最新刊期
1983年第1期
- 摘要：自从1922年Alvarez首先从人体记录到胃的电活动以后,许多作者观察了动物和人体胃电活动的特征及其产生的机理。近十几年来随着无线电电子学技术的迅速发展和列胃肠道平滑肌电生理特征研究的不断深入,因而对胃电的研究引起了国内外广泛的兴趣和重视。认为胃电反应了胃的功能状态,可对胃的生理病理研究提供了一种客观的电学指标。国内有不少研究者以胃电为指标探讨经穴的特异性,经穴脏腑的相关联系及其针刺作用途径的分析。本文仅结合我们近年来的工作,着重介绍胃电的一些研究进展和针刺对胃电的调制作用问题。815|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：自73年～76年无选择地使用针麻拔牙术共1048例次,现整理如下: 方法全部病例由本科6名医务人员施行麻醉及手术,对多数患者只作简单解释,术前、术中均不给任何药物。按欲拔牙部位选好穴位后消毒进针,手捻者频率150～200次/分,一般要求有“得气”感。电针(应用G 6805或北京626-7A针麻仪)者,不管得气否,导联电极,一般不分正负。如电极导线有标志者,以正极置近手术穴位之毫针上。如为4个穴,可交错置电极,常用连续波型,通电强This paper reports 1,048 cases on tooth extractions under acupuncture anesthesia performed in our department from Mar. 1973 to Feb. 1976. Almost all the cases were unselected, except those indicated for tooth ex- tractions with "Instantaneous Method". Details in relation to the apparatus Type G-6805 or Type 626-7A (Beijing) were as follows: Wave form: continuous. Frequency: 150-200 times/min. by twisting with hand; 360 times/min. by electroacupuncture. Current: 7 mA usually. If the wire has signs, the positive pole was connected with the needle which was in the point and near the operated field. In the majority of cases two points were employed. The points Renkuang, Bichungou, Yaoji and Yaojishang were in the maxilla; the points Chenghai and Xiachicao in the mandible, and Hegu (L1-4) was the only point of extremity. Generally, the points were selected according to the locations of teeth. Only brief explanation was given to the cases. No analgesics were given to any of the patients before and during operations. The evaluation of the anesthesia effects was made in four grades in accordance with the criteria made by the Chinese Acupuncture Anesthesia Committee in 1972. Patients' age ranged from 6 to 80, about half of them being workers and peasants. Among the 1,048 cases, 1,007 cases with 1,211 teeth were extracted und er electroacupuncture. There was one case in which the time of operation lasted 84 minutes (grade Ⅰ). The statistical treatment of main data was shown as follows: 1) AA effects and location of the teeth: the anterior teeth showed the best effects, the molars the worst but the molars in maxilla were superior to the ones in the mandible(P<0.05). 2) AA had its least effect in the cases in which AA point Xiachicao was used (P<0.01 ). 3) AA effects and patients'age: grades Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in comparison with grade Ⅳ, showed significant difference(P<0.01). 4) The extraction of the impacted teeth and the teeth in the stage of acute imflammations showed the worst effects(P<0.01). 5) The AA induction times, 12'-15' proved to be appropriate except grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05 ). 6) The duration of operation averaged about 2 minutes but showed no significant difference between each two groups(P>0.05). 7) Using or not using the point-Hegu showed the same effect in our series of cases(P<0.01). The points, Renkuang and Chenghai were the first choice points for ex- traction of the twelve anterior teeth and they were the most important adjunct points for the other main points recommended by the authors. Our viewpoint is that beween the points and the trunk of the nerves there exists a close relation, or even the two things may be of the same entity. Complications occurred in 21 cases(1.9%). AA effects in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 78.36%, grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ 21.64%. In our opinion AA is superior to local anesthesia in several aspects, particularly, its frequency being stable, easy to control and more lasting etc. all of which are the advantages of the AA apparatus.910|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我国多年来关于针刺镇痛原理的研究表明,针刺镇痛作用是通过神经系统实现的。近年来证明脑内存在有内在的痛控制系统。它可通过延脑中缝大核下行抑制脊髓背角神经元,阻止痛信息的传入而起到镇痛作用。我们和一些研究者报道了刺激NRM可加强针刺的镇痛作用,而毁损NRM可使针刺的镇痛作用减弱。近来我们直接记录NRM神经元放电看到电针可激活NRM神经元的自发放电并抑制其伤害性反应,而且纳洛酮可以翻转此种效应Our Previous work demonstrated that the neurons of nucleus raphe magn- us(NRM) were activated and their nociceptive responses were inhibited by ele- ctroacupuncture(EA) of Zusanli point in rats and this effect could be reversed dy naloxone. The results suggest that the effect of EA on NRM, which consti- tutes a main origin in the descending inhibitory system, is mediated by endorph ine. However, it is known that periaqueductal gray matter(PAG)is dense with- opiat receptors ana rich in endorphine. It is a sensitive area that general an- algesia can be evoked by microinjection of morphine and local electrical stimula- tion. And there exists a close relation between PAG and NRM. The aim of the present work is to study the modulation of PAG on neurons of NRM and its role in electro-acupuncture analgesia(EAA). Experiments were performed on male rats anesthetized with urethane(lmg /kg). The spontaneous discharge of NRM unit and its nociceptive response in- duced by train impulses(frequency: 100Hz, train length: 50-100mSec, duration: 0.5 mSec, intensity: 20-30V)stimulation on rats tail were recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrode. 1. The EA of bilateral Zusanli point for 5 minutes could activate the majority of the neurons of NRM, increasing their unit discharges and inhi- biting their nociceptive responses. The changes, lasting about 20 minutes after EA, as compared with the basal values obtained before EA, were statistically significant(P<0.05-0.001). 2. When the noxious stimulus was excessively strong or repeatedly used, the stimulus itself could activate the unit discharge and inhibite the nocicep- tive response of NRM like EA. 3. After bilateral lesion of PAG with electrolysis (300μA, 0.5-1 minute) the level of unit discharge of NRM was increased. The activation on unit di- scharge and the inhibition on nociceptive response induced by EA were mar- kedly diminished or completely disappeared, and in some cases the nocicep- tive response even appeared enhanced. In the control group and in animals with bilateral lesion of PAG, the differance of EA effect estimated by unit discharge at 0 minute and nociceptive response within the initial 20 minutes was statistically significant(P<0.05-0.001). 4. In the rat with bilateral lesion of PAG, the inhibition of fentanyl(50μg /kg) on nociceptive response of NRM unit was also markedly diminished or disappeared. 5. When PAG was stimulated with continuous impulse for 10 sec (frequen- cy: 40Hz, wave width: 0.1mSec, current: 300-500μA), the discharge of NRM unit was increased and its nociceptive response decreased. The action of stimulat- ing PAG was stronger than EA. The effects of stimulating PAG exerted upon neuron of NRM could be reversed by naloxone(1mg/kg, I.p.). The activation of the neurons of NRM is supposed to be mediated by endorphine. The above results suggest that the effects of EA, fentanyl and stimulat- ing PAG have some common characteristics. They were closely related to PAG and NRM in the cycle of endorphine-mediated analgesic system. The noxious stimulation can also activate the mechanism of analgesia, leading to negative feedback on input of pain. The above results also indicate that PAG possesses the property of exert- ing both excitatory and inhibitory actions upon the neurons of NRM. It is conjectured that EA may result in the release of endorphine by the enkeph- alinergic neurons or other neurohumeral mechanism, directly or indirectly ac- tivate the excitatory function of PAG and suppress its inhibition on NRM. It, in turn, activates the ascending inhibitory system of NRM and other path- ways to restrict the entrance of pain impulse, and thus finally produces electro- aupuncture analgesia.1143|1|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：一些实验研究证明,刺激牙髓只产生痛觉,而它所诱发的张颌反射(Jaw Open-ing Reflex)与痛觉有关。电针对这种反射有明确的抑制作用,并以此来客观评价针刺镇痛反应。1978年以来,日本户田等对电针抑制牙髓诱发性张颌反射的外周作用机制曾作过详细的研究,而对其中枢的作用环节,目前尚不清楚。本实验主要研究中枢神经系统在电针抑制牙髓诱发性张颌反射中的作用。实验分为两部分,一是观察电针对牙髓诱发性张颌反射的影响;二是观察去掉不同脑区后电针镇痛效应的影响。653|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近年来不少研究表明,尾状核头部(Cd)具有镇痛机能,并与针刺镇痛机理有密切关系。我们已报道:伤害性刺激、电针穴位和刺激丘脑束旁核等,均可改变Cd神经元的自发放电活动,证明尾状核单位有异感觉会聚和异体区会聚的性质。在此基础上我们试图进一步探讨针刺镇痛过程中Cd不同区域细胞的神经联系和生理机能特点。首先拟了解Cd神经元在针刺镇痛中的作用,因此选择了内脏-躯体反射(VSR)作为内脏伤害性反射的指标,初步观察Experiments were conducted on 20 cats unanesthetized but curaro-imobi- lized to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of both the head of caudate nucleus(Cd)and the acupuncture site "Zusanli" on the reflex dis- charge of intercostal nerve(T_9-T_(11))elicited by single rectangular pulse sti- mulation of the central end of greater splanchnic nerve-viscerosomatic reflex (VSR). Taking account of the facts that the intensity used to stiu- mulate the greater splanchnic nerve is strong enough to excite Aδ afferent fiber in the nerve and that the VSR can be depressed by morphine (4 mg/ kg i.v.), the VSR is considered as a visceral noxious response. 49 points in Cd were stimulated in 17 cats by a total of 228 times. All of these points stimulated were histologically identified in Cd and their stereotaxic coordinates were A 14-17.5, L3-6.7, H+1.5-6.7. Dur- ing the stimulation of Cd with 5Hz or 100Hz square pulses, 1mSec in dura- tion and 10-90V in intensity, for 10-30Sec, in 115 of 228 times(50.9%) the VSR was inhibited, whereas in 31 times(13.6%)it was enhanced and the rest remained nearly unchanged. Train of 100Hz stimulation of Cd was found to be more effective in inhibiting VSR than 5Hz stimulation(P< 0.005). The result shows that the Cd may play a role in modulation of VSR and usually the inhibitory effect occurs more often. The effective inhibitory points in Cd were damaged by electrolytic le- sion in 8 cats. After the damage the inhibitory effect of Cd stimulation on VSR could no longer be induced in 7 cats. From this result it may be de- duced that the inhibitory effect of Cd stimulation on VSR is not due to the spread of stimulation current to the adjacent brain structures but ra- ther an effect of Cd itself. 47 trials of electroacupuncture of "Zusanli" by model G6805 stimulator with continuous diphasic pulses of 360 pulses/min, 0.6-12V, for 10-30Sec were carried out in 12 cats. In most cases(35/47) "Zusanli" could inhibit the VSR and only in a few cases(4/47)it was enhanced. Observation was also made on the probable cooperation of the inhibi- tory effects of both the Cd stimulation and "Zusanli" electroacupuncture on VSR in 8 cats. It was found that, in certain conditions, when they were applied simultaneously, they could induce a more effective inhibition than that induced by either of them given alone.820|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近年来,发现许多胃肠道激素既存在于胃肠内分泌细胞,也存在于中枢神经系统内。这一事实导致产生"脑-肠轴"(brain-gut axis)的概念。胃泌素是一种具有较广泛生理功能的胃肠道激素,由胃窦G细胞释放,在消化过程中起着重要作用。同时,胃泌素也存在于脑细胞和迷走神经中,起着循环激素和神经递质的双重作用。关于这种肽类激素在脑中的分布及其生理功能,特别是针刺对脑胃泌素变化的影响以及它与外周胃泌素的关系,国内815|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：实验在10只清醒狗上进行。电针诱导15和25分钟时分别牵拉胃一次,先后两次均出现针刺的抑制效果时,通过埋藏于中缝大核的瘘管在5分钟内微量注入纳洛酮5μg/5μl或普鲁卡因0.01mg/5μl。并以等量生理盐水作对照实验。实验结果表明:注入纳洛酮后5分钟对电针的抑制作用可平均翻转77.68±22.01％,25分钟平均翻转率仍维持在26.65±6.36％注入等量生理盐水时电针的抑制效应未见明显的影响。两者比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。注入普鲁卡因后10分钟对电针的抑制作用可平均翻转32.58±760|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：关于针刺穴位对交感-肾上腺系统活动的影响问题,国内曾有过一些报道,结果颇不一致.一方面电镜观察及生物测定的结果表明,针刺穴位可促使家兔肾上腺髓质释放儿茶酚胺(CA)增多,麻醉猫及清醒大自鼠血中CA水平升高。另一方面针麻临床研究表明,针刺穴位对交感神经系统具有相对抑制作用。鉴于血中CA水平可以反映机体交感-肾上腺系统的活动状态,我们特建立了下腔静脉内埋藏导管以采集肾上腺静脉血、In this study conscious dogs were used. Under resting condition elec- tro-acupuncture of"Zusanli"point was applied bilateterally for 60 minutes. There was a more significant elevation both in plasma CA and pain reac- tion threshold than in those of the control(p<0.01). When electro-acupunc- ture was applied on tails and the adjucent points of "Zusanli" as control, there was no significant change of plasma CA(p>0.05); but there was a significant elevation of pain threshold (p<0.05); its magnitude was how- ever much less than that of acupuncture of "Zusanli". Under anesthesia, electro-acupuncture of "Zusanli" was applied to the dogs. There was no significant change of plasma CA(p>0.05). When the dogs were resting on the table without acupuncture, there was no significant change both of plasma CA and of pain threshold(p>0.05). Noradrenaline and adrenaline were infused into conscious dogs consect- ively for 60 min. and normal saline as control. In all dogs infused with CA there was significant elevation of pain threshold (p<0.01), and the elevation was maintained for more than 60 min after infusion. From these observation it is suggested that the acupuncture of "Zu- sanli" may excite "sympatho-adrenal" system and cause the adrenal to re- lease CA, (this effect is of relative characteristc of acupuncture points), and that the increased circulating CA may facilitate the effect of acupunc- ure analgesia and the regulation by way of some humorol factor.923|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：内脏牵拉反应与针麻效果关系很密切,临床针麻往往因为内脏牵拉反应严重而增加术中用药量或改变麻醉方法,因此研究针刺控制内脏牵拉反应是一项重要课题。近年来许多学者研究针刺抑制内脏痛和内脏牵拉反应原理,提供了大量的宝贵资料。1976年我们根据患者接受电针刺激量的大小以观察其对术中内脏牵拉反应的影响,发现耐电量大者术中反应发生率低,耐电量小者术中反应发生率高。后来我们采取诱发的方法提高患者术前耐电针阈,意图控制术中内脏牵拉反应,结果证明确实有效,现总结于下。787|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：自1975年以来,低功率氦氖激光照射穴位(简称激光针)的临床报道与日俱增,但其临床与动物实验的生物学效应在国内未见系统报道。本文侧重报道应用激光针治疗近视眼等五种疾病和家兔尺桡骨双折等两组动物实验,同时采取用脑血流图,同位素磷(82)代谢试验等七项客观指标观察激光针的生物学效应。结果发现激光针具有针刺样调整作用。激光应用TX-74-A型氦氖激光理疗机(鸡东激光仪器厂出品),波长6328输In recent years, hydrogen-helium laser of low power has been used in medical treatment. But reports about its biological effect are rare. This paper recorded rheoencephalograms, volume pulse ways of finger and/or toe, skin temperatures, pain tolerance thresholds and two-point discrimina- tions of myopia and hypertension before and after the laser treatment. And it recorded the changes in X-ray examination, radioactive isotope ex- amination and pathological examination of ulna's and radiu's fracture of rabbits before and after laser treatment to observe the biological effect of laser acupuncture. The results were as follows: 1. Laser acupuncture could improve the organ circulation. 2. Laser acupuncture could raise the skin temperature of the body as a whole. 3. Laser acupuncture could heighten the thresholds of pain and two points discrimination. 4. Laser acupuncture might help to strengthen resistance of the bady, to relieve pain, to diminish inflammation and to improve fracture inten tion. The above results indicated that hydrogen-helium laser of low power did have acupuncture-like action. On the other hand, the impairment of spinal cord in patient and animal could impede this action. Therefore, we preliminarily suppose that acupuncture-like action of laser is accomp- lished through autonomic nerve-medium-blood vessel reaction system. As we all know, laser is a radiation of light. Besides the acupuncture-like action, laser has the action of electromagnetic induction and light-chemical reaction, which remain to be further investigated.767|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：舒乐安定(Surazepine,Estazolam,Eurod:,D-40-TA)是新型的弱安定剂,是苯骈二氮杂(艹卓)类(benzo-diazep-ine)的衍生物,其化学结构(C_(16)H_(11)N_4Cl) 本药在药理学方面具有安定催眠,抗痉挛及肌肉松驰作用,特别是安定催眠作用尤为显著,在日本广泛应用于精神、神经、内科及麻醉前用药,取到了较好的效果,现将有关麻醉前用药的资料综合介绍如下:A new sedative-Estazolam as the preoperative administration was in- troduced briefly.627|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：实验在50只雌性大鼠(体重250～350克)相当于人类的胃经和膀胱经的部位进行。室温控制在22±2℃。实验前先给以短期的驯练,使动物在清醒的条件下,能尽量保持安静。胃经的测试主要在左腿和腹部,测试时保持仰卧位。膀胱经的测试主要在背部,采自然立体位。皮肤阻抗的测定用CDM1-2型和576F30型皮肤阻抗测定仪。测定前,保持体位,剪毛,暴露测试部位皮肤。胃经的测定,将参考电极放在左侧足底,探测电极沿胃经循行线的垂直线轻微扫描,到达抵阻点(LIP)时记录阻抗值,并以彩笔标记。在腿部840|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：前文已经报道大鼠的体表也和人类相似,存在经脉循行线。本文应用组织学和生物物理学相结合的方法,初步证明在这条循经的低阻线下,大鼠皮肤在毛囊和神经血管的分布方面具有形态学特征。实验用大白鼠,雌性、体重250～350克。毛囊观察组动物22只。取材前,先依前文测出背部膀胱经和腿部、腹部胃经的低阻线,分别用炭素墨水标记。然后在乙醚麻醉下断头处死。取材时,用锐刀切取宽为沿低阻线两侧3毫米,长为7毫米的皮肤块,尽可能连同皮下组织和肌肉取下,放在冰托Low impedance lines (LIL) along meridian of urinary bladder and stomach were mapped and marked with carbon ink on the skin of normal rats. After sacrificed, samples of skin, together with subcutaneous tissues and muscles were cut, frozen-sectioned and observed under microscope for the hair follicles distributed under LIL and its adjacent areas. Other samples were fixed, embedded and stained with hematoxylin eosin for nerve bundles and blood vessels examination. It was found that there was an abundance of nerve bundles and blood vessels and a tendency of lack of hair follicles under the LIL in comparison with its adjacent areas.786|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：前文已经报道大鼠体表也有类似人类的经脉循行线。这条循行线也和人类一样,具有较两侧皮肤阻抗为低的特性。改变动物的机能状态,本文证明家兔在麻醉和失血的情况下,这条低阻线继续存在? 实验在5只家兔(体重3～3.5公斤)相当于人体的膀胱经和胃经的部位进行。有些实验例也测试了督咏。皮肤阻抗的测定基本同前文。膀胱经的探测在背正中线两侧1～2厘米之间,胃经则在腹中线两侧1.5～2.5厘米之间:腿部在胫骨内侧缘向外0.5～1.0厘米之间。麻醉前,各经均经重831|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：腹腔器官术后往往发生功能性(动力性)肠梗阻,及时排除肠梗阻是术后早期治疗的重要环节。以往虽然为防止肠麻痹采取了一些措施,但往往无效。有时还把麻痹性肠梗阻当做早期机械性肠梗阻进行再次剖腹。因此,需要寻求新的疗法。为了刺激胃肠道,作者在外科实践中采用了反射疗法,用10只狗进行了实验,预先将狗造成腹膜炎或机械性肠梗阻,研究在肠功能紊乱情况下该疗法的效果。待疾病发展到第三天,采用反射疗法。对患机械性肠梗阻的狗进行再次剖腹,腹腔器官检查结果表683|38|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针麻甲状腺手术临床研究鉴定会于1982年11月15日至18日在四川成都市召开。参加会议的鉴定委员会委员、特邀代表和协作组的有关单位共51人。与会同志听取了全国针麻甲状腺手术临床研究协作组关于“针麻甲状腺手术13,314例临床总结”的报告,并对其内容进行了认真的审查,一致认为:该项研究设计较严谨,取得了可信的数据,且具有安全、有效、简便、易行的优点,应用普遍,效果亦较满意,达到了针刺麻醉中的先736|28|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：1981年9月在北戴河召开了针麻研究工作会议之后,全国的针刺麻醉工作又出现了好势头,基础研究取得了不少的新成就,临床研究协作组进行了调整,又重新活跃起来了。各自制订了科研计划,集中精力,稳步前进。为1984年召开第二次全国针灸针麻学术讨论会好作准备。全国针麻胃切除术科研协作会议于1982年10月20日至25日在上海召开,该研究课题改由上海中医学院附属曙光医院牵头作协,并主持了这次会议。参加会议的有八个省市16个单位的代表37人,全国针灸针麻科研协作办事组的负责同志亲临了这次会议。会议730|24|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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