最新刊期
1980年第4期
- 摘要：本文就国外研究大脑皮层与疼痛关系,以及针刺镇痛过程中大脑皮层作用原理的有关文献作简要的综述。作者认为大脑在针刺镇痛过程中起一定的作用。参考文献101篇。915|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我科除少数阻生牙患者及部分本院职工系经选择或作过解释工作外,绝大多数病例常规地使用此种针麻仪于拔牙术,效果较好,兹分析如下:方法与穴位This paper describes the results of using the acupuncture anesthesia(AA)apparatur type CDMI-Ⅱ in 582 cases of tooth extraction,in which 731 teeth were extracted and 33(4.5%)were loosed to thesecond grade or above the second grade.No analgesic was given to any of the patients before and during operations.As a whole,five “AA-points”were employed in the maxillo-facial region,namely:the points Renkuang,Bichungou andYaojishang in the upper jaw and the points Chenghai and Xiachicoa in the lower jaw.In each case a main point and the adjunct point were used.The main point was connected to thepositive and the adjunct point to the negative poles.The parameters of the stimulating current wereas follows:Frequency:60,000/min.Wave form:Irregular bi-directional spiked pulse.Impulse duration:80/sec.Patients'ages ranged from 11 to 84 years old.Most of them were workers and peasants.The evaluation of the anesthesia effects were made in four grades in accordance with the criteriaset up by the Chinese Acupuncture Ansthesia Committee in 1972.The statistical evaluation of the main data shows that acupuncture anethesia has its least effect in the cases,in which AA pointXiachicao was used(P<0.01),and in patients aged less than 15 years old(P<0.01).It appears that in treatment of orthopedics,prosthesis and malposed teeth acupuncture anesthesiashowed the best effect,but was poor in treatment of impacted teeth and non-vital teeth.The location of the treated tooth has some influence on the AA effect.In general,it is greter orthe anterior parts,more effective in the maxillary region,and most effective when dealing with mo-lars.The AA induction time shows no influence on the AA effect(P<0.05).No relation was found between the operative duration(average 3 min)and the AA effect.AA effect in Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade was 81.5% Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade 18.42%(number of teeth).Complica-tions occurred in 10 cases(3.3%).It is pointed out that a reduction of the induction time does not bring about a better AAeffects.The need to find out AA-“point” which ould bring about better effect for the lower molars isstressed.Before the AA-effect can not be enhanced its selective use in acute inflammations,impactedteeth and non-vital teeth should be made with care.The author believes that the apparatus having its better analgesic effects in tooth extraction deser-ves of a wider use.643|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：眼心反射是指压迫眼球或牵引眼肌等情况下引起心率减慢的一种反应。它首先由 Aschner 和 Dagnine 在1908年分别报道。此后有多位学者对此进行观察,并有报告发生心搏停止,甚至死亡的病例。例如 Kirsch 的一例视网膜脱离手术患者,在处理眼外肌后不久,就心搏停止而死亡。Mallinson 也报告一3岁幼儿行眼肌退后和缩短时,心搏停止而死亡。足见此反射有其重要性。我们观察了52例斜视患者手术中的心率改变,比较针麻和药麻时的反应,部分作了心电图描绘。报道如下:The heart-rate was taken for 52 patients undergoing strabismus surgery(26 cases by acupunctureand 26 cases by local anesthesia)at the following steps:incision of conjunctiva,separation of subcon-junctival tissue,hooking of muscle,division of check ligament,suturing of muscle and severing ofmuscle.A lowering of heart-rate over 10 beats/min.was considered to be a positive oculocardiac re-flex.In a total of 52,73.8%showed a positive reflex;in terms of 90 muscle manipulations positivereflex appeared in 60%;no significant difference was found between the acupuncture and local anes-thetic groups.The heart-rate of the acupuncture group generally showed a smaller decrease for allsteps,but there was no significant statistical difference.Both groups showed a most significant drop of heart-rate and highest incidence of positive reflexduring the hooking of muscles.Maneuvering of the internal rectus elicited a higher positive reflexthan the external rectus;the inferior oblique,superior and inferior recti also ga a high incidence of reflex.No significant difference was noted between recession and resection,or the sequence ofmuscle manipulaion.637|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：手术过程中,由于麻醉剂的应用和手术的刺激,对机体循环系统功能影响较大,尤其是对有心血管疾病的患者。针刺麻醉在临床上的应用,就可能避免手术中麻醉药物对循环系统的不良作用,而且还可能在一定程度上激发机体调整功能,为了探讨针麻的安全性,我们用心电图,心音图,颈动脉搏动图同步记录测定分析心室收缩期不同时相,观察了100例针麻下和50例硬膜外麻醉下腹式全子宫切除术对左心室功能状态的影This paper deals with the impacts of abdominal hysterectomy under acupunctural or epidural ane- sthesia on the function of the left ventricle,based on 100 cases of acupuncture anesthesia and 50 cases of epidural anaesthesia.Systolic time intervals,the myocardium oxygen consumption and the coeffic-ient of heart capability were determined and analysed in 33 cases of acupuncture anaesthesia and 18cases of epidural anesthesia complicated with cardiovascoular disease.As s result,the epidirual anes-thesia apparently influenced the rate of heart.While under the acupuncture anesthsia the functionof the left ventricle comparatively stable.We believe,therefore,that acupuncture is a relatively safe means for anesthesia.918|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针麻的特点之一是病人在清醒状态下接受手术。近年来针刺镇痛的原理研究多在急性实验条件下进行,并获得一些可贵资料,阐明了中枢神经系统参与针刺镇痛。我们认为在清醒的不麻醉状态下进行慢性动物实验研究也可能是研究针麻原理的另一个方面,条件反射即为其中的方法之一。最早,条件反Investigating the role of the cerebral cortex in acupuncture analgesia,we consider that operant conditioning in a woken and freely moving animal is different from those obtained in an acuteexperiment.In this article operant conditioning was established by stimulating the paw of rats.Therats was conditioned to press a lever and thus interruping the noxious stimulation.This behavior co-uld be changed after electroacupuncture on points “Huantiao” and “Zusanli” for 20 min.,i.e.star-ting to press the lever slow down than before or the rats did not give any response even the noxiousstimulation applied on it's paw.A similar effect was obtained by intravenous injection of dolantin(40mg/Kg),but the inhibition was stronger than the acupuncture effect.If the cerebral cortex of ratswas partially removed,both the rate of established and the stability of operant conditioning were red-uced or the conditioning reflex could not be formed any longer.From above results we consider thatthe cortex does play a role i the regulation of pain.867|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我国针刺麻醉的大量临床实践已经证明,针麻对某些手术可作为常规麻醉手段之一,也有大量实验研究说明针刺的镇痛、调整作用的机理。但有关针麻原理的人体实验研究为数较少。在国外,多数人看到针刺确有镇痛作用,并认为,有中枢内啡素等物质参与。但有少数人认为针刺麻醉主要是催眠麻醉的一种,或主要是心理因素的作用。也有用信号检测论方法进行研究,或则证明针刺确有镇痛作用,或则认为针刺镇痛主要只是心理性的报痛标准的提高。我国也有工作用此方法分析针刺镇痛效应,观察到针刺能降低痛分辨力,和佯针有明显的区别。在肺切除的临床实践中看到手捻针刺三Experiments were made in 21 healthy volunteers.The sensory decision theory(SDT)method.was used.The results were as follows:1.Manual acupuncture of a single point at “Sanyangluo”resulted in a significant analgesic effectexpressed in the marked decrease of the occurrence of pain and severe pain in the pain assessment ses-sion.2.The analgesic effect of acupuncture was accompanied by an elevation of the blood level of endor-phins and an inhibition of histamine response against painful stimuli.3.After acupuncture,the sensory discrimination(d')was decreased significantly,while the respo-nse bias(Cx)was significantly increased,but the d'of controls was also decreased.4.The analgasic effect and any of the above mentioned indices weare not correlated with the degreeof the suggestibility of the subjects.The suggestion factor thus did not seem to be an important factorunderlying acupuncture analgesia.1084|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：应用各种不同的实验方法证明:针刺镇痛过程中常伴随着中枢神经系统介质的变化,而改变中枢的介质水平可影响针刺镇痛的效果,说明神经介质在针刺镇痛过程中起着重要的作用。已知延脑网状结构巨细胞核是痛觉传递的一个驿站,并参与针刺镇痛作用。我们应用多管微电极电泳的方法,试图观察某些神经介质对这一核团神经元痛反应的影响,并与针刺的作用进行比较.It has been known that neurotransmitters may play a marked role in acupuncture analgesia,and that changes in tha level of neurotransmitters in CNS may occur during acunupcture analgesia.It is the-refore desirable to investigate the relationship between acupuncture analgesia and the neurotransmittersin CNS.Microelectrophoretic technique was used to study the effect of some transmitters on thenociceptive response of neurones in the nucleus gigantocellularis,and the effect was compared with that of electric needling.The experiments were performed on 28 Chloralosed cats immobilized with Flaxedil.The left ma-jor splanchic nerve was placed on a bipolar silver electrode for noxious stimulation.Five of sevenbar rel electrodes were employed to record the discharge potential evoked by the stimulation,and themicroelectrophoresis of the neurotransmitters was given one after another.The spikes were displayedon an oscilloscope,and integrated on a pen-recorder.In twenty eight cats,fifty four neurones were found to sensitive to high voltage stimulationof the splanchnic nerve.Such neurones had long latency and lacked adaptation to the noxious stimula-tion.Their firing were depressed by the administration of morphine hydrochloride(5mg/kg i.v.),andthus,they were referred to as nociceptive neurones.The results showed that the nociceptive firings of a majority of the neurones were depressed byneedling “Zusanli” and Weishu “or by nor-adrenaline(NA),acetylcholine(ACh)and 5-hydroxytryp-tamine(5-HT)administered by microelectrophoresis.Other neurones were unaffected,and a few exci-ted.The marked decrease of the neuronal firings occurred in thirty out of forty six units(65%)byneedling,twenty nine oat of fifty(58%),seventeen out of forty two(40%)and five out of twentyfour(20%)by NA,ACh and 5-HT respectively.Marked inhibitory effect was produced by electricneedling or NA.The mode of action and the time course of inhibition by needling and NA weresimilar.Among thirty six units examined before,during and after the electrophoretic ministrationof NA and needling,thirty one(86%)showed similar responses to needling and NA.The results suggested that electroneedling might enhance the release of noradrenaline at the levelof medulla and it might be an important factor in the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia.676|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：在针麻原理研究中,我国工作者分别论述了中枢神经系统不同部位及神经介质在针刺镇痛机制中的作用。部分文献报导了针刺诱导和针刺镇痛对脑分区乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量和胆碱酯酶(ChE)活力的影响。但这方面工作较少,结果也不一致。为了增加对胆碱能神经介质在针刺镇痛机制中作用的了解,我们观察了电针镇痛时家兔尾核、下丘脑、大脑皮层 ACh 含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力的变化。890|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我们过去曾在休克动物上证明针刺人中具有抗休克效应,并认为这种效应与改善内脏器官血流量及心功能有关。国内还曾先后报导,刺激人中、内关等穴可引起明显的加压反应。本工作旨在既往工作的基础上,应用一定强度、频率与波宽的电流,分别刺激人中、足三里、曲池等不同穴位,观察血压反应,作出定量比较,并观察针刺引起加压反应时不同血管床(后肢、小Experiments were performed on 40 cats under ether anesthesia for operation.As soon as the operation had finished,flaxedil(5mg/kg)was given intravenously to paralyse skeletal muscles and simultaneously artificial respiration was performed for subsequent observation.To prevent coagulation,heparin(5-10 mg/kg)was given intravenously.In addition to monitoring blood pressure of thecommon carotid artery,the hindlimb,intestinal,renal and splenic blood flow were recorded by aphotoelectric flowmeter before and after stimulation of Philtrum(人中),Zusanli(足三里),Quchi(曲池),saphenous nerve and a pointless area on the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.The peri-pheral vascular resistance and its change rate were also calculated.For comparison,carotid body che-mo-receptors were stimulated by lobeline and the blood flow of the common carotid artery was inter-rupted so as to evoke a pressor response in part of the animals.The experimental results showed:1.If the intensity and frequency of electrical current were gh enough,stimulation of the threepoints and the saphenous nerve could all induce a pressor reaction respectively.Stimulation of thepointless area,however,would not induced significant blood pressure reaction.The difference amongthe five groups was significant.The magnitude of pressor reaction among the points was basically inthe same degree.Therefore,there is no specificity of point so far as pressor reaction is concerned.The pressor rection induced by acupuncture may therefore be the result of the stimulation of a soma-tic nerve.2.The blood flow in hindlimb,intestine,kidney and spleen all decreased and the vascular resis-tance in all increased,when pressor reaction was induced by stimulation of the points and the saphen-ous nerve respectively.The change rate of the vascular resistance in the four organs was about equalto one another.However,the the reaction of the renal resistance vessel was weaker in pressor reac-tion induced by occlusion of the common carotid artery than in the other pressor reactions.Theeaction of the splenic resistance vressel was weaker in the pressor reaction induced by stimulation ofthe carotid body than in the other pressor reactions.The present work suggests that the functionalbehaviours of different vascular beds are not necessarily in the same degree,and the outflow to diffe-rent peripheral vessels from the vasomotor center seems to be uniform.747|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：合谷穴与涌泉穴都是临床上常用的穴位,因此对该等穴位内针感感受器的研究也较多。一般在针刺该等穴位时,产生针感的部位多在深部肌层。不少学者认为形成针感的感受器应在肌肉内,并根据组织学与生理学方法的研究,提出针刺时所兴奋的深部感受器可能是肌梭。为了探讨计感形成的机理,我们对含肌肉较多的合谷穴与涌泉穴肌肉内的感受器进行了观察。785|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近来,经穴电学特异性的研究再度引起国际的重视。一系列报导表明经穴具有高电导(即低电阻)的特性是肯定的。这就证实了50年代以来国内外在这方面的大量研究工作。然而,这些工作主要是以经典著作中的穴位“点”为研究对象,而对经络循行的“线”的电学特性尚缺乏探讨。近年,我们的工作表明人群中的绝大多数都可以用一种简便而重复性强的方法,查出一种特异性的信息传导轨迹,称为Employing an impulsive electrical impedance detector,the skin conductance of various points,including acupuncture and don-acupuncture points,on the line of latent propagated sensation alongthe large intestine channel was found to he higher than that of its adjacent area.No significant diffe-rence was found among people with prominent and latent propagated sensations along channel.Thisfact indicates that not only the acupuncture points,but the entire course of channel are also of lowerelectrical impedance.849|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：已经证明人体普遍存在的隐性循经感传线具有低阻抗特性。动物体表是否也有类似的循经低阻线?这个问题对阐明经络的存在及其实质将有重要意义。实验在10只大白鼠和3只家兔相当于人体胃经的部位进行。皮肤电阻的测定用 CDMUsing two skin electrical impedance detectors,a low impedance line of 0.5mm in width,corresponding to the Stomach Channel of men was found on albino rats and rabbits.At most points of thisline,the skin impedance was found below 300 kilo-ohm,whereas that of the control points,i.e.2-3mm apart from the line,was above 500 kilo-ohm.The location of the line is relatively stable.Nosignificant difference was found among animals and among the determinations in various days foreach animal.Some experiments showed that this line is also an higher electrical potential line.Care-ful examinations showed that the skin of this line is paler and less abondant of hair than its adjacentareas.768|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：在以叩击法检查大肠经隐性循经感传线时,用一个听诊器放在大肠经的一点(如臂臑)可以听到当叩诊锤达到该经的另一点(如合谷)时,叩击音发生音量和音调的显著变化,一般表现为音量增加和音调变清,这种变化与受试者主诉的麻、传导感同步.听诊点和叩击点的距离一般可以超过两个大关节。如果用生理记录仪(SJ一4I 型)的心音装置测试,则可以记录到叩击隐性感传线上与线内外两侧对照点在音量上的显著差别。如果用皮肤阻抗测定仪(CDM1,2型),When percussing one point of the line of latent propagated sensation of large intestine channel,a specific percussion sound can be picked up by stethoscope,placed other points along this line.This sound can he recorded and differentiated from the points adjacent to the line by a heart sound transducer on a physiological polygraph(SJ-41).In addition to the specific percussion sound and the lowelectrical impedance,under careful examination the skin of this percussed line showed also some mor-phological peculiarities as compared with its adjacent areas.894|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：血循环中去甲肾上腺素(NA)的水平可用以反映外周交感神经的活动情况,不同脑区组织内去甲肾上腺素含量可以反映中枢神经系统去甲肾上腺素能神经的机能状态,但都需要一种微量的分析方法,为此,我们改建了去甲肾上腺素的放射酶测定法。在去甲肾上腺素的测定中,经典的生物测定法虽然敏感,但去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺A simple,sensitive and specific radioenzymetic assay for the measurement of noradrenaline has been improved.This assay is based on the noradrenaline transforming into 3H-adrenaline(3H-adrenaline(3H-AD)in the presence of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase(PNMT)and 3H-AD)in the presence of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase(PNMT)and 3H-sadenosyl-methionine(3H-sadenosyl-methionine(3H-SAME).PNMT was extracted from fresh bovine adrenals.3H-AD was counted by a liquid scin-tillation counter.The sensitivity of this method is about 50pg.It is applicable in the measurementof NA kor many body tissues and fluids,including brain and plasma.895|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：辣根过氧化物酶(Horseradish Peroxidase 简称 HRP),最早由 Richard、Graham 和Karnovsky,(1968年)等人用来研究肾近端小管的早期吸收情况,将 HRP 注入鼠静脉内,间隔一定时间进行观察。在70年代初期,Kristensson 是将 HRP 用于神经系统联系的创始人,他的第一部分工作是在周缘神经腓肠肌内注射 HRP 而观察中枢(前角运动细胞)的 HRP 阳性标记细胞。其第二部分工作是将 HRP 注入舌肌观察舌下神经核内的标The horseradish peroxidase(HRP)method was established at the begining of 1970's.Using the HRP method for the observation of the segmentation of sympathetic afferent neuronsof the stomach,we found it suitable that the value(RZ)of HRP was over 2.5,concentration 10%and the total injected volume 80-100μl.The injection speed was 1 μl per minute.The duration of survival of the experimental animals for observation varied according to theirsize.For big animals(cat,rabbit)four to five days were needed.The fixation fluid used was only2% paraformaldehyde dissolved in phosphate acid buffer with pH 7.2-7.3.The perfusion should beperformed under 0°-4°C,so that the activity of HRP could be kept.In staining,a concentration of0,05 3,3,-diaminobenzidine(DAB)was used and twice staining would be preferred.First,the sectionswere incubated in DAB solution in aconstant temperature of 37℃ for 30 min.then H_2O_2 was addedinto the DAB solution under room temparature(18°-20°)for 30 min.The dark brown granulae inthe ner cells were clearly seen after the above procedure had been applied.The result showed that the above mentioned method was effective in the tracing back to the rela-tion of the peripheral nervous system.849|2|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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