最新刊期
1982年第4期
- 摘要：阿片类制剂特别是吗啡具有较强的镇痛作用。但是反复使用时,它们的一些药理效应如:镇痛、降体温等便明显降低、只有增加药物剂量才能保持其原有的药理作用,这种现象称为耐受.反复用药还可造成机体对药物形成依赖性即成瘾,当突然仃止药物使用或使用阿片Since the development of tolerance to and dependence on opiate has been the most prominent drawback for the clinical use of narcotic analgesics, numerous studies have been done to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. In the present paper a brief survey was made from the biochemical point of view in an attempt to clarify the possible participation of serotonin, catecholamines, acetylcholine, brain peptides, cyclic nucleotides and calcium ions in the development of morphine tolerance and dependence. Moreover, the effect of long term morphine treatment on the dynamics of the number and affinity of opiate receptors as well as the changes in brain peptide synthesis were also discussed. It has been aware of recently that not only morphine analgesia but also acupuncture analgesia and stress induced analgesia are subjected to the development of tolerance. It is expected that the understanding of the biochemical basis of morphine analgesia will throw some light on the investigation of the underlying mechanisms for acupuncture tolerance and tolerance to stress analgesia as well.816|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我科在针刺麻醉下施行了246例次骨关节结核手术。现将初步体会总结报告如下: 临床资料一、一般情况施行骨关节结核手术246例次中:男性101例次,女性145例次。年龄最大者68岁,最In this article preliminary experience on 246 cases-operations of bone and joint tuberculosis under acupuncture anesthesia(A.A.)is reported. In it there are brief histories of 3 typical cases. Among them 188 operationswere done in patients with spine tuberculosis. Clinical data emphasize the analysis of kinds of operations, various manipulations,and patients' manifestation during operation,postacupunctural observation: operative sites and points for acupuncture in 33 cases with effect of I grade of A. A. This paper briefly discusses the indications for A.A., the comparison between A.A. and general anesthesia, giving cases of thoracotomy and necretomy for example, and recommends practical attention for avoiding painful sensation during operation. In 246 cases the results of operation under A.A. are: effect of Ⅰ grade in 37 cases (15%), effect of Ⅱ grade-137 (55.17%), effect of Ⅰ and Ⅱ grades—174 (70.7%), and failure in 5 cases (2%).598|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：用针刺、按压、或其他方法,对穴位进行刺激时,一种酸、麻、胀、重感或其他特殊感觉,便从被刺穴位开始,沿着或大体沿着古典所述经脉循行路线传导的现象(经络感传现象),在针刺疗法和针麻中,颇为常见.因此,从控制经络感传的方向和强化经络感传的程度入手,去提高针刺镇痛的效果,都受到普遍的重视。920|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近年来,国内外在医学和兽医学临床上,广泛地应用了针刺镇痛.并对针刺镇痛原理也进行了比较广泛地研究,提出针刺镇痛是痛觉传入信息和针刺传入信息在中枢神经系统的不同水平上相互整合作用的At present, using cortical evoked potentials (CEP) as an index, many researchers have studied the role of the cerebral cortex in acupuncture analgesia. However, to find out whether the cerebral cortex plays a role in acupuncture analgesia, the sudies must first center efforts on relatioship between CEP and pain, and between cerebral cortex and the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). Thirteen cats weighing 1.8-3kg were used in the present study. All the animals were kept conscious and inmobilized in all the process of the experiment. While somatosenaory area and Xieqi point (邪气穴) were stimulated, the spontaneous single discharge of the nueleus raphe magnus (NRM) were recorded, and at the same time the responses of levels before and after stimulation were observed and compared. The results are as follows: (1) In 55 spontaneous single discharges (SSD), frequency range was 0.5-3/sec, pulse amplitude-250-400μv, and the greatest reached Imv. (2) In 55 spontaneous single discharges, when somatosensory area was stimulated, SSD of all the nucleus raphe magnus were increased. (3) In 12 spontaneous single discharges, SSD were observed under the influences of the acupuncture point and pain stimulation. The results obtained are as follows: 9 SSD were not affected by pain stimulation, whereas, when acupuncture point were stimulated, SSD of the nucleus raphe mugnus were increased.845|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：以往不少实验认为,中缝核的5-羟色胺能系统与蓝斑核的去甲肾上腺素能系统在针刺镇痛过程中的作用是相互颉颃的.形态学观察表明,蓝斑核与中缝核之间存在着相互的纤维联系,两核团的相互关系以往也有一些报导:Jouvet提出破坏The effects of electrical stimulation of nucleus dorsal raphe (NDR) on the locus coeruleus (LC) unit firing were studied in un-anaesthetic paralyzed rats. The spontaneous discharge of LC cells was reduced by focal electrical stimulation of NDR and was significantly excited by lesion of NDR. This suggests that NDR has some tonic inhibitory action on LC under normal condition. After stopping stimulation of NDR and electroacupuncture (EA) the after-discharge of dorsal part of LC was mainly excited while that of ventral part of LC involving some subcoeruleus cells was mainly inhibited. It has been shown that there is a positive correlation between them. These results indicate that LC may be a common action link of both NDR stimulation and EA. The roles of dorsal part and ventral part of LC in mediating the effects of EA may be different. Their physiological function requires further investigation.817|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺镇痛是两种不同感觉传入相互作用的结果。刺激强度与频率是影响这种相互作用的基本因素,研究电针强度与频率对镇痛作用的影响是有重要意义的。关于强度的影响,过去报道的结果很不一致:有的认为电针强度增强,对疼痛反应的抑制效应增大The analgesic effects of "acupuncture" conditioned stimuli of different intensities and frequencies on "pain" test cortical evoked responses were observed in cats under chloralose and flexedil. Within a given stimulus interval (between the conditioned and the test stimulus), the test evoked responses were inhibited by coditioned stimuli. The inhibitory effects increased with the increase of the intensity of the conditioned stimuli within a given range (1-4 thresholds), but beyond these range, no matter how high the intensity was, the inhibitory effects remained the same. In case of frequency, when the stimulus interval was fixed, the inhibitory effects decreased with the increase of conditioned stimuli frequency (from 1-20Hz). But within the range of 0.1-1Hz, the inhibitory effects of different frequencies did not show significant difference. The possible mechanism and significance of these phenomena mentioned above were also discussed in this paper.862|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：通过临床观察与动物实验,我们阐述了切口旁(双)针镇痛效应是来源于电针对外周神经的局部作用,兄弟单位观察到高频电针可压抑与痛觉有关的Aδ与C波,并提出了同神经电针镇痛机制的概念。693|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺治疗,针刺麻醉都是根据经络学说。循经辨证选取一定经脉上的穴位,运用一定的手法,通调营卫气血,调整经络脏腑功能达到其治疗疾病和止痛的目的。860|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：临床与实验室工作已证明,针刺对血压具有双向性调整作用.针刺对休克或低血压状态,具有不同程度的升压作用;在高血压情况下,针刺又呈降压效应。关于这种双向性调整作用的途径与机理,既往文献多数为阐明神经作用的,至于体液因素仅涉及抗利尿素,肾上腺素和乙酰胆硷.There is evidence that renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the maintenance of arterial pressure. Many investigators suggested that regulating effect of acupuncture on arterial pressure was significant in the situation of hypertension or hypotension. These experiments were designed to study the acupuncture effect on plasma angiotensin Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ) level in 8 dogs with experimental hypertension or hypotension. Stimulation of the central end of femoral nerve dripping adrenalin into the vein, and removal of the carotid sinus nerves caused three types of experimental hypertension with a significant increase of plasma AT-Ⅱ. Acupuncture at the points Zusanli and Quchi produced a marked fall in arterial pressure and an accmpanying decrease of plasma AT-Ⅱ level (P<0.005). These results suggest that renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the decrease of arterial pressure by acupuncture on hypertension To drip acetylcholine into the vein caused experimental hypotension with increase of plasma AT-Ⅱ contents. Acupuncture at the points Suliao, Renzhong and Neiguan produced a striking rise in arterial pressure with a marked fall in plasma AT-Ⅱ level; extending the carotid sinuses led to experimental hypotension with a decrease of plasma AT-Ⅱ contents. Acupuncture at the same points produced a striking rise in arterial pressure with a increase of plasma AT-Ⅱ contents; bleeding from artery gave rise to experimental hypotension with high plasma AT-Ⅱ level. Acupuncture at the same points produced a rise in arterial pressure, but did not induce any significant change in plasma AT-Ⅱ level. These results suggest that renin-angiotensin system plays a different role in the three types of hypotension. After the removal of renal nerves, acupuncture still has an action to decrease the arterial pressure in hypertension, and to increase the arterial pressure in hypotension. These results suggest that renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in regulating the process of acupuncture on arterial pressure, but it is not the only way of action.812|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近代神经解剖学将脑干中缝的核团命名为中缝核或缝际核(Nuclei raphe)。Tabet等又把猫中缝核分为8个核团。DahIstrom等用荧光组织化学的方法,进一步研究了大白鼠脑干5-羟色胺神经元胞体的分布,并将其分为9群。而且证明中缝核团A totai of 35 cats were used in this investigation. Following sterectaxic injections 3H-Leucine or electrolytic lesions in the nucleus raphe magnus, efferent fibers were observed to emerge from the nucleus raphe magnus. The terminations were examined microscopically under brightfield and dark-field illumination. The terminal fields were distributed as follows Ascending fibers of nucleus raphe magnus were found in the nucleus parafascicularis and nucleus centralis of the thalamus, posterior area of the hypothalamus, central gray matter and reticular formation of midbrain. A few fibers were terminated in the nucleus raphe pontis, nucleus reticularis pontis, nucleus posterior commissure, superior colliculus, nucleus interpeduncularis and the pretetal area. Descending fibers of the nucleus raphe magnus terminated in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, nucleus reticularis paramedianus, nucleus olivaris inferior, nucleus tractus solitarii,nucleus motorius dorsalis ncrvi vagi and the marginal, gelatinous and magnocellular layer of the. spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The projection to the spinal cord is bilateral, via the dorsolateral funiculus. Terminal fields are found in the lamina Ⅰ Ⅱ and Lamina Ⅴ-Ⅶ of the dorsal horn and intermediate zone. In summary, the efferents of nucleus raphe magnus not only directly connect with the structure of the pain control but also with many of the other nuclei. It suggests that the nucleu raphe magnus is an important relay station for pain control.959|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：已经证明隐性循经感传(LPSC)线的全程皮肤都有阻抗较低的特性。这就显示这种人类普遍存在的经络线不仅可以反映在中枢神经系统的感觉机能上,而且很可能在体表具有某种物质或结构上的特殊性。803|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：含量在毫微克分子以下的神经肽一般是用生物检定或放射免疫分析法测定的。这两种方法虽然灵敏度高,检出量小,但生物检定往往因动物品种不同或季节不同,实验的数This paper reports the method of ultramicroanalysis of small neuropeptide and the technic of perfusion which was used for collecting samples. Twenty mililitres of the perfusate was enough to estimate the quantity, to analyse the amino acids composition and to determine amino acids sequence of the peptide. We used this technic succesfully to isolate and identify a new opiate tetrapeptide (Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala) which was found in our laboratory. This peptide from the perfusate of rabbit PAG was first purified through a small column of Amberlite XAD-2 and then chromatographed on a polyamide layer sheet. The quantity of this peptide in the perfusate of rabbit PAG was determined by the scanning method of developed fluorescent spot on polyamide layer sheet. The level of the tetrapeptide in the perfusate of the rabbit PAG was increased about 4.80±0.98 nmole/ml perfusate(n=10, p<0.001) after electroacupuncture, and decreased about 2.95±0.51 nmole/ ml perfusate(n=8, p<0.002)after stimulating the brain.These results show that the peptide is related to the mechanism of both prosseses of analgesia induced by electroacupuncture and brain stimulation,923|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：连续描记血压和通过静脉注射各种药物是生理学、药理学及针麻原理研究中常需用的方法。以往慢性实验多用间接测压法,不仅所测血压值与直接测压有一定误差,而且A method of chronically implanted arterial and veinal cannula has been established for the direct measurement of blood pressure and injecting varied drugs in unanesthetized rat. The arterial cannula is a "U"shaped polyethylene tube. The thin end is 1.5 cm long with a diameter corresponding to that of carotid artery, and the thick end is 5 cm long connected to a three-way stopcock. The rat, weighing 250-300g, was slightly anesthetized with ether. The thin end of the arterial cannula which was filled with heparinized saline (150 units/ml) was inserted into the left carotid artery. The thick end of cannula was across over the trachea, passing the skin of the neck, with the three-way stopcock fixed on the back of the rat. In order to prevent the blood coagulation, the arterial cannula was flushed every 6-10 hours with 0.5 ml (150 units/ml) of the heparinized saline solution. About 24 hours after surgery, the experiment might start. During the experiment, the arterial cannula was connected to a pressure transducer through the three-way stopcock for recording the blood pressure. In fifteen normal rats, the mean arterial blood pressure measured with this methode was 115 ±3mmHg. This result was similar to that in the litera ture. The veinal cannula is also a polyethylene tube. The fine end is 3cm long, with a diameter same as that of the femoral vein. The other end of the tube is about 4mm in diameter. After the thin end of the veinal cannula (filled with heparinized saline solution) had been inserted into the right femoral vein approximately 2cm, the other end of the cannula which was somewhat bent, passing through the groin area, was fixed on the back of the rat. The exposed end of the cannula was plugged with a stopper. During experiment, the stopper was taken off and the cannula could be connected to a syringe filled with drug solution for injection.680|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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