 parts. Part 1： 4 male SD rats were randomly selected for monitoring blood perfusion in the affected LMC and cortical M5 region before ischemia， immediately after ischemia， 3 h and 12 h post-ischemia using laser speckle contrast imaging. Part 2： 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation， model， sham acupuncture， acupuncture， and butylphthalide groups， with 18 rats in each group. Three hours after modeling， acupuncture was applied to bilateral “Neiguan” （PC6） and “Shuigou” （GV26） or non-acupoints （3 mm below the starting point of bilateral axillary midline and 3 mm beside the apex of coccyx） for 30 min. In the butylphthalide group， butylphthalide injection （2.25 mg/kg） was injected into the tail vein once 3 h after successful modeling. Laser speckle blood flow imaging was used to monitor the changes of blood flow perfusion and LMC vascular diameter in LMC and cortical M5 region at different time points before ischemia， immediately after ischemia and 12 h after ischemia. The percentage of cerebral infarction volume was detected by TTC staining. Modified neuropathy symptom score （mNSS） was used to evaluate neurological function. The grip strength of the contralateral upper limb of the rat was detected by the rat grip tester. The ultrastructure of neurons and mitochondria in the M5 region of the affected cortex was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The positive expression of neuronal nuclear protein （NeuN） in the M5 region of the affected cortex was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in the cortex of the affected side was detected by colorimetry.ResultsCompared with the pre-ischemia state， the blood perfusion in the affected LMC and cortical M5 region were decreased immediately after ischemia （P<0.01）. Compared with the immediate ischemia state， the blood perfusion was increased at 3 h post-ischemia （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Immediately after ischemia， compared with the sham operation group， the ratio of blood perfusion compared to the baseline level of LMC and cortical M5 in all groups was decreased （P<0.01）. At 12 h post-ischemia， the ratio of blood perfusion compared to the baseline level in the LMC and M5 region， and the grip strength of the contralateral upper limb were decreased （P<0.01） in the model group， while the mNSS score and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume were increased （P<0.01）. The ultrastructure of neurons and mitochondria in the M5 region of the affected cortex was seriously damaged， and the positive expression of NeuN and the content of ATP in the M5 region were decreased （P<0.01）. At 12 h post-ischemia and compared with the model group， the LMC and M5 perfusion ratio， grip strength and the NeuN positive expression and ATP content in the M5 region were significantly increased （P<0.01） in the acupuncture and butylphthalide groups， rather than in the sham acupuncture group， whereas the mNSS score and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume were decreased （P<0.01， P<0.05） in the acupuncture and butylphthalide groups， rather than in the sham acupuncture group. Meanwhile， the ultrastructural damage of neurons and mitochondria was milder in both acupuncture and butylphthalide groups.ConclusionThe compensatory efficacy of the affected LMC in MCAO rats increases through blood flow redistribution at 3 h after ischemia， but declines at 12 h. Acupuncture can enhance the LMC compensatory efficiency， improve cortical M5 blood perfusion， and optimize mitochondrial structure and functional homeostasis， thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.  
    关键词：Acute ischemic stroke;Acupuncture;Leptomeningeal collateral;Neuron   
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    更新时间：2026-04-17

    WAN Jun, XIAO Yu-qian, SUN Ke-xin, CHEN Shu-ying, CHEN Li-min, WANG Yan, BAI Yan-jie, FENG Hui-li, LI Yan-jie

    DOI：10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250123
    摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on the insulin receptor substrate （IRS）-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （AKT） signaling pathway and glucose transporters （GLUTs） in the hippocampus of rats with learning and memory impairment after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， so as to explore the mechanism of EA in improving learning and memory impairment in rats with post-stroke cognitive impairment.MethodsFifteen rats were randomly selected from 100 male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats as the sham operation group， and the remaining 85 rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） modeling using the suture method. Successfully modeled rats were divided into the model， EA， inhibitor， EA+inhibitor， and donepezil groups， with 15 rats in each group， in which， rats in the inhibitor group and EA+inhibitor group were given an intracerebroventricular injection of the pathway inhibitor LY294002 （10 mmol/L， 10 μL） into the left lateral ventricle 30 min before modeling. Rats in the EA group and EA+inhibitor group received EA intervention at “Shenting” （GV24） and “Baihui” （GV20） acupoints， 30 min per session， once a day. Rats in the donepezil group were given donepezil by gavage at a dose of 0.92 mg·kg-1·d-1， once a day. Rats in the treatment group were given continuous intervention for 14 d. Zea-Longa scoring and novel object recognition test were used to evaluate neurological damage and learning and memory ability； TTC staining was used to assess cerebral infarct volume； HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology changes of hippocampal tissue in the infarcted area； a glucose detection kit was used to measure hippocampal glucose content； qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of IRS-1， PI3K， and AKT in the hippocampus； Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of IRS-1， PI3K， phosphorylated （p）- PI3K， AKT， p-AKT， GLUT1， and GLUT3 in the hippocampus.ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed sparse hippocampal cells with pyknosis and hyperchromatism， increased neurological deficit score， cerebral infarct volume， and recognition index to novel objects （P<0.01）， decreased glucose content （P<0.01）， significantly up-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of IRS-1 in the hippocampus （P<0.01）， and significantly down-regulated p-PI3K/PI3K ratio， p-AKT/AKT ratio， mRNA expressions of PI3K and AKT， and protein expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the EA group and donepezil group showed neatly arranged hippocampal cells with clear outlines， and the other indicators were reversed （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Compared with the EA group， the EA+inhibitor group showed a reduction in the number of neurons with a small amount of vacuolation and necrosis， and the reversal effects of EA on all indicators except the neurological deficit score were weakened （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionEA at GV24 and GV20 may improve the learning and memory function of MCAO/R rats by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit insulin resistance and enhance the glucose transport capacity of neurons.  
    关键词：Stroke;Cognitive impairment;Electroacupuncture;IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway;Glucose transporters;Insulin resistance   
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    更新时间：2026-04-17

    WU Yue-ping, OUYANG Jie, SONG Xiao-ge, CHU Hao-ran, CHEN Liang-liang, DING Yi-xia

    DOI：10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250084
    摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on the trimethylamine-N-oxide （TMAO）-high mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1）/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway in cerebral ischemia （CI） rats， so as to explore its mechanism in brain-gut co-treatment.MethodsMale SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation， model and EA groups， with 15 rats in each group. The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery （MCAO）. EA was applied to “Baihui” （GV20）， “Tianshu” （ST25）， “Shangjuxu” （ST37）， and “Dazhui” （GV14） for 20 min， once every other day for 14 d. Neurological deficit was assessed using the Zea-Longa score. The cerebral infarction volume was detected by TTC staining， the pathological changes in the ischemic cerebral cortex and colon tissues were observed by HE staining. The contents of TMAO， HMGB1， NLRP3， interleukin （IL）-1β， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， and Occludin in serum， colon， and ischemic cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression levels and positive expression of HMGB1， NLRP3， IL-1β， ZO-1 and Occludin in colon tissue and ischemic cerebral cortex were detected by Western blot， real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR， and immunofluorescence staining， respectively.ResultsAfter modeling and compared with the sham operation group， the Zea-Longa score and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume， the contents of TMAO， HMGB1， NLRP3 and IL-1β in serum， colon and ischemic cerebral cortex， the expression levels and positive expressions of HMGB1， NLRP3， IL-1β protein and mRNA in colon and ischemic cerebral cortex were significantly increased （P<0.01） in the model group， while the contents of ZO-1 and Occludin， and the expression levels and positive expressions of ZO-1， Occludin protein and mRNA were decreased （P<0.01）. After 14 days’ treatment， all the increased and decreased levels of the indexes mentioned above were reversed in the EA group relevant to the model group （P<0.01）. HE staining showed disordered arrangement of neurons in the ischemic cerebral cortex， loosened structure， widened intercellular spaces， with inflammatory cell infiltration； as well as mucosal damage in colonic tissues， disordered glandular arrangement， reduced number of goblet cells， accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group， which were relatively milder in the EA group.ConclusionEA mediating brain-gut co-treatment can reduce the content of intestinal flora metabolite TMAO， down-regulate the expressions of HMGB1/NLRP3 in intestinal tissue， and reduce peripheral inflammatory factors， thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in brain tissue of MCAO rats.  
    关键词：Cerebral ischemia;Electroacupuncture;Rat;Brain-gut co-treatment;Inflammatory response;TMAO-HMGB1/NLRP3 pathway   
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    更新时间：2026-04-17

    PAN Li, WU Qi-biao, ZHU Zhou, XIONG Jiao-jiao, YAN Zhao-bo, ZHANG Ning, YANG Zhi-hong, YANG Xiao-fang

    DOI：10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250472
    摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of moxibustion on the lipid metabolism， aortic arch and mitochondrial structure， PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）/Parkin signaling pathway， and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins in atherosclerotic （AS） mice， so as to explore its potential mechanisms underlying prevention and treatment of AS.MethodsTen C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal chow and used as the control group. Thirty ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat chow to establish the AS model， and randomly divided into model， moxibustion， and moxibustion+Mdivi-1（mitochondrial fission inhibitor） groups， with 10 mice in each group. For mice in the moxibustion group， moxibustion was applied to “Danzhong”（CV17）， “Shenque”（CV8）， and bilateral “Neiguan”（PC6） and “Xuehai”（SP10） for 30 min. The mice in the moxibustion + Mdivi-1 group received intraperitoneal injection of Mdivi-1 （1.2 mg·kg-1·d-1） 30 min before each session of moxibustion， and those of the control， model and moxibustion groups received equal volume of lysosomal injection. The intervention was conducted once daily， 5 d a week for 12 consecutive weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol （TC）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and triglyceride （TG） were measured by using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Histopathologial changes of the aorta arch were observed by H.E. staining， and the mitochondrial structure of the aorta was observed using a transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of PINK1， Parkin， Bax， Bcl-2， and Caspase3 protein in the aortic tissue were detected using Western blot， and the immunoactivity of mitochondrial cytochrome C （Cyt C） in the aortic tissue was determined using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsCompared with the control group， the contents of serum TC， TG and LDL-C， expression levels of PINK1， Parkin， Bax and Caspase3 protein， and the immunoactivity of Parkin and Cyt C were significantly increased （P<0.01， P<0.05）， while the content of serum HDL-C level and the expression of Bcl-2 protein notably decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. In comparison with the model group， the moxibustion group showed a significant decrease in the contents of serum TC， TG and LDL-C， expression levels of Bax and Caspase3， and immunoactivity of Cyt C （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and a striking increase in the expressions of PINK1， Parkin， and Bcl-2 protein and immunoactivity of Parkin（P<0.01）. After intraperitoneal injection of Mdivi-1， the effects of moxibustion disappeared in lowering the levels of TC， TG and LDL-C， the expressions of Bax， Caspase3 and the immunoactivity of Cyt C and in up-regulating the expressions of PINK1， Parkin， Bcl-2 and the immunoactivity of Parkin. Morphological observation showed uneven intima of the aortic arch in the model group， with plaque proliferation， hyperplasia of fibrous tissue or smooth muscle tissue， swollen mitochondria with matrix dissolution， and reduction in the number of cristae accompanied by vacuoles， etc； while in the moxibustion group， morphological observation showed relatively regular lumen of the aortic arch， with less endometrial degeneration and fewer swelling endothelial cells， and a smaller amount of plaque formation and some foam cells， slightly swollen mitochondria with partially dissolved matrix and secondary lysosomes； and the morphological observation showed shedding of local endothelial cells of the aortic arch， with thickened intima， proliferated smooth muscle tissue， and foam cells within the plaque； slightly swollen mitochondria， reduction in the number of cristae， and partially dissolved matrix in the moxibustion + Mdivi-1 group.ConclusionMoxibustion can improve the lipid metabolism level， relieve pathological injury of the thoracic aorta， restore mitochondrial structure and function in ApoE-/- AS mice， which may be related to its functions in reducing Cyt C metastasis， and inhibiting apoptosis by regulating PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.  
    关键词：Moxibustion;Atherosclerosis;PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway;Mitochondria;Apoptosis   
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  • Special Issues
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key scientific questions in acupuncture and moxibustion support the development of modern acupuncture medicine

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