最新刊期
1989年第3期
- 摘要：大家都知道,针灸是一项古老的医疗技术,它起源于中国,经过历代的发展,形成了我国几千年来保障人民健康的重要手段之一。它的重要性,可以说是和中草药方剂并驾齐驱的。但是在满清统治时期,针灸遭到了厄运,因为它被认为是伤害皮肉,有损机体,曾被禁止使用。虽然在民间仍然很流行,但在上层社会里,从不认为是正统医学。这种情况,清楚地反映在清代的文学作品里。例如,在红楼梦一书里,有多处关于生病吃药的描写,但在任何地方都没有提到针灸。可见那时在上层贵族阶级,并不认为针灸是正派的、有效的医疗技术。有时甚至把针灸看成为惩罚人的一种手段。这完全是不公正的。例如,在清朝另一名著聊斋志异一书里,曾描写一个妇女,忌妒成性,残暴异常以伤人为乐,后来受到上天的惩956|240|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture is known as an age-old healing art originated and developedin China,It has constituted one of the major means to protect the health ofthe people for many years,and it is regarded as important as as herb medicinein combating diseases in china,However,acupuncture suffered a serious set-back during the Ching Dynasty when acupuncture was denounced as beingharmful to the human body and was p(?)ohibited by the Manchu rulers,Althoughwidely used privately among the general population,acupuncture was not acce-656|10|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：中枢神经系统中存在着内源性镇痛系统的证据,先来自对脑刺激镇痛、阿片镇痛的研究,后来自对针刺镇痛、应激镇痛的研究。因此获知,伤害性信息不是为神经系统被动感受,而是在它向上传递时,受到了内源性镇痛系统的滤过和整合。其中包括脊髓背角和三叉神经脊束核痛敏神经元受到来自脑于下行纤维的抑制。近年来的研究表明,中枢神经系统中存在着的内源性镇痛系统有其复杂性和多样性,至少可将它们分为两大类,一为内源性阿片镇痛系统,另一为内源性非阿片镇痛系统。这在脑刺激镇痛、针刺镇痛和应激镇痛均获证实。808|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我们曾在大鼠上观察到,用 GABA 局部处理双侧皮层后,电针可使嘶叫阈降低(P<0.05),对照组动物嘶叫阈无明显改变(P>0.05),两组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在该实验中虽见到电针可提高甩尾阈。但给药组与对照组间无统计学差别。而 GABA 抑制皮层后,电针可削弱嘶叫阈的效应,提示皮层可能参与脑干以上较高级中枢痛反应的调节。荷包牡丹碱是 GABA 的拮抗剂,可选择性地减弱 GABA 的抑制作用。设想用荷包牡丹碱处理大鼠皮层后,电针对痛反应的影响可能与 GABA 的作用相反。本文试图以此设想进一步验证皮层对疼痛有下行调制作用。792|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我们以前的工作提出了侧脑室注入环-磷酸腺苷(C-AMP)诱发家兔皮层的痫样电活动,同时此痫样电活动可被某些中枢递质的受体阻断剂—α、DA 受体阻断剂所阻断,表明 cAMP 的致痫作用可能与单胺类的一些递质有关。有关电针制痫方面已有不少报导,但所用致痫因素多以青霉素直接施于大脑皮层的作用。我们的实验是以侧脑室注入 cAMP 后,诱发皮层产生痫样发作波,试图观察电针双测“足三里”穴对此制痫效应。材料和方法20只成年健康家兔,体重1.8～2.5kg,雌雄不拘。在10%含水氯醛静脉麻醉下,埋藏侧脑室套管,并在相当于左、右额区In conscious rabbits,injection of cAMP (100μg in 100μl,icy) elicited high amplitude and high-frequency epileptiform seizure pattern of ECoG.The epileptic waves were inhibited by lectro-acupuncturing bilateral“Zushanli”Points.During and after the cessation of electro-acupuncture the frequency,amplitude and duration of epileptiform discharges decreascd significantly,the seizure waves even disappeared completely.The frequency and amplitude of epileptic waves showed significant difference in comparison with those of the nonelectro acupuncture group (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively),the duration of epileptic waves shortened by 58.18—66.88%. The results suggested that electroacupuncture has antiepileptic action on c-AMP induced experimental epileptic seizure.826|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：隔核包括内侧隔核(sin)、外侧隔核(sl)、斜角带核(td),三角隔核及伞隔核等。sm、sl 及 td 是其主要部分。隔核是边缘前脑的重要结构,含有大量的胆碱能细胞、密集的脑啡肽能神经未梢和细胞体以及丰富的阿片受体,与痛觉机能有密切的关系。电刺激隔区能使动物的痛阈升高以及能提高电刺激牙髓的阈值;刺激隔区对外侧核、束旁核、中缝背核及中脑导水管周围灰质的痛诱发电位有明显的抑制作用。说明隔区参与痛觉的调节。对隔区已有许多形态学研究,但对隔区亚细胞群与脑内某些与疼痛有关区域的联系尚未见专门报道。我们采用 HRP、WGA-HRP 和 CB-HRP 法较详细地观察了与疼痛有关脑区至隔区主要亚细胞群 sm、sl、td 的传入联系。材料和方法实验用成年大鼠133只,选其中定位较准确,较局限的45只作为分析材料。用戊巴The afferent connections of septal nuclei from the brain areas relating to pain in the rat were studicd with HRP,WGA-HRP and CB-HRP methods. Some brain areas relating to pain,for instance,locus coeruleus,raphe nuclei,periaqueductal gray,hypothalamus,lateral habenular nucleus,amygdaloid complex,hippocampus and cingulate cortex,project to medial septal nucleus,lateral nucleus and diagonal band nucleus. The many areas relating to acupuncture analgesis project to septal nuclei,it is possible that the septal nuclei participate in regulating pain in the central nervous system.765|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：我们曾报道,隐神经 C 类纤维传入可以到达小脑皮层,引起特异的诱发电位(C-CEP)。其易被镇痛剂吗啡抑制,可以反映慢痛。本文进一步从小脑皮层 C-CEP 作为慢痛反应指标,观察电针足三里穴对其影响,以探讨小脑皮层与电针抑制慢痛的关系。材料与方法实验用猫,体重1.5～3.0kg,雌雄不限。静脉注射1%氯醛糖(80mg/kg)麻醉。气管插管后将猫头固定在脑定位仪上。开颅,暴露小脑皮层,在左侧蚓Ⅵ小叶表面安放单极银球电极引导诱发电位,参照电极置于前额皮下,动物接地。小脑皮层表面复盖38℃石蜡油。分离右侧隐神经,在外周端结扎并剪断之,于近中段分别放置铂丝双极刺激电极、Ag-Ag(?)l 阻断电极和记录电极,Experiments were performed on cats under chloralose anaesthesia and immobilized by Flaxedil.The right saphenous nerve was stimulated with single rectangular electric pulse of 30V and A-fibers were blocked selectively by the anodal current so as to elicic the C-fiber input only.The cerebellar cortical field potential evoked by C-fiber-input (C-CEP) yeas recorded on the contrala-teral vermian Ⅵ lobule surface. C-CEP can be inhibited obviously by injecting the morphine(0.5mg/kg)intravenously,It indicated that C-CEP had the close concern with the slow pain in ormation and might be regarded as the index of the slow pain. The effects of the EA at the “Zusanli” point on C-CEP were observed.The results as following: 1.The amplitude of C-CEP decreased obviously after the EA at the ipsilateral “Zusanli” (strengh:10V,duration:0.2ms,frequence:5Hz). 2.From 5V—30V the more the strength of the EA was,the more the inhibitory efficiency was, 3.The inhibitory efficiency of the EA at the ipsilateral “Zusanli” point on C-CEP was stronger than at the contralateral,and the strongest at the bilateral.751|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：资料表明,丘脑束旁核内存在有痛兴奋神经元(PEN)和痛抑制神经元(PIN),这两类神经元的活动与痛觉关系密切。GABA 在脑内含量很高,它对中枢神经元的抑制作用是肯定的,因此 GABA 可能是中枢神经系统内某些抑制性通路的介质。但 GABA 对痛觉的影响,文献报道不一。有人报道 GABA 脑内含量的增加或减少,可相应的加强或减弱吗啡的镇痛作用,脑室内注射 GABA 或拟似药时,大鼠的夹痛反应,尤其是嘶叫,被强烈减低。也有人报道脑内的 GABA 能系统对于电针和吗啡镇痛具有对抗作用。本实验以丘脑束旁核 PEN 和 PIN 的电活动为指标,观察脑室注射 GABA 对痛反应神经元的影响,探讨外源性 GABA 对痛觉的调制作用。808|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：资料表明,兴奋下丘脑防御反应区(Hypothamic Defence Area,HDA)可导致心血管交感活动亢进及其它多种功能活动的改变,这可能与脑内某些核团的单胺类递质活动有关,电针“足三里”或电刺激腓深神经(Deep Peroneal NerveStimulation,DPNS)能抑制刺激 HDA 诱发的升压反应和室性期前收缩等防御反应性表现。但在此抑制过程中,脑内单胺类递质的活动尚无明确证据。834|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：脊髓灰质炎又称小儿麻痹症,属中医“痿症”,是由脊髓灰质炎病毒损害脊髓前角细胞而致的急性传染病。临床上常因无特殊和及时的治疗,留有四肢或单肢肌肉弛缓型瘫痪后遗症。我们通过应用电排针治疗脊髓灰质炎后遗症1000例的临床观察,结果基本痊癒369例,显效340例,好转260例,无效40例,总有效率为96%,发现疗效与病情,病程有明显的反比关系,与疗程成正比,与年龄关系不明显,发现疗效与主要的瘫痪肌肉有关,说明电排针治疗脊髓灰质炎确有一定疗效。为了进一步明确疗效,本研究应用肌电图检查作为脊髓灰质炎的诊断和疗效观察的客观指标,现总结如下:We observed the changes of quadriceps femoris EMG before and after treatment on treatment 41 cases of poliomyelitis sequelae with series electro-acupuncture.In 41 patients muscles strength of quedriceps femoris before treatment in 35 cases was below 0 degree and 1 degree.The changes of EMG,Most had no motor unit potential,some only a few but duration was long,and amplitude decreased markedly.A few had fibrillation or positive sha(?)p wave.The changes in EMG accorded with the diagnosis of poliomyelitis sequelae. After 3 month treatment,tee EMG findings were decreasing or there was loss of fibrillation,appearance of motor unit potentials,increase of the amount of motor unit potentials,prolongation of duration and increasing of amplitude of motor unit potentials,appearance of polyphasic potentials etc. Through analysis of EMG,32 among 41 cases were improved,effective rate was 78%,P<0.01.EMG indices indicate the efficacy of seriesmg electro-acupuncture in treating the sequelas of poliomyelitis and confirm the clinical therapeutic effect of the treatment.The indices indicate that the pathological changes of damaged anterior horn cells of the spinal cord were decreased and partial recovery of nervous function.The EMG changes paralleled those in clinical therapeutic effect of treatment and changes of muscle strength.844|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：中枢儿茶酚胺(CA)主要有去甲肾上腺素(NA)和(DA)。我们曾观察到电针后大鼠脑内 NA 和 DA 含量发生显著变化,这种效应与所用的电针频率和强度有密切关系。许多实验研究也支持 NA 和 DA参与针刺镇痛过程。此外,阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮广泛被用来间接检查某一生理过程是否有内源性吗啡样物质参与。大量实验表明,无论全身性或脑室注射纳洛酮可以阻断或降低针刺的效应。由于脑内多种神经化学物质在代谢和功能上有着密切的联系。在本工作中,我们观察了大鼠腹腔注射纳洛酮对电针镇痛效应及其脑内 NA 和 DA 含量变化的影响,以便探讨阿片受体在针刺镇痛中对中枢 CA 的调节作用。888|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：晚近的心脏生理学研究表明,心脏为维持血液循环,一昼夜搏血达8吨之多,同时消耗大量的能量。其能量主要来源于冠状动脉提供的氧和代谢底物在心肌线粒体中的氧化磷酸化过程。由于心肌耗能多,使其氧储和高能磷酸键的储量均较少,因此其对能、氧缺乏十分敏感。许多研究表明,电针可以改善缺血和缺氧状态下的心脏功能,然而电针对禁食状态下心脏的影响尚未见报导,本工作主要观察了电针对禁食犬心肌游离脂肪酸摄取,心肌葡萄糖摄取及心肌氧耗量的影响。材料与方法实验对象:28只健康杂种犬被随机分为对照组和电针组,每组14只,平均体重对照(?) was observed in the study that effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on energy and oxygen metabolism of myocardium in fasting dogs.28 healthy mongrel dogs were divided into control and electroacupuncture (EA) group randomly.All the dogs were used in the experiment after fast of 7 days,and during the fasting the dogs were fed with water.The result shows that before EA,the quantity of myocardial uptake of free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose and m(?)ocardial consumption of oxygen in control group have not marked difference from that in EA group respectively (P>0.05). Myocardia uptake of FFA in EA group was obviously decreased than that in control group after EA on Pishu and Zhongwan points (P<0.05) and myocardial uptake of glucose in EA group was (?)nhanccd in comparson with that in control group (P<0.05).After removing needles,myocardial upeake of FFA was reduced in contrast to that before EA in EA group with statistical significance (P<0.05).Myocardial consumption of oxygen showed a depr- essing tendency after EA in EA group.but after removing needles,the data of myocardial consumption of oxygen had no difference from that before EA in EA group (P>0.05) and there was not different too in comparison of all the corresponding data between the EA and contral group separately. The result shows that the state of myocardial metabolism in fasting dogs could be improved by EA such as myocardial uptake of glucose was enhanced and myocardial uptake of FFA was reduced. It is possible that this result is due to reduction of the depressing affect of FFA metabolism to glucose metabolism in myocardium by EA.999|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：近年来针刺对胃电影响的报道较多。针刺“足三里”对实验动物狗、猫、兔的胃电频率及胃电幅度均有一定程度的影响.且具一定的调整作用。已知胃电起源于胃体上三分之一的胃大弯处,向幽门传导,具有愈近幽门传导速度愈快的特点。胃电在胃的各部分传导速度不同。在胃体一定部位的胃电传导速度是否可变?如果可变,是受什么因素影响?针刺是否具有影响传导速度的作用尚未见报道。本工作探讨了上述问题,比较了电针和手法运针的针效差异,还对其机制作了些研究。819|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：胃活动受交感神经和付交感神经的双重支配,其中迷走神经对胃活动的调节比较复杂,这在与胃有关迷走神经对胃电、胃血流影响的复杂性上可以表现出来。已知胃活动受迷走-迷走反射的调节。参于胃迷走-迷走反射的单纤维有不同的放电规律。本工作用引导迷走单纤维放电的方法来探讨针刺是否对胃迷走-迷走反射有影响。实验方法16 fasting cats were used to investigate the effect of acupuncture on discha(?)ge of gastric singal vagal efferent fibers (GSVEF). 1.The discharge of GSVEF may increase or decrease while artificially incrcaseing intragastrical pressure. 2.Both mannal acupuncture and electronic acupuncture could enhance or decrease GSVEA's discharge. All results suggest that acupuncture may adjust gastric activity through affecting gastrical vago-vagal reflex.734|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：许多临床与实验工作表明,针刺穴位可以使急性肾炎与慢性肾炎患者排尿量显著增加,全身体表浮肿消退或减轻。针刺对水负荷人体、慢性输尿管瘘狗、以及盐水负荷实验动物也有显著的利尿或利尿排钠作用。但其针刺作用机制尚未完全阐明。近年来报道:针刺对高血压患者有降压效应,对低血压休克患者有升压效应,但对正常人和正常动物的血压则无明显的影响,表明针刺对机体动脉血压水平有调整作用。针刺对肾泌尿功能的影响是否也具有调整作用,本工作对下列二个问题进行探讨:(1)电针能促进盐水负荷动物的肾水钠排出,但对正常无盐水负荷动物的肾水钠排出是否也有效?(2)电针促进盐水负荷狗肾水钠排出时,对尿钾的排出是否也有效?为了避免药物麻醉对实验动物针刺效应的影响,本工作在清醒慢性输尿管瘘狗进行研究。669|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：已知 P 物质(SP)在痛觉调制中,具有双重作用:鞘内注射 SP 拮抗剂可对抗 SP 引起的痛阈下降,将 SP 注入脑室、中脑导水管周围灰质,可出现镇痛作用。其镇痛效应可能是通过释放脑啡肽而实现的。以往的研究多应用脑室(或中脑导水管周围灰质),腹腔、肌肉以及鞘内注射或微电泳导入 SP 或 SP 抗体等方法,观察痛阈及神经元电位的变化。但在电针时,动物不同脑区和脊髓 SP 含量的变化有何不同,已有报道。为了进一步探讨中枢 P 物质与针刺镇痛的关系,本工作从三个方面进行观察:一是电针时大鼠海马、下丘脑、纹状体和脊髓内SP 免疫活动物质(Ir-SP)含量的变化;二是电针强度和频率对 Ir-SP 含量的影响;同时还观察了阿片受体和5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体在电针引起不同脑区 Ir-SP 含量变化中的作用。960|0|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：以 Freund 氏完全佐剂形成的大鼠实验性关节炎属于Ⅲ型变态反应性疾病,炎症肢体红肿、发热、运动障碍,局部痛阈明显降低,症状持续约一个月左右逐渐消退。我们使用针刺两侧环跳穴可以提高全身痛阈,对炎症局部痛阈的提高尤为显著。但针刺提高痛阈的强度不高,镇痛持续的时间不长,所以还不能满足临床上的要求。鉴于针刺可以增加体内脑啡肽的释放,因此针刺合并使用阿片受体激动剂芬太尼与多巴胺受体拮抗剂氟哌啶可以较大地增强针刺的镇痛效果。因此本实验在此基础上进一步研究针药合并对于炎症局部慢性痛的镇痛作用,为临床治疗寻找较好的途径。方法动物模型,SD 大鼠,体重约150～200克,雌雄各半,分性别、组别饲养,水食自Our previous study demonstrated that acupuncture increased pain threshold of the body,especially in the inflammatory area.Because acupuncture can promote the release of enkephalin in the brain,it is possible that analgesic effect of acupuncture could be fdrther strengthened by administration of fentanylan opioid receptor's agonist and droperidol-dopamine receptor's agonist at same time. In present study arthritic rats induced by freund's complete adjuvent were divided into two groups.All of them received electro-acupuncture on bilateral“Hung-Tiao” points for 15 minutes.The first group animals were also given with common dose of fenanyl 10μg/kg and droperidol 0.5mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection.Pain threshold increased very soon after needling and drugs given.The analgesic effect lasted as long as 180 minutes.There is a statistical siginficant difference between this common dose group and acupuncture control group which only kept analgesic effect 90 minutes,P<0.01.When only 1/5 dose of these druge with acupuncture was applied to arthritic rats,not only the pain threshold reached to 180+30% (P<0.01),but also the ana- lgesic effect persisted as long as 120 minutes (P<0.01).The results from mentiond above suggested that if a small dose of drug is no effect in usual treatment,it could still play a role and reduce the pharmacological side effect by way of combining acupuncture application.891|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：临床和动物实验证明,激光穴位照射对人体和动物有显著的镇痛效应,并且具有全身性镇痛和镇痛后效应特点。以往激光穴位照射代替传统针刺镇痛效应的研究多采用氦-氖激光,而对半导体砷化镓激光穴位照射镇痛效应的研究国内尚未报道。为此,我们以家兔痛阈为指标进行了半导体砷化镓激光或加低频电脉冲穴位照射镇痛效应的实验研究。同时对经穴与外周神经的关系和镇痛机理进行了探讨。现报道如下。928|0|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：苯中毒是常见的职业中毒之一。慢性苯中毒的主要损害是造血系统,其典型改变是白细胞减少、骨髓造血障碍和诱发染色体畸变。慢性苯中毒的治疗目前仍在探索阶段,主要是对症和支持疗法。而针灸防治苯中毒的疗效,报道尚少。本文在针灸治疗小鼠苯中毒实验取得良好疗效的基础上设计了两个针灸预防组,选择白细胞计数等作为实验指标,以观察小鼠染毒和针灸预防前后的变化,为进一步探讨针灸防治苯中毒有效的机理,提高针灸临床疗效,并探索预防苯中毒的新途径提供实验依据。833|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：对人体经穴和经线进行客观的直接观测,国内外学者早就进行了探索。但如何创立新的有效的客观测量手段,用以验证、研究经络学说,探索经络实质,仍是当前的一项迫切任务。我们曾以人体体表主动发射的超微弱冷光信息为指标,客观化、定量化地研究人体显性循经感觉传导规律,针刺对人体的调整作用、以及腧穴、特定穴、交会穴、子母穴的冷光特性,并对人体四肢部位经穴经线冷光特性作了观测。近年来,由于对测量装置作了较大的改进,得以对人体躯干部位的经穴经线冷光进行了观测,并且对人体四肢部位部分经穴593|0|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：由全国针刺麻醉研究会、上海市针灸学会主办,上海医科大学、上海市中医文献馆、中国中医研究院针灸研究所和《针刺研究》编辑部承办的全国针刺麻醉与针刺镇痛学术讨论会于1989年3月27—29日在上海召开。参加会议的代表有来自全国各地的医师、学者及有关部单位的领导共222人。并有来自苏联、美国、芬兰、印度尼西亚等国的学者以及台湾同胞、海外华侨、在华留学生等10人参加了会议。有关领导在讲话中高度赞扬了我国广大医疗、科研工作者在针刺研究方面长期来的辛勤努力以及所取得的丰硕成果,给到会代表很大的鼓舞。776|39|0更新时间：2023-08-11
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