最新刊期
1985年第2期
- 摘要：许多针刺研究的工作提示,中枢递质的活动与针刺效应有关。随着微量测定等技术的发展,已有较多的研究者以比较直接的方法观察了针刺对中枢递质的影响,为分析中枢递质参与针刺效应的机制提供了明确的证据,本文综述这方面的研究概况。一、内阿片肽(Endogenous Opiate Peptides EOP) 1.针刺使脑脊液内EOP含量升高 Sjolund等对9例患有慢性痈的病人用表面电极刺激穴位镇痛,并测定刺激前后腰部脑脊液中EOP含量的变化。其中4人疼痛的部位在腰椎水平,电刺激部位也在相应的节段,电极刺激穴位镇痛时,脑脊液中EOP含量明显升高;另5人的疼痛部位在胸部或头This review summarized 116 articles on the acupuncture action upon the central neurotransmitters. From the sufficient data, it was shown that acupuncture can significantly affect the activities of the neurotransmitters including endogenous opioid peptides, serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and acetylcholine. The authors believe that the changed functions of the ne- urotransmitter systems induced by acupuncture not only lead to analgesia but also cause other effects.826|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：甩尾和嘶叫反应的神经反射机制不同。用们对这二种伤害性反应的阈值变化作了比较。用正常Whistar Kyoto鼠(WKY)和原发性高血压鼠(SHR)分别于自由活动状态下和约束于管状鼠固定器中进行每20分钟测定,共一或二小时,观察ST和TFL的变化。并分别作静脉注入生理盐水、纳洛酮(1mg/kg)或吗啡(4mg/kg)的处理。结果WKY鼠(n=25)和SHR鼠(n=20)的TFL间无明显差异;在二小时测试期间TFL随时间延长无明显的变化,P>0.15。而ST均随时间的延长而明显增高。自由鼠(n=18)和约束鼠(n=24)ST都逐渐增高,40分钟时明显高于对照值,P<0.05;100分钟时差异极显著,P<0.01。将自由活动鼠受约束后(n=28)ST明显下降,P<0.0005;反之,受约束鼠恢复自由时(n=40)ST立即明显增高,P=0.001。生理盐水对ST(n=16)及TFL(n=8)均无明显影响。纳洛酮使ST明显下降(自由鼠n=7,P<0.001;约束鼠n=14,P<0.05);但二种不同处境鼠之间无明显差异,P>0.4。纳洛酮使TFL明显缩短,P<0.005(n=13)。吗啡使ST及TFL均明显增加;P<0.01(n=9)。 ST随测试时间延长明显增高,而TFL无明显变化。表明二者神经机制不同。甩尾反应在动物脊髓化后仍可存在;而嘶叫反应需高级中枢参予与辨认过程有关。动物由自由转入约束状态后ST明显降低表明此时动物处于痛觉过敏状态。纳洛酮使二种处境的鼠ST和TFL均明显下降提示在二种状态下均存在一种鸦片镇痛系统的经常性兴奋。803|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：关于大脑皮层参与疼痛及针刺镇痛过程的研究,近年来国内已有报导。我们也观察到电刺激大脑皮层体感Ⅱ区(SⅡ),可减弱丘脑中央中核(CM)神经元的伤害性反应,电针穴位同样获得CM神经元伤害性反应的抑制效应。我们设想大脑皮层参与疼痛及镇痛过程的机制可能是通过各种信息在皮层内的整合,也可能是通过某些信息影响皮层后产生了下行性作用。虽然,起源于皮层的下行冲动可影响皮层下许多神经元的活动,但对于伤害性传入信息的下行性影响较少研究,尤其是来自大脑皮层体感Ⅱ区Based upon the previous study we suggest that there are two routes by which the cerebral cortex modulate pain and acupuncture analgesia. One ro- ute is the cerebral convergence and the other is the corticofugal influence. Some subcortical neurons recieve corticofugal influence. But it is unkown whether it plays a part in modulation nocieptive afferents. The aim of this paper is to investigate the corticofugal modulation on nucleus parafascicu- laris after electroacuptuncture by topical administration of GABA on SII. Experiments were carried out on awake and restrained cats. Electrial sti- mulation of the n. suralis was used as the noxious stimulation. Single unit activites were record with glass microelectrodes extracellularly. The range of the Pf neurons recorded was A 6.5--7.0, L 0.5--1.0, H 0--3. "Zusanli" and "Huan tiao", points were stimulated by the electro-acupuncture unilateraly with intensity of 2.2V and frequency of 100Hz. GABA was applied topi- cally by means of 3x2mm2 filter paper and placed on the SII. All Pf neu- rons were checked histologically. It was shown that the responses of most units evoked by noxious sti- mulation were inhibited after electroacuptuncture. On the contrary, the acu- puncture effect on Pf neurons was abolished when GABA was administed on SII. However, the effect of saline control resembled that of simple acu- punctre. By comparison between GABA and saline or GABA and simple acupuncture in the same neurons respectively the results were the same as that in comparison between two groups. This result suggested that the co- rticofugal modulation from SII may play a role in acupuncture analgesia.932|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：中缝大核(NRM)是下行5-羟色胺(5-HT)能痛抑制系统的起点,富有去甲肾上腺素(NA)能神经末梢。实验证明:NRM内微电泳NA可抑制NRM神经元放电,NRM内微量注射α受体阻断剂(酚妥拉明)可以加强镇痛,提示NRM内的NA能神经末梢可通过抑制NRM-脊髓神经元起对抗镇痛的作用。但关于这类NA能末梢的来源虽有报道,尚未最后定论。鉴This study was carried out in awake curarized rats under artificial re- spiration. Experiments showed that excitation of neurons of A5 area (whe- re noradrenergic neurons concentrate) by local microinjection of sodium glu- tamate inhibited unit discharge of nucleus raphe magnus, while excitation of locus coeruleus by electro-stimulation or microinjection of sodiumlut amgate had no significant effect on unit discharge of nucleus raphe magnus.765|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：中枢神经递质之一去甲肾上腺素(NE)在电针镇痛中的作用早已被重视。有报道表明中枢NE拮抗针刺镇痛,主要根据是针刺镇痛时脑内NE含量减少,毁损NE胞体密集分布的蓝斑及其上行途径,或用双硫醒等抑制NE合成以降低脑的NE含量时,均可增强针刺镇痛;相反,当脑室内注射NE激动剂或注射NE前体使脑内NE含量增高时,则可减弱针刺镇痛。由This paper is designed for investigating the role of descending adrenergic inhibitory pathway in acupuncture analgesia by using iontophoretic technique. Experiments were carried out on adult cats. In most dorsal horn neurons (86%) at lumbar level, the nociceptive responses (Aδ or C response) to saphenous nerve stimulation or nature noxious stimulation were depressed by bilateral electro-acupunture applied on "zusanli". when phentolamine was administred iontophoretically one minute prior to and concurrent with acupuncture, the inhibitory effect of acupuncture was strengthened in some neurons or weakened in others. In general, acupuncture effect was slightly attenuated (n=15, P>0.05). However, the nociceptive response was reduced by iontophoretic phentolamine in all seven neurons. All these results suggest that the adrenergic descending pathway may be involved in acupuncture analgesia, but noradrenaline in spinal cord may also exert its inhibitory effect on the nociceptive transmitting neuron idnirectly in addition to its postsynaptic inhibition. As for the inhibitory effect on nociceptive response by iontophoretic phentolamine, it is supposed that noradrenaline may tonically antagonize some inhibitory effect exerted by other descending inhibitory pathway. The mechanism in detail remains to be further studied.963|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺镇痛具有较大的个体差异性。不论在针麻临床实践中,在正常人体测痛中,或实验动物中均观察到类似的现象。这种差异的原因是什么?能否用简便的方法加以预测?一直是针刺镇痛原理研究和针麻临床实践中的一个引人注目的课题。近年来镇痛原理研究的大量工作证明,中枢神经系统中存在着内源性的镇痛系统,各种镇痛措施如针刺、吗啡等虽然作用方式和途径Experiments were performed in a group of 113 rats. The basic pain threshold, the effect of electroacupuncture analgesia and the effect of morphine analgesia were measured using radiant heat induced tail flick latency as the nociceptive test. The results are as follows. 1. A Positive correlation was found between the effect of electroacu- neture analgesia and basic pain threshold with a correlation coefficient (r of 0.04, P<0.01. The results indicate that the individual variation in the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia maybe related with the basic activity level of the endogenous analgesia system. 2. There is a positive correlation between the the effect of electroa- cupuncture analgesia and the effect of morphine analgesia (3mg/kg) (r= 0.76, P<0.001). The result suggests that these two analgesic effects may share a common underlying mechanism. 3. Measuring the analgesic effect elicited by a small dose of morphine in pre-operative patients may have some implication in predicting the efficacy of acupuncture analgesia during surgical operation.847|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：脑啡肽和乙酰胆碱在针刺镇痛中的作用不少学者进行了研究,但是,它们在针刺镇痛作用中的相互关系尚不十分清楚。为了探讨大鼠脑内Met-Enk和ACh的相互关系及其对电针镇痛作用的影响,我们进行了本实验的研究。实验方法实验动物用成年健康的大白鼠,体重150～250克,雌雄兼用。第一部分:大鼠175只,随机分成二大A group of 311. rats weighing about 200g were used. The milliamperes required for vocalization in reponse to electrical stimulation at the rats tail was adopted as an indication of the value of pain threshold. Electroacupu- neture with the apparatus of G6805 model was applied at "Renzhong" and "Chenjiang" acupoints with a step-up intensity of 5-9-12v, sparse pulses and a frequency of 500Hz for 30 min. Met-Enk content in the brain was measured by radioimmunoassay. Acetylcholine content in the brain of animals electroacupunctured at "Zusanli" and "Huantiao" bilaterally was also estimated by bioassay, It was found: 1. There were much higher Met-Enk and the ACh contents in hypothalamus and caudate nucleus with simultaneous elevation of the pain threshold of rats (as compared with control P<0.01) in both intraventricular and the subcutaneous injection of saline plus acupuncture groups. It is elucidated that the increase of the Met-Enk and ACh contents in brain are correlated intimately with the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. 2. Hemicholine injected intraventricularly (40μg/rat/4h) was used to block ACh synthesis. It resulted in a signficant decrease of both ACh(-39% and-64%, P<0.01) and of Met-Enk content (-19% and -29%, P<0.01) in the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus accompanied by an obvious lowering of pain threhold (-50% P<0.10). After subcutaneours injection of eserine (0.25mg/kg/20min), owing to the inhibition of cholinesterase activity, it made the ACh content increase by 32% (P<0.01) and 70% (P<0.01) in the hypothalamus and caudate nuclens respectively, and at the same time the Met-Enk content was elevated by 34% (P<0.01) and 27%(P<0.0) in the brain regions of rats with the pain threshold becoming apparently higher (+400% and +875%, P<0.001). This might denote that the factors affecting the transmitter of cholinergic nerve system could concidently exertan influence on that of enkephalinergic neurons. The decreasing of functional activity of cholinergic nerve would be accompanied by the lowering of fu- nction of this peptidergic neurons) that was responsible for the dropping of the pain threshold. Conversely, a reverse result would be obtained. 3. In the rats receiving intraventricular injection of Hemi-choline (40 ug/rat/4h) plus electroacupuncture for 30 min, the content of ACh in the hypothalamus and the caudate nucleus was further lowered (-66% and -73%, P<0.01) as compared with control group. But that of Met-Enk was increa- rently (+31% and +28%, P<0.01), and the absolute Met-Enk value of the valid increase was still greater than that of simple acupuncture group. It was suggested that when the synthesis of ACh was blocked, and when the utilization rate of ACh was significantly accelerated by electroneedling the function of enkephalinergic neurons could be further strengthened through the action of electroacupuncture. It turned out that the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture could not be completely inhibited by the intraventriculer injection of Hemicholine. The pain threshold of rats in this group was still higher than that of rats in the control group (+383%. P<0.01). when giving rats subcutaneous injection of eserine (0.25mg/kg) plus electroacupuncture for 20min, the contents of ACh and Met-Enk in the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus were much higgher than those in the rats of control groups (ACh: +31% and +75%, P<0.01, Met-Enk: +34% and +67%, P<0.01). The pain threshold was also obviously elevated (+775%, P<0.001) at the same time. The elevated range of pain threshold was obvi- ously higher than the increased ranges of Ach and Met-Enk in the brain. It may indicate that during the increase of Ach concentration by eserine administration plus electroacupuncture, the content of Met-Enk was also increased. Furthermore, these changes which would perhaps be associated extensively with other neurotransmitters in central nervous system, such as 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Noradrenaline and substance P etc. may further enha- nce the effect of acupuncture analgesis.1074|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：1931年Von Euler和Gaddum从马脑和小肠中提取出P物质(SP),半个世纪以来,对其生理药理作用进行了大量研究,证明P物质是一种重要的肽类神经递质,特别是在痛觉调制中起重要作用。在脊髓背角和三叉神经核中,P物质可能是初级神经元传递“疼痛信息”的物质,但在中枢神经系统(CNS)不同部位作用的特异性及其在针刺镇痛中的意义,尚未见系统报The latency of avoidance response induced by radiant heat applied on the snout or tail was taken as the pain threshold. The injection of substance P(SP, 2.5 or 5μg) through the implanted cannulae into the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect, the pain threshold being increased by 59±9% and 91±18%, respectively. Injected into the subarachnoid space of spinal cord, SP induced a lowering of the pain threshold dy 26±6% from the basal. Antidody microinjection study revealed that intra-PAG injection of anti body directed to SP significantly attenuated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). In contrast, intrathecal injection of SP antibody apparently enhanced the EA analgesia. These results suggest that in the brain and in the spinal cord of the rabbit SP may display opposite effects: potentiation of EA analgesia in PAG and antagonism of EA effect in the spinal cord.921|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：实验在5只带有食道瘘和胃瘘清醒狗进行。胃液通过胃瘘连续收集,每15分钟收集一次。针刺足三里、脾俞和内关等穴位。实验结果表明,针刺穴位可使胃液碳酸氢盐和钠分泌显著增加,胃酸明显减少。电针要比手针作用效果好。针刺对胃酸分泌作用可被局部麻醉药——利多卡因封闭穴位或静脉给予抗胆碱药物——阿托品所阻断。提示针刺对胃分泌作用是通过体壁——内脏反射机制实现,其中胆碱能神经起着重要作用。867|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：后根传入纤维向中枢的投射,国内外曾有过一些报导。但重点多是讨论后根纤维在脊髓灰质内和在延髓各核团的分布以及身体不同部位在延髓薄束核,楔束核内的投射区而对于后根纤维在脊髓灰质内投射的节段性则报导的不多。我们的实验是通过切断颈6～8、胸1(C_(6～8)、T_1)的后根,用溃变染色法,进一步了解C_(6～8)、T_1的后根纤维向中枢投射的节段性及其分布。在针灸临床方面,针刺四肢和面部的一In this study 4 cats were used. The dorsal roots of cervical 6(c6)-tho- racic 1(T1) were cut separately. The degenerated fibers were stained wii- tanen T. Janet method. we have observed the degenerated fibers projecte- d in spinal and medulla. The results were as follows: 1. The degenerated fibers project to the bilateral spinal cord within the down and up 1-2 segments of the operated level. The ipsilateral sides a- re in the majority. The fibers may project toⅤ-Ⅶ lamina of the contrala- teral spinal cord. 2. The dorsal roots fibers of C6-T1 project to Clark's dorsal nuclei. 3. The segments which the dorsal root fibers of C6-T1 project are longer, from C1 to T8, situate in the intermedial part and the nuclei of proprius cornu dorsalis of the spinal cord. 4. The dorsal root fibers of C6-T1 project to the medulla. Beside pro- jecting to cuneatus nuclei and lateral cuneatus nuclei, they also project to the intermedia nuclei and the reticularis parvicellularis nuclei. The above results provided some evidences of morpholology for the a- cupuncture and acupuncture anesthesia.786|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：针刺体表穴位能治疗相应脏腑的疾病,并存在穴位相对特异性,已为临床证实。我们应用家兔在外周静脉注射异丙基肾上腺素和垂体后叶素,分别造成心动过速和心肌缺血的实验病理模型,结果认为“内关”穴对心血管功能异常有调整治疗作用,说明经脉经穴与相应脏腑存在着功能上的联系。为了进一步分析针刺效应的机制,本实验应用电刺激丘脑下部引起的中枢性心血管功能异常,观察针刺是否也有调整作用并分析共可能途径。816|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：冠心病猝死严重威胁人类的生命,其防治研究具有重要意义。临床报道针刺治疗冠心病有一定疗效,但针刺能否防治冠心病猝死还不清楚.而阐明针刺这一作用,有助于为临床寻求一种新的防治途径。为此我们近几年先后开展了有关这一课题的几项临床和实验观察。本文综合报道这些研究结果,并结合冠心病猝死的电生理学观点,对针刺防治猝死的可行性和前途作了初步探讨。831|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：自1972年以来,全国20多个省、市、自治区的30余单位对循经感传现象进行了较广泛的调查。在1977年至1979年间,我们安徽、福建、陕西、辽宁四省十四经感传图谱协作组也于安徽省蒙城县进行了这方面工作,并普查出经络敏感人(循经感传显著者)100名。调查情况表明“循经感传现象是客观存在的,它在人群中的分布也有一定规律可循”,但是,这种现象长期稳定情况如何?迄今,还未见专题报道。近几年我们查定的循经感传显著者,随机抽取54名,作了重复对照观察,借以对循经感传现象的基本特征性进行一些探讨。710|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：放射免疫测定法是六十年代初开始发展起来的一项新的超微量分析技术,它是利用免疫学上抗体和抗元之间相互反应的高度特异性和放射性同位素检测技术高度的灵敏性相结合而形成的一门新兴学科。放射受体分析的原理与放射免疫分析相似,只不过是用组织受体代替抗体,作为结合试剂而已,实际上它也是竞争性蛋白结合分析法的一种,所不同的是它以受体蛋白作为特异性结合剂。目前,常将放射免疫法、竞争性蛋白结At present, radioimmunoassay, competitive protein binding assay and ra- dioreceptor assay in all known as "compotitive radioassay" or "saturation a- ssay". The technique has the advantages of high specificity, senstivity, a- ccuracy andsimplicity. In this paper author review the recent main applications of the compe- titive radioassay in studies on the role of endogenous morphine-like su- bstances in acupuncture analgesia and the effects of acupunctre on adre- nal cortical hormones, female hormones, cyclic nucleotides and other ho- rmones. A great amount of important information for explaining acupuncture mechanism were accumulated The technique would be more widelier applied in the studies on acupu-ncture biochemical mechanism with its development.649|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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