Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture stimulation of head acupoints "Jin San Zhen"(JIN's Three Acupuncture Needles Therapy) on behavior reactions

hippocampal neuronal autophagy and expression of autophagy associated proteins(Beclin-1 and light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ [LC 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ]) in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) due to fetal intrauterine distress

so as to reveal its underlying mechanisms in improving neonatal HIBD. Methods Pregnant SD rats were used in the present study. The HIBD model was established by delayed caesarean delivery and bilateral uterine arteries clipping for 10 minutes. The HIBD rats were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture groups(n=9 rats in each group). The other 9 rats delivered naturally were used as the normal control group. On day 14 after delivery

the neonatal rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture stimulation of head acupoints("Nao San Zhen""Nie San Zhen" and "Zhi San Zhen") by twirling each needle leftward and rightward for 10 times

once a day for 14 d. The open field test and Morris water maze test were used to determine the locomotive activity and spatial learning-memory ability

respectively. The ultrastructure and autophagosomes in the hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscope. The contents and expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the hippocampus tissues were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot

separately. Results Compared with the normal control group

the time to go out of the central region of open field test

and the escape latency and duration of first platform-quadrant-crossing of spatial exploration of Morris water maze tests were significantly increased(P<0.01

P<0.05

P<0.001)

and the total distance and number of activities in the central region

and the target quadrant resistance time and number of platform-cros-sing remarkably decreased in the model group(P<0.01

P<0.05)

suggesting a decline of both locomotor activity and learning-memory ability after modeling. The expression level(%) of Beclin-1 protein and ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ proteins were considerably increased in the model group(P<0.01). Following acupuncture interventions

the locomotor activity and spatial learning-memory ability were obviously increased(P<0.05

P<0.01

P<0.001)

and the expression of Beclin-1 protein and ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ were further up-regulated relevant to the model group(P<0.001). Moreover

ultrastructural observation showed serrated change of nuclear membrane and widened perinuclear space

vacuolization in the mitochondria

dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and increase of autophagosomes in the hippocampal neurons in the model group. These situations were relatively milder in the acupuncture group. Conclusion Acupuncture of head acupoints of "JIN San Zhen" may increase locomotor activity and learning-memory abi-lity in rats with HIBD due to fetal intrauterine anoxia

which is closely with its effect in promoting hippocampal neuronal autophagy via up-regulating the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ.