最新刊期
1982年第1期
- 摘要：①本文介绍了针刺运动疗法,讨论了运动对针刺止痛作用的临床研究。运动的速度,运动的方向、运动的角度和运动的幅度主要决定于针感的强度。针刺时运动话动可提高治愈率,实验组与对照组之疗效在统计学上有显著的差异(P<0.01)。针刺后紧跟着的运动活动是使疼痛获得持久缓解的决定因素。②本文讨论了运动控制感觉输入的实验研究工作,近来研究证明运动输出和感觉输入之间在皮层水平发生明显的相互作用。主动运动或被动运动可抑制伤害性刺激诱发的躯体感觉诱发电位,晚成分比早成分受影响更明显,提示随意运动和感觉输入之间的相互作用可能产生于传入系统的非特异部分。③运动系统和感觉系统不是孤立的,互不相关的,而是相互作用、相互影响。运动对感觉的控制作用具有重要的临床意义,针刺运动疗法已成功的运用于临床。④除了运动止痛所特有的作用之外,运动止痛和针刺止痛之间可能有相似的止痛机制。主动运动的运动输出控制伤害性传入是运动止痛的一个特征,运动传入激活中枢疼痛抑制系统发放下行冲动,加强下行抑制是运动止痛的另一个特征。⑤针刺运动疗法包括相互联系的两阶段,第一阶段针刺提高痛阀或耐痛阈,产生疼痛的暂时缓解,为运动患部提供了条件,第二阶段在第一阶段的基础上紧跟着的主动或被动运动是使疼痛获得持久缓解的决定因素。前者作用的部位主要在脊髓,后者作用的部位主要在脊髓上位中枢,脊髓上位中枢发放下行抑制冲动在底节、丘脑、脑干网状結构和脊髓水平控制伤害性传入,使伤害性刺激在中枢神经系统内产生的异常活动模式恢复到正常的活动模式,从而产生疼痛的持久缓解。969|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：许多资料报导,丘脑束旁核与痛觉的感受有密切的关系。本实验室以往的工作表明,丘脑束旁核内存在着痛兴奋单位(Pain-excitation unit,PEU)和痛抑制单位(Pain-inhibition unit,PIU),当伤害性刺激作用于机体时可引起PEU活动增The unit discharges in n. parufascicularis of the thalamus in albino rats were studied with glass microelectrode. The following results were obtained. 1.The means of threshold and weak stimulation intensities were found to be 12.67 v and 7.87 v for PEU (pain-excitation unit), 12.11 v and 8.55 v for PIU (pain-inhibition unit) respectively. The statistical difference between the thresholds or weak stimulation intensities of PEU and PIU was not signigicant (P>0.05). 2. The duration of evoked responses of PEU or PIU was short with weak stimulus and long with strong stimulus. The response patterns of these 2 kinds of units could not be changed by altering the stimulation intensity. 3. Effects of stimulating the ipsilateral and contralateral sciatic nerves on PEU and PIU were similar. Change of stimulating duration or repetitive stimulation did not alter the discharge pattern of PEU and PIU. From the results of our experiments, it is believed that PEU and PIU may be two different types of neurons.776|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺穴位所引起的镇痛作用是通过机体内因实现的一种生理性镇痛。大量研究资料证明针刺是通过神经,特别是中枢神经系统发挥镇痛作用的。近十几年来发现脑内存在有内在的镇痛系统。此系统涉及到脑室周围和导水管周围灰质以及一些其他结构并通过最后的驿站延脑的下行抑制In recent years, many investigators have demonstrated that there is an intrinsic analgesic system in the brain, which centres around the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter. It could activate the neuron of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), a descending inhibitory system, which in turn blocks the trasmission of nociceptive information in the dorsal horn,and then the analgesia is produced. The analgesic action of opiate and the focal brain stimulation are both involved in this intrinsic analgesic system. The aim of the present work is to see whether the electro-acupuncture canactivate the neuron of the NRM and inhibit its response of pain. Experiments were carried out on 74 male rats. The spontaneous discharge of single unit of NRM was recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrode. The frequency of the spontaneous discharge was different, most of which was 0.5 20/sec and some 20～50/sec. 1. The response of the spontaneous discharge of the NRM cells upon the electro stimulation of the major splanchnic nerve: observations upon 239 neurons with train impulses for 50-100msec. revealed that the intensity of the stimulation was about 20v, the frequency 100/sec, and duration of each impulse 0.5 msec. The firing rate of 155 neurons were increased and 45 decreased by the stimulation. The former were called excitatory type neurons, and the latter inhibitory.8 neurons were inhibited first and then followed by excitatory response, and the other seven were reversal and 24 neurons had no response. We consider that the excitatory type neurons may be raphespinal cells and they may play a negative feedback control role on the input of pain information into the dorsal horn. 2. The effect of electro-acupuncture of Zusanli point for 5 minutes on the spontaneous discharge of NRM units and the response of pain stimulation: In the 38 neurons of NRM investigated, 28 neurons were excitatory. Of the 28 cells, spontaneous discharge was activated upon 18 cases, inhidited in one case, activated at the beginning and then inhibited in one case,and 8 were unaffected by electro-acupuncture. Seven neurons were inhibitory. Of these 7 inhibitory neurons, the firing rate of 3 cells were increased, one was gained first and followed by reduction and three had no response. One cell, which was excited first and followed by inhibitory response upon pain stimulation, was activated. The 2 units, which did not response on pain atimulation, were ineffctive upon electro-acupuncture. The effect of electro-acupuncture on the pain response was observed upon 33 of the 38 units, which consisted of 23 excitatory neurons, 7 inhibitory neurons and 3 inefficient neurons. Of these 23 excitatory neurons, the pain response of 15 units, which were activated by electro-acupuncture, were decreased, except one being enhanced and another haveing no change. The pain response of 7 units, whose spontaneous discharge was not affected by electro-acupuncture, exhibited no influence upon 4 and increasedupon 3. The pain response of one unit, whose spontaneous discharge was decreased by electro acupuncture, was increasedby electro-acupuncture. Upon the 7 inhibitory neurons, three had activation of spontaneous discharge and their pain response was inhibited by electro acupuncture.Three had no change of spontaneous discharge upon activation and their pain response was not affected by electo-acupuncture. That one whose spontaneous dischargee was excitatory at first and then inhibitory showed elevation of pain response caused by electro acupuncture. The firing rate and response to pain were not affected by electro-acupuncture upon the 2 units, which were indifferent to pain stimulation. The results showed that the spontaneous discharge of NRM neurons could be activated and the pain response inhibited by electro-acupuncture. It is suggested, that analgesia of electro-acupuncture may be produced by activa ting the intrinsic analgesic system.1100|1|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：按祖国医学理论,针刺怍为外因,通过体内各调节系统产生效应.针刺镇痛则是通过激活和加强体内的抗痛系统而实现。在吗啡镇痛的研究中,提出脑内存在抗痛系统,脑室—导水管周围灰质(PAG)是吗啡镇痛的高效区,富有阿片受体及脑啡肽神经元,微量注入吗啡或电刺激PAGIn our previous work, it has been shown that PAG, rich in opiate receptors and enkephalins, might play a critical role in acupuncture analgesia. In the present work the effect of acupuncture on spontaneous and noxious-evoked response in PAG and its relation to enkephalins were in vestigated by the technique of iontophoresis. There were four types of response in spontaneous neuronal discharge to acupuncture applied to Zusanli points: no response (3/53), excitatory Present Address: Beijing Capital Hospital. Yiantai district Institute of Medicine, Shandong response (7/53), excitatory response followed by inhibitory response(40/ 53) and inhibitory response (3/53). The increase of the firing rate of most neurons(47/53)in PAG suggests that PAG may be activated by acupuncture. The inhibitory effect by acupuncture, including the inhibitory response following pre excitatory response, was reversed in most neurones (20/24) by naloxone applied iontophoretically. It is assumed that the endogenous morphine like sudstance released by activation of PAG and other related structures may be involved in the inhibitory response mediated by a negative feed back regulation. The PAG nociceptive response, either strengthened or weakened by morphine applied iontophoretically, were attenuated by acupuncture in most cases. It is postulated that the activation of the descending inhibitory pa thway to block the transmission of nociceptive information may play an important role in acupuncture analgesia.881|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：应用阿片受体拮抗剂对抗针刺镇痛的实验观察已在人猴、猫、兔、大鼠及小鼠等动物上得到证实,说明中枢内源性阿片样物质(OLS)参与针刺镇痛;中枢5-羟色胺(5-HT)在针刺镇痛中的重要作用也已被确认。这两者在针刺镇痛过程中的作用具有密切的相互关系。本工作中,Intraventricular (ivt) injection of 40 μg of naloxone, which is sufficient to block completely analgesia elicited by i. v. injection of 6mg/kg of morphine,caused only a partial (50～55%) blockade of electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA) in the rabbit. It implies that the mechanism for EAA is smilar to, but not identical with, that of morphine analgesia. The effect of EAA could also be blocked by 40% by ivt injection of 60 μg of cinanserin, the serotonin antagonist. While doubling the dose of nal oxone or cinanserin brought about no further attenuation of EAA, the combined administration of both antagonists reduced the effect of EAA by 74%. The results imply that; (1) both endogenous opioids and serotonin are important for mediation of EAA, (2) there may be a certain degree of overlapping between these two mechanisms, and (3) neurochemical me chanisms other than endogenous opioids and serotonin may be operating for mediation of EAA.909|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：内源性鸦片样物质(OLS)在针刺镇痛过程中起着十分重要的作用。我们实验室曾用放射受体分析法(RRA)测定大鼠电针镇痛时脑和垂体OLS的含量变化,发现电针镇痛效果与脑内OLS的含量呈正相关。但是体内的OLS系由脑啡肽、β-内啡The β-endorphin content of the whole brain and pituitary of the normal rat as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was found to be 8.9±3.0pg/mg (n = 9) and 5.7 ± 1.2ng/mg (n=11) respectively. In order to evaluate the relationship between cerebral β-endorphin and the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia (AA), a total of 31 rats were divided into 3 groups of 9-11 rats according to the analgesic effect elicited by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation as poor, medium and good responders and decapitated immediately after the EA stimulation for RIA of β-endorphin. Taking the β-endorphin content in mormal control rats as 100%, the cerebral content in the 3 EA stimulated groups was 198, 370 and 1074% respectively. The results indicated that the stronger the analgesic effect, the higher the β-endorphin content in the brain. In the pituitary gland, a significant incresse (+110%) of β-endorphin content was found only in the good responder group, whereas in poor and medium responder groups a tendency of decrease by 50% was observed, although these changes were statistically not significant. A correlative change between the cerebral and pituitary content of β-endorphin and the effectiveness of AA provided a new evidence for the participation of β-endorphin in the mediation of AA.985|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：自从发现脑内有高浓度的P物质(简称SP)以后,对SP的中枢效应进行了许多研究。由于SP在脊髓背根中浓度特别高,因此被认为是一种感觉神经元的递质。1976年Stewart等将低剂量的SP由脑内(2毫微克/只小鼠)或腹腔(5毫微克/只小鼠)注入小鼠能产生明显的镇痛效应,并能被纳洛酮(Naloxone)所逆转。此后The analgesic effect of the synthetic substance P was reinvestigated in mice. The result indicates that the peptide did not produce any detectable analgesic effect in mice. No differences were found in intraventricular or intraperitoneal administrations; the same is true for a wide range of dosages (2 ng, 5 ng, 50ng, 2μg/mouse for intraventricular route and 10μg/mouse for intraperitoneal route). The present finding does not support the conclusion reported by many other investigators.934|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：通过前一阶段实验,我们初步观察到,在经络疗法治疗头痛的研究中,以20%当归液刺激背部俞穴,有效患者血浆中多巴胺-β-羟化酶(DβH)含量降低,并具显著性。但针刺治疗头痛时血浆DβH含量的变化尚未见报导。为了进一步了解神经介质在针刺镇痛过程中的作用,现将针刺治疗头痛对血浆DβH含量的变化报导如下。870|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：关于针麻原理,国内学者已提出不少论点。按祖国医学经络脏腑学说认为,针刺是通过经络系统的传导,影响气血而起镇痛作用;神经观点则认为,针刺是通过神经系统而发挥作用的,根据近代对神经系统活动,神经兴奋抑制传导,与神经介质的产生和22 rats were used as the experimental model test. 12 of them were used as the control group, and 10 were used as the experimental group. Electric-acupuncture at the acupuncture point, Tsusanli (足三里) on both legs of the rats was used to investigate the effect of anesthesia. After thirty minutes of simple electric-acupuncture five rats with elevation of threshold of pain>30% were thought to be the group of effective analgesia; however,the other five that the threshold of pain was elevated<2% were thought to be the negative group. Then we respectively determined the units of the carbonic anhydrase of the brain regions. The experimental results showed that the activity of carbonic anhydrase in several parts of brain of effective group was inhibited apparently. In comparing the result with the control group, the difference was very significant (cerebrum p<0.05, cerebellum p = 0.01 brain stem p<0.01). However, there was no apparent difference in negative group (cerebrum p>0.05, cerebellum p>0.05, brain stem p>0.05). The results of the animal experiments indicate that the carbonic anhydrase of brain may have the effect on the action of acupuncture analgesia. According to Ashby, carbonic anhydrase exists in cerebral cortex and greywhite substance of the brain. It can accelerate the speed of extension of the stimulation in the central nervous system. By inhibition, the excited cerebrum will be inhibited. In EEG, the exciting type wave was changed into the resting type wave. How did the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of the brain change the excited brain into inhibited? Ashby suggested that activity of carbonic anhydrase was related with carbohydratic metabolism and energy metabolism and change the pH of brain. Achav has pointed out that the activity of carbonic anhydrase may lead to change the ion permeability of cellular membrane. These factors shall influence the metabolism of some neurotransmitters.Moreover they shall influence the nerve cells to change the transmission mechanism of some neurotransmitters.899|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：1870年Heidenhain首先发现狗胃粘膜的嗜银细胞(以后有人称之为肠嗜铬细胞,基底颗粒细胞或内分泌细胞),近百年来学者们对它的形态和功能进行了大量的研究,积累了丰富资料,1930年Masson提出肠嗜铬细胞可能是一种神经分泌细胞,1952年Erspamer证明嗜银细胞中含有5-羟色The correlation between the number of argentaffin cells in gastric mucosa and the effectiveness of acupuncture anesthesia in 26 cases of patients subjected to subtotal gastrectomy has been studied. The number of argentophile cells, stained by Bodian's protein silver method, was relatively invariable and has no correlation with the effectiveness of acupuncture anesthesia. However, the number of argentaffin cells stained by the ammoniacal silver method, was closely related to the effectiveness of acupuncture anesthesia and was much higher in cases of grade 1 than in cases of grade Ⅲ. Specimens of gastric mucosa surgically removed from 26 cases of subtotal gastrectomy were observed with electronmicroscope. A great number of immature endocrine cells were found in fundic glands of stomach and their number and structure did not correlate with the effectiveness of acupuncture anesthesia. But the mature endocrine cells, especially the proportions of the liberation type of argentaffin cells, increased in cases of grade Ⅲ. We consider that the primary effect of acupuncture anesthesia lies in inhibiting the 5-HT liberation of the argentaffin cells in gastric mucosa.590|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：祖国医学实践证明,头面部刺镇痛和针刺治病效果显著;近年来开展的头面部针剌麻醉也取得了较为满意的效果。神经解剖学记载,颜面部痛、温觉是经三叉神经传入到同侧三叉神经脊束核的。电生理学研究表明:在此核的尾段可记录到“痛”细胞放电.可见,三叉神经和三叉神经尾侧脊束核After making a partial lesion on the spinal caudal trigeminal nucleus of the rabbit with the stereotaxic apparatus, the sections of the brain stem and the spinal cord were stained by the Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer techiques. The efferent fiber projections of this nucleus in the central nervous system were observed.The results were as follows. 1. The spinal caudal trigeminal nucleus gives rise to the ascending fibers projecting bilaterally into ventral posteromedial nucleus and parafasiculocentro-median complex of the thalamus, and a few of the ascending fibers project to the medial regions of the medial geniculate body bilaterally, but predominantly in the contralateral side. 2. A large number of fibers from this trigeminal nucleus project onto bilateral dorsal and ventral reticular nuclei and gigantocellular reticular nuclei, and also to the ipsilateral parvocellular and lateral reticular nuclei. 3. Some fibers coming from this trigeminal nucleus project to some other nuclei, such as the ipsilateral spinal oral and principal nuclei of the trigeminl nerve, the spinal vestibular nucleus, the bilateral vestibular nuclei and solitary tract nuclei, and to the ipsilateral motor trigeminal nucleus, the oculomotor nucleus, the bilateral dorsal vagal nuclei, the hypoglossal nuclei and the facial nuclei. 4. The fibers from this trigeminal nucleus also project to the bilateral cuneatus nuclei, cuneatus lateral and medial accessory olivary nuclei, the tectum of the midbrain,and the magnocellular raphe nucleus,and enter periaqueductal gray matter, the ipsilateral locus coeruleus and vermis of the cerebellum, etc. 5. The fibers from the spinal caudal trigeminal nucleus descend to end in the ipsilateral nucleus proprius cornu dorsalis, the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and the bilateral anterior horn of the sginal cord (c_1-c_3) 6. The functions of these fiber connections in the facial acupuncture analgesia and anaesthesia were discussed.952|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：引言我国独创的针麻已经成为一种麻醉办法在临床中应用。针麻效果确有能达到象科教电影和示范表演那样的优秀的麻醉水平.可是,总的说来现在针麻的镇痛效果,还不够满意,影响着针麻的进一步普及推广. 尽管针麻镇痛不全,但是针麻的诞生促进了人们对疼痛的研究兴趣,促进了人们寻The experimental design of Latin Square have been used. Chief results are as follows: Acupuncture, electro vibration and wax applied at the points could all raise the pain threshold (P<0.01). Acupuncture combined with electro vibration or wax application gave better results than acupuncture alone (P<0.05).778|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：“足三里”穴有全身性强壮作用,能“理脾胃”、“和肠消滞”、“通调经络气血作用”,为临床治疗腹腔内脏疾病的要穴,以“肚腹三里留”著称。在针麻手术中,多种外科、妇科手术以“足三里”穴做为体针麻醉的主穴.“足三里”穴完成这么多复杂功能的形态学基础是什么?下面对分布到“足This paper describes the nerve supplies of "Zusanli" and the characteristics of its afferent nerve fibers. The nerve fibers of "Zusanli" reach the nerve centre by the following pathways, namely, ischiadic nerve, femoral nerve, sympathetic nerve fibers about the vessels, and the sensational afferent nerve on the vascular wall, etc. The central projective positions of afferent nerve of "Zusanli" are described in detail, including the projective segment in the spinal cord, the projective areas in the spinal various laminae, the nucleus gracilis, the nucleus Cuneatus, the nucleus cuneatus externus, the nucleus tractus spinalis nerve trigemini and the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis in the medulla oblongata, etc. The morphological base of some functions of "Zusanli" is also represented.923|5|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近年来,在国内外对针灸的原理及针麻机制的探讨都非常重视,不少学者都试图从各门学科——生理、生化、组织、神经解剖学等不同的角度,用现代科学的先进方法对这一古老的医学实践进行深入的研究和探索. 在针麻原理的探讨中,很多学者都采用了七十年代两种追踪神经联系的新方法——Grait et al suggested the transganglia degeneration based on Waller's degenerations in 1970s. This paper mainly deals with its history, present conditions, methods, virtues and defects, differentiating it from other degeneration, and points out some problems for further resolution. We consider that this method is suitable for us to study the afferent tracts of the primary sensory nerve fibers and will certainly give light to the research on mechanisms of acupuncture and acupuncture anesthesia.734|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：采用针刺麻醉的方法可以减少疼痛,进行外科手术。这种麻醉方法的优点在于它没有其他各种麻醉药物所固有的对机体的有害影响,采用这种麻醉方法在手术时医生能够同病人保持联系。病人的血压、脉博和呼吸稳定. 术前必须给病人讲清楚这种方法的实质,因为在这种麻醉条件下,手术时病人是有知觉的,需要向病人说明手术的各阶段和可能产生的某些不适感觉。在术前二、三天内,必须对手630|33|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：全国兽医针灸针麻学术讨论会于1981年10月20日至25日在四川成都召开,参加会议的为来自全国各地区的代表66人,列席代表22人,还有参加西北地区中兽医结合学术研究会的代表65人也列席了会议. 会议收到学术论文共243篇,有44位代表在大会上宣读了49篇学术论文。这些论文的内容涉及针灸治疗、针刺麻醉、穴位经络,针灸作用原理.针灸新技术等等方面,内容相当丰富。846|52|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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