最新刊期
1983年第2期
- 摘要：针刺对机体具有不少效应。关于针后体液免疫提高已见报道,但对细胞免疫(CMI)方面却有提高或降低的不同报道。我们曾观察过约100例针刺治疗(包括针麻手术)的患者。针穴为合谷或足三里。在针前,针刺诱导20分钟及针后24小时,自患者耳垂分别取血,在同时及同样条件下进行活性(Ea)非活性(E)、稳定(Es)玫瑰花形成细胞RFC和淋巴细胞转化(LT)试验以及α萘酚醋酸酯酶(ANAE)组化染色。此外,尚观察健康人及药麻者作为对照。我们见到针后E、Ea及LT分别平均提高约13％,降低约7％,而降低多见于针前具CMI较高水平患者,例如Ea>40％(健康人均值为27.3±0.9)及LT>60％(健康人均值为56.7±2.3)。在活性RFC中绝对值增加175.3±63.6,然而药麻对Ea的影响不明显。在LT试验中提高效应于针后可维持24小时。总的看来,针后Ea、E及LT的提高与降低相比时,提高皆具有统计学显著性。以后我们又见到Es RFC针后提高2.4±0.8％,有些学者认为Ea及Es RFC为活化的T细胞。这提示针刺效应之一可能有活化T细胞的作用。近年来已知ANAE可用为T细胞的标记,以及ANAE分型中,点型为辅助性T细胞(Tu)的特征,而大部B细胞为阴性型。我们见到不仅周血淋巴细胞而且RFC的点型在针后各提高5.5±1.1％及5.5％,但阴性型变动不显著。同样也见到点型降低的患者针前点型>60％(健康人均值55.3±4.8)这提示针后RFC不仅有量而且有质的改变,且对针刺应答的CMI反应可对T细胞亚辟有调节作用及提高Tu亚群的作用。832|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：脊髓背角某些神经元参与痛觉信息的传递,其中不少神经元对较细直径的躯体和内脏传入发生反应。各种研究证明,脊髓背角神经元的活动持续受到脊髓以上中枢,主要是皮层和脑干的控制。临床实践表明,针刺可以抑制内脏痛。我们在以往的工作中也看到,针刺可以激活包括中缝大核在内的脊髓以上中枢的活动,并由延脑通过下行抑制回路控制内脏传入信息的向上传递和抑制内脏躯体反射(VSR)。组织Unit discharges elicited by stimulation of the A-delta or C afferent fibres in the greater splanchnic nerve were recorded in the thoracic spinal grey matter of unanaesthetized immobilized cats. Electric stimulation of the intercostal nerve in the same segment of the recording site inhibited the evoked response in all 42 units observed. The time course of inhibition ind- uced by a single pulse stimulaion of the intercostal nerve was 350-650msec, suggesting that 2-3 pulses per second would be sufficient for electroacupun- cture of the same segment points. Repetitive electroacupuncture(100 pulses/ sec)at points on the lower limb inhibited the evoked response in 17 out of 23 units. Repetitive stimulation (100 pulses/sec) of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) inhibited the evoked response iu 41 out of 51 nuits. In these two ca- ses rpetitive stimuli would be necessary. The evoked responses of the units in the dorsal horn were always inhibited by electroacupuucture or NRM sti- mulatiou. The units in the ventral horn behaved in different ways: sonme were inhibited, some facilitated, and others not influenced by electroacupu- ncture or NRM stimulation.1024|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：延脑中缝大核(NRM)是中枢内源性下行痛抑制系统的重要核团之一,有工作表明,富含吗啡受体和内源性吗啡样物质(OLS)的中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)是吗啡镇痛和脑刺激镇痛的高效区。在PAG注入吗啡或是进行电刺激,均能下行性抑制脊髓背角神经元的伤害性反应。若损毁NRM,则可阻断这种抑制作用。说明PAG对于痛觉的下行抑制有赖于NRM机能的完整性,PAG-NRM-脊髓背角神The influence of iontophoretic naloxone upon acupuncture effect was observed to explore the central locus of action of the endogenous morphine- -like substance (MLS) released by acupuncture. Extracellular recordings were obtained from 309 neurons located in the NRM with multiplepipettes on urethane anaesthetized male adult rats. Most units were spontaneously active and the majority of them (53 out of 74ne- urons, 72%) could be further activated by acupuncture. In most neurons (43 out of 47 neurons, 91.5%) two kinds of nociceptive neuronal responses to peripheral noxious stimulation, excitatory and inhiditory manifesting thems- elves by increasing and decreasing the firing rate were attenuated by acu- punctre. The activation of firing (up to 190% of preacupuncture control value; n=10) persisted for more than 15 minutes and gradually recoveed. When naloxone was administered iontophoretically before (for 2 minutes) and du- ring (for 5 minutes) acupuncture, the activation was blocked, the firing rate being slightly decreased (up to 80% of the control, д=10) rather than increased. In addition, the nociceptive response was significantly reduced (up to 54% of control, n=17, P<0.01) and did not recover within 30 minutes aftes cessation of acupuncture. However, in the other group of neurons(n=27), the nociceptive response was similarly reduced within ten minutes after ac- upuncture, but it was soon recovered to 95% of control following ejection of naloxone for two minutes(11th--13th minutes after acupuncture) indic- ating that the acupuncture inhibitory effect could be reversed. The above findings suggest that the MLS may be involved in acupunc- ture effect and it plays a role in acupuncure analgesia at least in partby activating the NRM neurons directly.856|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：文献报道调节疼痛和血压的中枢之间有重叠,人和动物高血压情况下发生痛觉减退,中枢内参与痛和镇痛调制的递质系统如内源性鸦片样物质(endogenousOpiate-like Substance,OLS),5-羟色胺(5-HT),去甲肾上腺素(NA)等系统又都调节血压;因此,本工作检验;(1)具有镇痛作用的电针刺激对血压有何效应,(2)电针调制疼痛和血压的机理Our experiments showed that analgesic electroacupuncture (EA8/sec, 0.5 msec, 3V) had a pressor effect, and could increase the unit discharge of locus coeruleus (LC) and nucleus raphe magnus (NRM, both in contolling blood Pressure and pain) in conscious paralysed male rats. But the follow- ing further studies suggested that each of these two nuclei might have pla- yed a predominant role in regulating either pain or blood pressure. (1) The pressor effect of EA was similar to that of LC stimulation. This effect of EA and the excitatory response of LC to EA were not bloc- ked by naloxone. These results were likely to show that the EA pressor effect might be brought about through exciting LC neuron s and that endo- genous opiate-llke substance (OLS) might not be involved in this effect. (2) On the other hand, NRM stimulation had no significant influence on blood pressure, and the excitatory effect of EA on NRM neurons could be completely blocked by naloxone, which was consistent with the fact re- ported by others that EA analgesia could be blocked by naloxone. There- fore, it is possible that NRM does not play an important role in EA press- or effect, but plays a critical role in EA analgesla, which is mediated by OLS.856|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：在痛觉生理研究中,丘脑作为皮层下躯体感觉的高级整合中枢,早已为人们所重视。其中髓板内核群、内侧核群及后核群与痛觉机制的密切关系也愈来愈清楚了。针刺镇痛的实验研究中,丘脑水平的工作基本都集中在髓板内核群中的束旁核(Pf),还有一部分中央外侧核(CL)的工作。有人认为,在丘脑接受痛觉信息的核团主要是Pf和CL,这些核团的单位痛放电可因针刺而抑制。但邻近的中央中核(CM)不接受痛觉信息,是接受针刺信息,对痛觉进行调节的机构。随着实验的深入,Pf在There are different views about whether the nucleus Centrum Median- um (CM) of thalamus could respond to the nociceptive stimuli. In the fi- eld of acupuncture analgesia research, however, there is rather Little investigation on CM. The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of electro-acupuncture on the single unit activity of CM. Experiments were carried out on awake and restrained cats. On the background of spontaneous activities, we found that some units of CM could respond to the nociceptive stimulation which was delivered to the nerve suralis. Based on the single unit activity evoked by the nociceptive stimulation, it could be divided into two types. One of them is the pattern of excitation and the other is the pattern of inhibition. Neither the non- nociceptive electro stimulation nor the brush hair can elicit any type of discharge mentioned above. After electro-acupuncture, discharge of excitatory pattern was depressed and the discharge of inhibitory pattern was attenuated. According to these findings, it is shown that (1) the peripheral nocic- eptive impulses can arrive at CM; (2) two kinds of information aroused from acupuncture and nociceptive stimulation may converge in CM; (3) the single unit activity evoked by nociceptive stimulation is weak ened by electroacupuncture. Therefore we suggest that the role of CM in pain and acupuncture analgesia should be elucidated by further investigations.957|1|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：尾核在针刺镇痛中具有重要作用,又是脑内乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量最高的核团。文献报道尾核内注射抗胆碱药东茛菪碱可阻断针刺镇痛,最近我们观察到针刺镇痛时家兔尾核ACh释放增加,提示尾核胆碱能系统可能参与针刺镇痛。密胆碱(HC-3)可竞争性抑制生物膜主动转运胆碱的过程,抑制ACh生物合成。毒扁豆碱可竞争性抑制胆碱酯酶,抑制ACh降解。为了进一步了解尾核胆碱能系统在针刺镇痛中的作用,本工作采用尾核内微量注射药物的方法,观察了HC-3和毒扁豆碱对针刺镇痛的影响。961|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：本实验以3H-etorphine为配基(示踪剂),用放射自显影方法显示鸦片受体在大鼠中枢神经系统内的分布,并观察了针刺对受体分布的影响。根据银颗粒数目,将中枢神经系统内的鸦片受体分布密度分为三个等级:(1)高密度区:脊髓后角胶状质,三叉神经脊髓束核,第四脑室室底灰质,内侧隆起核,弧束核、兰斑、中脑中央灰质、缝际核群,脚间核,缰核,下丘脑内侧核、下丘脑外侧核,下丘脑后核,杏仁核群,纹状体,伏隔核及隔区。(2)中等密度区:脊髓中央管周围灰质,迷走神经运动背核,中间核,舌下神经核,三叉神经感觉核,前庭核群、被盖背核,黑质,上丘,丘脑内侧核,丘脑外侧核,海马。(3)低密度区:脑干网状结构,大脑皮质等。针刺后,上述各核团与3H-etorphine为配基(示踪剂),用放射自显影方法显示鸦片受体在大鼠中枢神经系统内的分布,并观察了针刺对受体分布的影响。根据银颗粒数目,将中枢神经系统内的鸦片受体分布密度分为三个等级:(1)高密度区:脊髓后角胶状质,三叉神经脊髓束核,第四脑室室底灰质,内侧隆起核,弧束核、兰斑、中脑中央灰质、缝际核群,脚间核,缰核,下丘脑内侧核、下丘脑外侧核,下丘脑后核,杏仁核群,纹状体,伏隔核及隔区。(2)中等密度区:脊髓中央管周围灰质,迷走神经运动背核,中间核,舌下神经核,三叉神经感觉核,前庭核群、被盖背核,黑质,上丘,丘脑内侧核,丘脑外侧核,海马。(3)低密度区:脑干网状结构,大脑皮质等。针刺后,上述各核团与3H-etorphine的结合量均下降。银颗粒减少30％以上的区域有:脊髓后角胶状质,三叉神经脊髓束核,脊髓中央管周固灰质,中脑中央灰质,缝际大核,缝际背核,脚间核,缰核,杏仁核群、伏隔核、兰斑、迷走神经运动背核等。以上这些核团多是痛觉通路的驿站,或在针刺镇痛中起重要作用。我们认为鸦片受体结合的变化可能是针刺镇痛的机制之一。758|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我们曾在猫上观察到针刺“人中”、“足三里”等穴并引起加压反应时,伴有后胺,小肠、肾及脾等区域血管阻力的明显增高,骨骼肌和皮肤容量血管明显收缩,并伴有瞬膜,瞳孔,膀胱及小肠等植物性效应器官的反射反应。本实验旨在观察,针刺引起加压反应时,心脏血流动力学是否也发生变化。为了阐明针刺加压反应的本质,本实验仍与阻断颈总动脉血流及刺激隐神经引起的加压反应的效应相比较。795|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺治疗消化系统疾病有良好的疗效。大量临床和动物实验证实针刺对胃运动机能有调整作用。自从Alverez首先从胃记录到电活动以后,许多学者应用胃电为胃的功能指标研究胃的生理病理规律和胃疾患临床诊断和疗效观察的指标。本文应用体表导联无创伤性记录人胃电活动的方法,观察针刺足阳明胃经足三里等穴对急慢性胃肠炎患者的胃电图变化的影响,及穴位的相对特异性。853|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：下肢穴位传入纤维大部分经过腰,骶节段后根进入脊髓,足三阳经(足阳明胃经、足太阳膀胱经和足少阳胆经)在下肢的穴位主要位于下肢的外侧及背侧,其传入纤维主要由骶丛的分支由腰4至骶2节段后根进入脊髓,切断腰4至骶2节段的后根,可取消针刺“足三里”的效应,腰4至骶2节段后根纤维进入脊髓后在中枢投射的部位,能反映出足三阳经在下肢穴区传人纤维向中枢投射的范围,而腰4至骶2节段后根纤维在脊髓和延髓内的投射的研究资料很少,至于到延髓的一些核团如三叉神经脊束核、巨细胞网状孩和小细胞网状The afterent fibers of the points of three Yang Channels of the Foot in the lower limbs enter the spinal cord by L4-S2 dorsal roots. In order to research that the afferent fibers of the three Yang Channels of the Fo- ot in the lower 1imbs projected to the areas in the centre, the present experiment adopted excision of L4-S2 neighbouring two spinal ganglions in the cats. The sections were stained with the Fink-Heimer's silver impreg- naton methods modified by Janet. The distributions of dorsal root fibers in the spinal cord medulla oblongata were observed. The degenerative fibers of L4-S2 dorsal roots going into the spinal cord were distributed over most areas of the dorsal funiculus. There were a mo- derate or a large number of degenerative fibers in the Rexed Ⅲ-Ⅸ lamina of the ipsilateral gray matter. The degenerative fibers continued 2-3 segments for rostral and caudal orientation. The degenerative fibers in the nucleus dorsalis continued 67 segments for rostral orientation. There were a few degenerative fibers in the Rexed Ⅷ-Ⅸ lamina of contralateral spinal cord. There were a large number of degenerative fibers in the middle region of the nuclei gracilisa, moderate number in the rostral region of the nuclei gracilis, a few in the contralateral rostral region of the nuclei gracilis, in the ipsilateral medial cuneate nucleus and lateral cuneate nucleus, in the caudal nucleus and middle nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract on both sides, and in the nucleus reticularis giganocellularis and nucleus reticularis parvocellularis of the reticular formation on both sides. The results suggested that L4-S2 dorsal fibers projected to the Rexed V lamina of the spinal cord, the posterior column nuclei, the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and the nucleus reticuaris parvocellularis. Since the points of the three Yang Cha- nnels of the Foot in the lower 1imbs situated in the dorsal and lateral po- rtion of the lower limbs, the.afferent fibers entered the spinal cord by L4 -S2 dorsal root. Therefore the projection areas in the centre by L4-S2 do- rsal root fibers reflected the projection areas in the centre, into which the afferent fibers of the three Yang Channels of the Foot in the 10wer limbs projected. In order to study the mechanism of acupuncture activity on the points of the three Yang Channel of the Foot in the lower limbs and the theory concerning the relationship between the Channels and Zang-Fu organs, the results provided some morphological evidence.905|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：足三里穴为临床治疗腹部脏器疾病的主要穴位。在针麻手术中,如胃大部切除,胆囊切除,阑尾手术等也都是作为主穴。对于足三里穴区的研究,以往多着重于以下几个方面:如对传入神经纤维组成的研究,认为有髓传入纤维多于无髓传人纤维,针刺镇痛显效动物的足三里穴区中,有髓与无髓传入纤维的数目比例为2.7:1,无髓传入纤维在针刺镇痛中似不起主要作用,对“足三里“穴针刺镇痛点的传入纤维的速度及传入纤维的直径的研究,认为针刺“足三里”“显50ul of 10% horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution were injected into the area of Zusanli point in twenty rabbits. After a survival of six to seven days the animal were sacrificed and their hearts were perfused with 2% paraformaldehyde solved in 0 1M phosphoric acid buffer (pH7.27.3). The spinal ganglia Were treated according to HRP method and incubated in 3'-3diaminobenzindine (DAB) H_2O_2 solution. The distribution of the HBP labeled cells were examined under microscope and the results were as follows. We could find clearly labeled cells appearing in the spinal ganglia from tho- racic 6-12 (T6-12) and lumbars 1-7 (L1-7) to sacral. Moreover it was found that labeled cells were of different sizes, but most were large cells. A new point of view has been put forward by the above experimental studies, i.e. the segment of the "Zusanli" afferent fibers is longer (from thorax 6 to sacral 3) and contains large, middle and small cells. This pro- vides a morphological foundation for the treatment of stomach and intes- tinal diseases by acupuncturing "Zusanli" point.1121|1|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：动物脑内许多重要的化学物质,如乙酰胆硷,r-氨基丁酸,肽类物质和环核苷酸等含量的高低与动物处死方法有密切关系。因此如何迅速终止脑内生化反应,准确反映动物死前瞬间化学物质的实际含量,这是神经化学研究中必须解决的一个重要问题。70年代以来,微波在生物学作用中的研究进展很快,尤其是应用微波技术来研究中枢神经系统的功能引起了特别注意。利用微波穿射动物头部时产生的热效应,可以迅速灭活脑内The purpose of the present work is to compare the contents of cyclic nucleotide in cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and middle central grey of rats and rabbits by irradiation with high power model WSB-1 mi- crowave and decapitation. The results indicated that the levls of cAMP in brain areas were much higher in the decapitaion group than those in the microwave irradiation and the contents of cGMP in brain were obviou- sly decreased in decapitated animals. According to the experimental resu- lts of direct measurement of temperature and activity of phosphodiesterase in brain areas, the microwave apparatus has been proved extremely effici- ent. It is simple in construction and convenient in use. It can kill not o- nly rabbits and cats in 2 sec. but also rats and mice in 1.4-1.6 sec. It su- pplies an advanced technical means for studying neurochemistry,779|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：5-羟色胺(5-HT)是体内一种重要的吲哚型生物活性单胺。因其不能透过血脑屏障,所以存在于中枢神经系统和外周的5-HT基本上分属两个独立的系统。在中枢神经的系统中,5-HT主要存在于中枢5-HT能系统,中缝核则是脑内5-HT能神经元胞体最集中的部位。中枢5-HT即是由这些神经元合成、分泌的神经激素,经其末梢释放,作为神经介质或突触传递调节物参与多种生理功能的调节。有人认为5-HT是中枢抑制性介质。1036|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：经络学说是祖国医学基础理论的组成部分,是中医解释生理病理现象,诊断治疗疾病的理论根据之一,目前经络本质还未完全能用现代科学观点加以阐明。七十年代以来,由于我国针刺麻醉的成功,引起世界各国对我国古典的针刺经络理论和技术更大的兴趣,都希望用现代科学理论和方法来解释与证实它,对经络穴位的生物物理特性研究也就是其中的一个方面。这项研究工作将为说明经络穴位的客观性以及最终解决经络本质问题提供重要资料。本文根据所收集到的文献,对这一课题的近几年进展作一简要综述。851|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：先前的研究表明,正常人或患者都普遍存在着纵向分布于体表的线,这些线的各点对机械或电刺激有较明显的敏感现象,而且线的循行位置同古典的经络线基本符合。而且只有当线上的各点受刺激时才产生有传导性的感觉,故定名为隐性循经感传线Latent Propagated Sensation alongChannel(LPSC)。近年的工作又证明,LPSC不仅是一种感觉线,而且可以用多种生物物理方法加以验证,因此,推测LPSC或许与线下皮肤中某些结构的分布有一定的关系。本文对LPSC下皮肤中的神经分布进行了初步的观察。751|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：1979年第一届全国针灸针麻学术讨论会影响很大,震动了全世界。以后世界各地又召开过几次国际性的针灸学术会议,但他们都希望我国能出面主持召开这样的学术会议。为了迎接1984年有外宾参加的我国第二届全国针灸针麻学术讨论会的召开,为该会推荐一批较好的科学论文,保持我国传统医学在国际上的领先地位,针灸临床方面已按六个大区进行了学术交流。全国针刺麻醉学术讨700|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：为1984年第二届全国针灸针麻学术讨论会作准备,第四届全国经络学术讨论会于1983年1月9日至15日在昆明召开。参加这次会议的代表有108人。会上有156篇论文进行了交流,从论文的质量来看,与1979年第一届会议相比,我国的经络研究取得了不少的新成就。近几年来,将一些新技术成功地应用到这个研究领域,使经络研究工作从主要靠病人主述转向了客观显示的新阶段。红外线热像仪的使用,不仅在穴位上而且在循经感传678|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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