最新刊期
2001年第3期
- 摘要：Here is the abstract of the final report for the project "Improvement of Anesthesia and Analgesia of Acupuncture Combined with Drugs: Clinical Observation and Experimental Research", one of the national key projects in the ninth five year plan.The results of clinical and experimental studies from Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai showed that acupuncture combined with drugs is the very useful method during clinical anesthesia (no matter epidural anesthesia or general anesthesia) and analgesia (such as pain during labor, post operative pain and sciatic neuralgia). Acupuncture can not only produce analgesia, but also protect the physiological functions of many organs such as brain, heart, kidney and throat. By the way, some new progress about the experimental research of the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia has been carried out, such as the relationship between the new discovered neuro modulators (endomorphin, orphanin FQ) and acupuncture analgesia.966|0|6更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture anesthesia is created by Chinese medical workers first in 1950s'. Up to now, about more than 1000,000 cases of operation including above 100 types of operation have been conducted under acupuncture anesthesia in China. In order to solve the problems of incomplete analgesia, muscular tension and reactions of visceral pulling, from the late stage of 1970s', Chinese medical workers have been adopting acupuncture anesthesia combined with anesthetics to enhance analgesic effect for operation and achieved considerable achievements. 1. Research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia before 1990. In 1979, National Acupuncture Anesthesia Subtotal Gastrectomy Corporation Group made a study program on acupuncture plus anesthetics compound anesthesia methods, etc. In 1981, the clinical effect of acupuncture plus anesthetics compound anesthesia was confirmed by the National Acupuncture Anesthesia Operation Academic Symposium. From that time on, acupuncture plus anesthetics compound anesthesia method begins. 2. Research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia from 1991 to 1995. During "the 8th 5 years", clinical research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia for renal transplatation, subtotal gastrectomy, abdominouterectomy, cholecystectomy, etc began. In addition, study on the conventional operating procedures for subtotal gastrectomy under acupuncture anesthesia combined with epidural administration of small dose of anesthetics was brought into the "State 8th 5 years' Key Research Projects of Science and Technology". Results of acupuncture plus anesthetics compound anesthesia indicate that ①the analgesic effect is enhanced significantly and the operation conducted under painless state basically; ② the dose of anesthetics needed is decreased significantly; ③ physiological disorders induced during operation are fewer, and the time for urination after renal transplantation is advanced; but ④ the anesthetic methods should be simplified, the applied anesthetics types and their dosages are needed to be studied. 3. Research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia from 1996 to 2000. Approved by Chinese State Ministry of Science and Technology and State Administration of TCM, "clinical and mechanism study on optimized acupuncture anesthetics compound anesthesia and analgesia" and "clinical research on acupuncture anesthesia combined with epidural administration of small dose of anesthetics" were brought into "the 9th 5 years' Key Research Projects of Science and Technology". Results display that ① generally, 4～6 acupoints are used every time and acupoint cutaneous electrical stimulation method is also applied; ② more physiological indexes and strict random control group are adopted; ③ the anesthetic effect of acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia reaches that of routine epidural anesthesia (including the anesthetic blocked level); during operation, the patients keep quiet, have no pain or only slight pain reaction, muscular relaxation is satisfied and the visceral pulling reaction is light; ④ the dose of epidural anesthetics needed is decreased by above 30%; ⑤ during operation, the patient's life signs keep stable, and the operation is conducted smoothly and wins doctors' and patients' approval; ⑥ in line with the good anesthetic effect of acupuncture anesthetics compound anesthesia, plasma NE content is declined and the immunofunction is enhanced; and ⑦ the anesthetic methods should be simplified further and more convinced theories and clinical practice are needed.725|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：30cases of new glottic reconstruction were performed under acupuncture anesthesia combined with drugs from 1996 to 2000. In these 30 cases of glottic stenosis after laryngeal reconstruction under general anesthesia, the lumen of the larynx was not much larger than was required for respiration. So all these patients tracheotomized could not be decannulated because of stenosis. A new glottic reconstruction under acupuncture anesthesia combined with drugs was performed in above mentioned 30 patients. Bilateral Futu (ST 32) and Hegu (LI 4) were punctured and stimulated electrically by setting the stimulating frequency of 100 Hz, a bearable strength and duration of 20 min after achieving sore, numb, heavy and distending needling sensations. Pethidine 1 mg/kg, rotundine 60 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg were given intramuscularly to each case as the supplementary medication 15 minutes before operation. Dicaine solution 1% was sprayed into the pharynx and larynx for topical anesthesia. During operation, the incision site of the skin was infiltrated with 0.5% procaine 10 mL. The anesthetic effects of acupuncture anesthesia were evaluated and attributed to: grade Ⅰ(excellent), grade Ⅱ(satisfactory), grade Ⅲ(fair) and grade Ⅳ(poor). According to the patency degree (the light type and the serious type) of glottis, the operative procedures were adopted correspondingly. We conducted quantitative measurement of the glottic width showing by laryngograph before and after operation. As to our experiences, the optimum width of the glottic lumen which is meticulously reconstructed under general anesthesia may be not accommodated the physiological path. Under the circumstances, glottic insufficiency or larynageal stenosis is often induced, resulting in an hypoventilation and often requiring an indwelling tracheotomy tube. Under acupuncture anesthesia, the patients were in conscious and physiological state thus the reconstructed new glottis may be easily achieved the physiological width. Of the 30 cases, 28 were male and 2 female ranging in age from 26 to 80 years. They suffered from glottic stenosis with the glottic width being less than 3 mm. So all these tracheotomized patients could not be decannulated because of respiratory insufficiency. New glottic reconstruction under combined acupuncture and medicinal anesthesia was performed by increasing the width of glottic lumen to about 4 mm～5 mm. 28 cases were successfully decannulated with normal respiratory function and 2 cases failed in removing the tracheal cannula. The success rate of operation was 93.3%. The success rate of this combined anesthesia was 97% including grade Ⅰ, 20 cases, grade Ⅱ, 9 cases, grade Ⅳ, 1 case. No complication occurred.690|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture anesthesia is considered to be satisfactory in performing goiter excision. From May of 1995 to March of 2001,we conducted 130 cases of operations including thyrohyoid cyst,mixed tumor of parotid gland and double thyroid adenoma,etc.During operation,the patients accepted electroacupuncture [bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6)] anesthesia combined with small dose of Fentanyl (i.v, initial dose: 0.05 mg, 0.025～0.05 mg given if necessary) and Lidocaine (local muscular injection, 1%～2% 2 mL).Results showed that of the 130 cases, 99 responded with excellence, 29 with a good effect and 2 with poor effect. The excellent plus good rate was 98.46%.It suggests that acupuncture anesthesia for operations of the cervical diseases is satisfactory. But it should be noted that, muscular relaxation is not satisfied in acupuncture anesthesia, and if the mass is too big and too deep, acupuncture anesthesia may be not applicable.823|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of preemptive analgesia of electroacupuncture(EA) for patients undergoing thoracic operation. Methods: 54 adult ASA (American Standards for Assessing the State of the Patient of American Anesthesia Association) grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients undergoing thoracic operation were randomly divided into three groups. The single blind method was used in the study. Patients in group A (n=18) were given with EA by using Han's Acupoint Nerve Stimulator(HANS) for stimulating Xiayifeng point and Sanyangluo (SJ 8) to Ximen (PC 4; 2/15Hz, 2～4 mA and 15～ 20 min) first, then given with inhalational anesthetic (enflurane) and intravenous administration of fentany 2 μg/kg/hr, vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg/0.5 hr and propofol 2 mg/kg, During operation, HANS stimulation was given continuously, and combined with vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg. In group B (n=18), acupoint surface electrical stimulation (without acupuncture) combined with anesthetics (being same to those of group A) was given. In group C (n=18), only anesthetics were used. Then, the number of patients needing intramuscular injection of dolantin and the average doses in 3 groups were observed at 0～4 hr, 4～8 hr, 8～12 hr, 12～16 hr, 16～20 hr and 20～24 hr after operation. Results: The average dose of the injected dolantin in Group C was significantly higher than those of group A and B(P<0.001). 0～4 hr, 4～8 hr, 8～12 hr, 12～16 hr and 16～20 hr after operation, the number of patients needing intramuscular injection of dolantin in group A, B and C were 2, 2 and 9; 1, 2 and 7; 1, 2 and 6; and 1, 3 and 6 respectively. It is clear that the number of patients needing dolantin of group C is evidently more than those of group A and B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture stimulation conducted before thoracotomy has a preemptive analgesia effect.859|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of application of acupuncture analgesia enhancing synergists combined with acupuncture anesthesia to pulmonary lobectomy. Methods: Before anesthesia, intramuscular injection of tramadol(100 mg, a weak analgesic) and maxolon (20 mg, for enhancing acupuncture analgesia) and intravenous administration of holoperidol and fentany were given to the patients. 80 cases of patients were randomly divided into acupuncture combined with anesthetic (ACA) group (n=40) and general anesthesia (GA) group (n=40). Acupoints used were Houxi (SI 3), Zhigou (SJ 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Ximen (PC 4), Yuji (LU 10), Shugu (BL 65), Zulinqi (GB 41), Taichong(LR 3), Taixi (KI 3) and Taibai (SP 3). After insertion of the needles, every acupoint was stimulated by manipulating the needle for 1 min, 3 times altogether. Then intravenous drip of compound fluid of 1% procaine and scoline and endotracheal intubation were conducted. Before pulmonary lobectomy, procaine 0.25% (60 mL) was injected into the local subcutaneous tissues. During operation, the patient was kept basic consciousness. Results: In ACA group, the excellent rate and successful rate were 78% and 100% respectively. In comparison with GA group, the doses of the used anesthetics in ACA group (0.039±0.004 mL/kg/min) were decreased by 45%, being significantly lower than those of GA group (0.071±0.014 mL/kg/min) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with anesthetics for pulmonary lobectomy is effective and can lessen patients' sufferings and thus is an applicable method in clinic.817|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：From February of 1997 to December of 2000, the acupuncture and drug anesthesia group applied manual acupuncture combined with intravenous administration of holoperidol and fentany to pulmonary operation under Vedio thoracoscope. 66 cases were randomly divided into acupuncture combined with intravenous injection of anesthetics (ACIIA) group (n=33) and general anesthesia (GA) group (n=33). Acupoints used were Houxi (SI 3), Zhigou (SJ 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Ximen (PC 4), Yuji (LU 10), Shugu (BL 65), Zulinqi (GB 41), Taichong(LR 3), Taixi (KI 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and were divided into 3 groups to be taken according to the incision location and the pulmonary operation. After insertion, each needle was manipulated continuously for 1 min, 3 times and 18 min altogether. Before anesthesia induction, intramuscular injection of tramadol (100 mg) and maxolon (20 mg) was given, followed by intravenous drip of compound fluid of 1% procaine and scoline. During operation, the acupuncture operator must follow the operation procedures, for example, when the pulmonary lobectomy was conducted and the incision extension needed, Neiguan (PC 6) and Taichong (LR 3) were stimulated with stronger manipulation. If necessary, fentany 0.1～0.2 mg was administered intravenously. Results showed that in ACIIA group, good anesthetic effect was found in 25 cases (78.8%) and the successful rate was 100%. In comparison with general anesthesia control group, the dose of dolantin compound liquid used was decreased by 43.5% per kilogram per minute.901|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of electroacupuncture on minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of enflurane. Methods: Fifty adult ASA grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients undergoing abdominal operation were randomly divided into group A (n=25, enhalating enflurane alone) and group B (n=25, enhalating enflurane plus electroacupuncture). MAC was determined according to Egger's method. Xiayifeng point and Sanyangluo (SJ 8) were punctured and stimulated with HANS (2/15 Hz, 2～4 mA, sparse dense waves, 15～20 min). Results: The MAC of group A was 1.67 Vol% and that group B was 1.15 Vol%. The difference between two groups was very significant(P<0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with enhalation of enflurane anesthesia for abdominal operation can effectively lower the minimal alveolar concentration of enflurane.783|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the protective effects of electroacupuncture on patients undergoing cardiac surgey. Methods: Forty patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) were randomly allocated to 3 groups: acupuncture anesthesia (AA) group (n=12),acupuncture combined with general anesthesia (ACGA) group (n=12), and general anesthesia (GA) group (n=16). Medicines used before operation were phenobarbital sodium (100 mg),pethidine (50 mg),Scopolamine (0.3 mg) in all three groups. Patients of group AA received acupuncture for 15 min before operation. Bilateral Neiguan (PC 6),Lieque (LU 7) and Yunmen (LU 2) were employed. After insertion,the needles were connected with an acupuncture anesthesia apparatus for stimulating the acupoints with electrical impulse 3～4 Hz in frequency,0.5～1 mA in strength and 20～30 min of duration. The stimulation was stopped after heparinization during extracorporeal circulation and continued after neutralization with protaminase. Patients in GA group were induced with dazepam 0.1 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.25 mg/kg,etomidate 0.2 mg/kg and fentanyl 5 μg/kg, and anesthesia was maintained by continuous inhale of isoflurane and intermittent injection of fentany and vecuronium. Patients of ACGA and GA groups were treated with the same methods except for electroacupuncture stimulation in the former group. Hemodynamics parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP),cardiac output (CO),cardiac index (CI),stroke volume (SV),SVR were recorded before and after anesthetic induction,making incision,before performing bypass,stop bypass,30 min after bypass and after operation. Superoxide dismutase(SOD),malonyldialdehyde (MDA),creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CPKI) extracted from blood samples of internal jugular vein were analysed before bypass,cease of bypass and 1 hour after bypass. Myocardial samples of right auricle were taken for detecting the expression of heat shock protein (HSP 70 ) mRNA at the time of pre bypass,cease of bypass and 1 hour after bypass. Results: CI,MAP and SV of AA group were lower than those of ACGA group and GA group. Compared to values of pre induction,CI,MAP and SV in GA group decreased significantly after operation (P<0.05),while there were no marked changes in AA group. SOD increased significantly in AA group and ACGA group at the time of 1 hour after bypass compared to values of pre bypass,and decreased notably in GA group.MDA increased significantly in GA group during 1 hour after operation. CPKI increased notably in all the three groups during 1 hour after bypass compared with the values of pre bypass,and the increased extent was higher in GA group than that of AA group and ACGA group.The expression of HSP 70 mRNA was stronger in AA group and ACGA group than that of GA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture can adjust hemodynamics in patients undergoing cardiac operations,enhance the ability of oxygen derived free radicals clearance and the expression of HSP 70 mRNA,reduce myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.964|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：46cases of cholecystectomy were randomly divided into acupuncture combined with extradural injection of small dose of anesthetics group (group A, n=16), acupoint skin electrical stimulation with extradural injection of small dose of anesthetics group (group B, n=14), simple extradural injection of small dose of anesthetics group (group C, n=16). The results revealed that in group A and group B, the excellent plus good rates (class Ⅰ+Ⅱ) were 100% and 92.80% separately, while that of group C was 12.50%. The anesthesic effect of groups A and B was better than that of group C (P<0.01). The average dose of 1.5% lidocaine for extradural anesthesia per hour was reduced by 33.50% and 34.00% respectively in groups A and B compared with that of group C (P<0.01). The amount of lidocaine administered in the first hour and the total amount of lidocaine in groups A and B were reduced by about 30% compared with those of group C. These indicate that acupuncture and acupoint skin electrical stimulation combined with epidural injection of small dose of anesthetics for cholecystectomy may obviously decrease the amount of extradural anesthetics, improve the anesthetic effects and remedy the defects of incomplete analgesic effect, incomplete muscular relaxation and visceral pulling reaction under simple acupuncture anesthesia. Thus these methods meet the elementary demands of cholecystectomy. The values of plasma catecholamine were determined in 33 cases of cholecystectomy with 11 cases in each group. The plasma noradrenaline (NE), adrenaline (E) and dopamine (DA) were detected one day before operation, during operation (30 min after anesthesia) and 3 days after operation in all the cases. Results: In groups A and B, plasma NE contents were 2.282±0.841 ng/mL and 2.341±1.566 ng/mL respectively during operation, which were lower than those of pre operation (3.853±1.476 ng/mL and 2.902±1.490 ng/mL) (P<0.01). In group A, plasma NE lowered significantly in comparison with pre operation (P<0.01). But in group C, the NE level increased slightly during operation compared with pre operation. Plasma E contents of groups A and B increased obviously during operation (P<0.01). Plasma DA of the 3 groups during operation increased in comparison with pre operation. Three days after operation, plasma NE, E and DA values were close to those of pre operation. This indicates that either acupuncture or acupoint skin electrical combined with extradural injection of small dose of anesthetics can function in regulating the activity of sympathetic nerve. The effect of acupuncture anesthesia may be mainly related to plasma NE rather than E and DA. It reveals that acupuncture and acupoint skin electrical stimulation may reduce or suppress the stress response caused by surgical operation.949|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe changes of T lymphocyte subgroups in the peripheral blood in cholecystectomy patients undergoing acupuncture anesthesia combined with epidural administration of small dose of anesthetics for studying the effect of acupuncture analgesia on the immuno functional activity. Methods: A total 20 cases of cholecystitis plus cholelithiasis patients were randomly divided into acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia (ACEA) group (n=10) and epidural anesthesia (EA) group (n=10). Blood samples (2 mL/time) were collected from the peripheral vein before, during and on the 5th day after operation for isolating lymphocytes that were stained with immunocytochemical technique. For comparison, blood samples of control group were collected from 10 cases of healthy people. Results: ① Before anesthesia, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups in the number of CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + and the ratio of CD 4 + and CD 8 + (P>0.05). ② During operation, CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + of ACEA group were obviously more than those of EA group (P<0.05). On the 5th day after operation, the number of CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + of ACEA group was still obviously higher than that of EA group (P<0.05). ④ Comparison of CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + and CD 4 + /CD 8 + before, during and after operation in ACEA group showed no significant differences, while in EA group, the number of T lymphocyte subgroups was decreased slightly, except for CD 4 +(P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture could strengthen the analgesic effect of anesthetics, lower the dose of epidural anesthetics and raise lymphocyte mediated immunocompetence.956|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the transplanted kidney function during operation and in the early period of post operation. Methods: Forty four adult patients (22 males and 22 females) were randomized to one of the following four groups (with 11 patients in each group): ①routine dose (12～14 mL) epidural block (RDEB), ②small dose (7～8 mL) epidural block (SDEB), ③ EA+RDEB and ④ EA+SDEB. Patients in the two EA group received a 30 minutes' EA stimulation of Ciliao (BL 32), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Zusanli (ST 36) before epidural anesthesia. Additional epidural doses were permitted to maintain a block level of T 6～T 8 whenever necessary during operation. Lactate Linger's solution and 5% dextrose were infused intravenously. Colloids or blood transfusion was used if indicated. The ECG, SPO 2, arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were monitored continuously. Plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were detected before anesthesia and at the time of restoration of renal blood flow to the transplanted kidney. The time for starting urine formation and urine flow rate were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters, urine output, solution input, plasma urea, creatinine and potassium were monitored daily postoperatively for 4 days. Results: ① Mean consumptions of local anesthetic solution were 28, 24, 21 and 14 mL in RDEB, SDEB, EA+RDEB and EA+SDEB groups respectively. ② Hemodynamics was more stable in EA+SDEB group with minimum intravenous solution requirement. ③ Earlier urine formation and more urine output were found in patients of the two EA groups in comparison with RDEB and SDEB groups. ④ There were no statistically significant changes in plasma NE levels between pre and post operation in the 4 groups while plasma E levels in two EA groups were higher than preoperation. ⑤ Hemodynamics was maintained stable in all groups postoperatively. ⑥ Urine output in SDEB was less than those of the other groups in the first 24 hours of postoperation and was still less than that of RDEB group in the following 24 hours after operation. ⑦ Plasma urea, creatinine and potassium decreased faster in two EA groups. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture stimulation can decrease the requirement of epidural anesthetics, increase plasma epinephrine level, stabilize hemodynamics and improve the early renal function of the transplanted kidney under combined anesthesia of EA and epidural administration of small dose of anesthetics.865|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To evaluate the effect of combined application of HANS(Han's Acupoint Nerve Stimulator) and diazepam and tramadol on labor pain and its influence on mother, fetus and newborn baby in order to find a safe, convenient and effective method for pain relief during labor.Methods: 270 normal term pregnancy and primipara with single vertex presentation were randomly divided into six groups: HANS+diazepam(diazepam 10 mg, iv), HANS, diazepam(diazepam 10 mg, iv), HANS+tramadol(tramadol 100 mg,im), tramadol(tramadol 100 mg,im) and control group. All the methods for relieving pain were given when the cervixs were dilated to about 2～3 cm in diameter. The plate like electrodes of HANS were placed at Jiaji(EX B 2) and Ciliao(BL 32) for stimulating these points with frequency of 2/100 Hz alternately and intensity of 14～30 mA. Labor pain was evaluated by VAS(visual analogue scaling) and graded into four degrees at the time of one hour before and after analgesia, the cervix dilation being about 7～8 cm in diameter, second stage, and post labor respectively. Indexes of VAS, duration of labor, fetal cardiotocography, post partum bleeding, blood gas analysis of umbilical artery, Apgar score and asphyxia of different groups were compared.Results: ① The analgesic effective (markedly effective plus effective rate) rates of HANS+diazepam, HANS+tramadol and HANS were 90.3%,, 78.9% and 59.8% respectively. ② In the two groups of combination of HANS and medicines, the VAS at the time of one hour after analgesia, cervix dilation of 7～8 cm and second stage were significantly lower than those of pre analgesia (P<0.01). There were significant differences in VAS between each experimental group and control group in various stages. ③ In two medicine groups, the VAS at the time one hour after analgesia was much lower than that of pre analgesia (P<0.01), but at the time of cervix dilating 7～8 cm and second stage, the VAS of diazepam group was the same to that of pre analgesia, and that of tramadol was higher than that of pre analgesia. ④ In HANS group, the VAS at the time one hour after analgesia and second stage were much lower than that of pre analgesia(P<0.01), at the time of cervix dilating 7～8 cm, the VAS was lower than that of pre analgesia(P<0.05). ⑤ The VAS of HANS+diazepam at the time of one hour after analgesia and the second stage were much lower than those of the rest 5 groups. There was no statistical difference between tramadol and HANS+tramadol groups in VAS at the time of cervix dilating 7～ 8 cm, but VAS of tramadol and HANS+tramadol groups were much lower than those of the other three groups(P<0.01). ⑥ There were no significant differences among the six groups in duration of labor, delivery mode, post partum bleeding, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and umbilical blood PH.Conclusion: HANS combined with some sedative or analgetics (diazepam, tramadol) has good analgesic effect on labor pain. No side effect was found in mothers and babies. It is suggested that combination of HANS and diazepam or tramadol is safe, convenient and effective for relieving pain during labor.703|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The authers applicated "Neimadian point" acupuncture to orthopedic surgery of extremities and achieved excellent result. 60 cases of orthopedic operation of extremities were divided randomly into two groups: acupuncture analgesia and control groups. The sex, age and duration of operation of the two groups were basically same. The surgery was performed under rouotine druge anesthesia. The Neimadian points of both legs of the patients in the acupuncture analgesia group were acupunctured and stimulated electrically for 30 minites before drug anesthesia. The postoperative pain state was observed with blind method. According to the WHO formulated grading standards of pain, the postoperative pain were divided into 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ grades. The patients' vital life signs, expression changes, and the administration and dosage of the analgesics were observed continuously for 24 hr after operation. Combining with the painful score records (performed by patients themselves) and according to NRS figure grading standards, the painful scores of each patient were evaluated. The results shown that the analgesic effect of acupuncture group was better significantly than that of control group(P<0.05). Under "Neimadian point" acupuncture anesthesia performing operation of extremities was successful, and our research data demonstrated that the level of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ during operation and after operation had no significant changes compared with preoperation. This shown that the blood pressure of patients was stable during and after operation. It also shown that plasma endorphin β level during and after operation was significantly higher than that of preoperation, suggesting an analgesic effect of "Neimadian point" acupuncture. Compared with drug analgesia, "Neimadian point" acupuncture analgesia has some advantages, such as no complex instrument needed, easy operation, low expenses, no side effects, easier to be accepted by patients, etc.764|0|6更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Dysfuntion of temporomandibular joint is one of the common stomalotogical diseases, marked by discomfort while opening mouth, pain in the temparomandibular joint region and noise appearing while moving the joint. The authors of the present paper treated 17 cases with acupuncture of Xiaguan (ST 7) and got a satisfactory result. Methods: Gauge 30 filiform needle 1.5 cun long was used to insert into Xiaguan (ST 7) rapidly to a depth of about 0.5 cun. The needle was manipulated with uniform reducing reinforcing method and then retained for 40 minutes. During retention of the needle the focus was irradiated with a TDP lamp. The treatment was given once daily, with 10 treatments being a therapeutic course. For severe patients, Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4) were used in combination. Results indicated that after acupuncture treatment all the 17 cases were cured.664|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with dexamethasone in treatment of multiple radiculoneuritis. Methods: A total 68 cases of multiple radiculoneuritis in and out patients including 31 cases of males and 37 females were randomly divided into treatment group (n=35 cases) and control group (n=33 cases). In treatment group, acupoints of Yangming Meridian as Jianyu (LI 15), Shouwuli (LI 13), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5), Biguan (ST 31), Futu (ST 32), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Guanyuan (RN 4), Yaoyangguan (DU 3), Xinshu (BL 15) and Zhongwan (RN 12) were used as the main acupoints and stimulated electrically for 30 min. Simultaneously the patients were asked to take dexamethasone 15 mg, 3 times daily, continuously for one week, followed by gradual decrease (to null) of dose. In control group, patients were asked to take dexamethasone only with the same dose. Ten sessions of treatment were considered as a therapeutic course and a total of 4 courses performed. Results: After treatment, of the 35 cases in treatment group, 25 (71.43%) were cured, 5 (14.29%) had remarkable improvement, 4 (11.43%) had improvement and the rest one (2.86%) was failed in treatment, with the total effective rate being 97.14%. In control group, 14 (42.42%) were cured, 13 (39.39%) had marked improvement, 3 (9.09%) had improvement and 3 (9.09%) had no significant effect, with the total effective rate being 90.90%. The cure rate of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Combined treatment of multiple radiculoneuritis with acupuncture and dexamethasone is superior to that of simple dexamethasone in cure rate.847|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of opposing needling of Ahshi point for treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis. Methods: 84 scapulohumeral periarthritis patients were treated by puncturing Yanglingquan (GB 34) on the healthy side and Ahshi (tender) point on the affected side once every day or every other day. 10 treatments were considered as a therapeutic course. In addition, they were asked to do functional exercise by themselves after treatment. Results: Of the 84 cases, 28 were cured, 40 experienced improvement and 16 had no significant changes. Conclusion: Opposing needling of Ahshi point has a good therapeutic effect in treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis.702|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic and frequently occurring general autoimmune disease characterized chiefly by joint synovitis. Up to now, its pathogenesis remains unclear. According to its symptoms as pain, swelling and malformation of joints of extremities, it belongs to the category of "Bi syndrome". In the present paper, the effect of acupuncture with the needles warmed with ignited moxa (warming needles in short) was observed and compared with that of Western medicine Votalin Ointment. Close attention was paid to its local analgesic effect in treating RA. 62 cases of adult active RA including 23 males and 39 females were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group and control group. All the patients met the RA Revised Classification Standard (1987) and Active RA Standard of American Rheumatoid Disease Association. In treatment group, 31 patients were treated with warming needles and acupoints used were Quchi (LI 11), Waiguan (SJ 5), Hegu (LI 4), Baxie (EX UE 9), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Zusanli (ST 36), Kunlun (BL 60), Bafeng (EX LE 10), etc. The treatment was given once daily, with two or three points used every time, and with the needles warmed for 20 to 30 minutes. In control group, Votalin Ointment was applied to the local affected part, twice daily. 30 days' treatment was considered as a theraputic course. An interval of 5 or 7 days was given before the next treatment started. After treatment, the results showed a satisfactory result in both groups. Regarding to the pain and swelling degrees, Ridit Test showed a significant difference between pre and post treatment (P<0.05). Tenderness index of joints and the numbers of joint pain had remarkable improvement, symptoms such as morning stiffness, etc were obviously improved, but there was little difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Warming needle therapy is effective in improving clinical symptoms especially in relieving pain, which is similar to that of Votalin Ointment. It is worth to be mentioned that the warming needle treatment has no irritant to the skin and has no side effect, and is thus superior to Votalin Ointment in this respect.934|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of puncturing Ahshi points for treatment of muscular injury of the waist, legs, neck and shoulders. Methods: A total of 145 patients (79 males and 66 females, ages: 12～83 years, duration of disease: 1 day～20 years) were observed. Ahshi point was determined according to the site where the most obvious tender point is located. Gauge 28 filiform needle 2～4 cun long was straight inserted into the skin and the subcutaneous loose connective tissues in an appropriate distance to the Ahishi point and controlled to advance toward the tender point along the longitudinal axis of the muscle bundle. Generally, the patient will have an apparent sore and distending feelings in the local area, then the needle was retained for 3～15 min and not lifted, thrust or twirled. When the needling sensations disappeared or the pain was relieved apparently, the needle was removed. Results: After treatment, of the 145 cases, 42 were cured, 86 experienced remarkable improvement, 13 had improvement and 4 were failed in treatment, the effective rate was 88.3%. Conclusion: Acupuncture of Ahshi point is fairly effective in treatment of muscular injury.650|0|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：158sciatica patients including 87 males and 71 females, aged 21～80 years were observed.Methods: Symptoms, signs, locomotion ability and verbal analog scale (VAS) of every case were used as four groups of indexes of observation. Dimension of every group index was quantified as 0,1,2 and 3 scores. 0 means no pain, no positive sign, normal locomotion or 0 score of VAS, 3 means extreme pain, maximum positive sign, no locomotion or 10 points of VAS. All the points of every case added of the four groups of indexes were considered as the total integral value. The total integral value of the extremely severe case was 12 points while the normal case was 0 point. These 158 cases were divided into five groups according to the principle of randomly sampling. 1) Simple EA group, 2) EA plus placebo (administration of Vitamin C 100 mg tid), 3) EA plus Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker, 10 mg tid), 4) EA plus Beclofen (GABA receptor agonist, 10 mg tid), and 5) EA plus Clonidine (alfa 2 receptor agonist of NA). All the medicines were put into the capsules with the same color and same size. Double blind principle was employed to carry out the observations.EA stimulation (0.4～ 0.6 mA, 50 Hz) was applied to bilateral Dachangshu (BL 25), Shenshu (BL 23), Chengshan (BL 57), Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Weizhong (BL 40) points, for 30 min, once a day or every other day and with 5～10 times being a therapeutic course. Results: Curative effect was classified into 3 kinds. Significant effect meant that the total integral was decreased by more than 50%; improvement meant that the total integral value was decreased by 15～49% and no effect meant that the integral value was decreased by less than 14%. After treatment, the integral values of different groups decreased significantly in comparison with pre treatment of each group (P<0.025). It indicates that both simple EA and EA plus medicine groups had a marked curative effect. The total curative effect rates of Simple EA group, EA plus placebo, EA plus Nifedipine, EA plus Beclofen and EA plus Clonidine groups were 28%, 28.13%, 47.06%, 79.41% and 93.93% respectively. Except simple acupuncture group, the differences of the total integral between EA plus placebo group and each other groups were significant (P< 0.001). It indicated that medicines could strengthen the EA effect and placebo had no effect.There was a significant difference between No.2 and No.3 or No.4 in the total integral values (P<0.001). It means that the analgesic effect of both Beclofen and Clonidine is better than Nifedipine while the difference between Beclofen and Clonidine is not significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In partial patients, EA has definite analgesic effect, can improve the signs and strengthen locomotion, Nifedipine, Beclofen and Clonidine may enhance the therapeutic effect of EA further.796|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：We treated 122 patients with lithiasis in the urinary system from 1996 to 1999. Among them, 36 cases suffered from renal calculus and 86 from ureterolith; 80 were male and 42 female. The longest duration of disease was 20 years and the shortest 3 days. Through ultrasonic examination, it was shown that the largest stone was 10 mm×8 mm and the smallest about 3 mm×4 mm. Two groups of acupoints selected were 1) Shenshu (BL 23), Jingmen (GB 25), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Feiyang (BL 58); and 2) Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28), Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) that were used alternately, one time a day. The needles were retained for 30 minutes. In addition, Ershenmen (MA TF 1) and Jiaogan (MA AH 7) were supplemented for renal colic; Xuehai (SP 10) and Taichong (LR 3) for urodynia and hematuria; Quchi (LI 11) and Dazhui (GV 14) for fever, Zusanli (ST 36) and Taixi (KI 3) for asthenia. When the first acupoint group used, the patient with unilateral lithiasis was asked to take lateral decubitus with the affected side being upwards. In treatment of bilateral lithiasis, the patient was asked to take prone position. Shenshu (BL 23) was stimulated with electroacupuncture (EA) after "Deqi", and the rest acupoints were stimulated with reducing needling method. When the second point group used, the patient was ordered to take supine position. Guanyuan (CV 4) and Shuidao (ST 28) were also stimulated with EA after "Deqi" and the rest acupoints were stimulated with reducing needling method. For patients with weak constitution, Zusanli (ST 36) and Taixi (KI 3) were stimulated with reinforcing needling method. Chinese medicinal herbs employed were Jinqiancao (Herba Lysimachiae), Haijinsha (Spora Lygodii), Cheqiancao (Herba Plantaginis), Jineijin (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli), Chuanshanjia (Squama Manitis), Huashi (Talcum), Shiwei (Folium Pyrrosiae), Fuling (Poria) and Baimaogen (Rhizoma Imperatae), combined with Yinhua (Flos Lonicerae) and Lianqiao (Fructurs Forsythiae) for fever; with Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Xiaoji (Herba Cephalanoploris) and Qiancao (Radix Rubiae) for hematuria; with Renshen (Radix Ginseng) and Huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) for asthenia; and with Yuanhu (Rhizoma Corydalis), Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Chuanlian (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) for renal colic. Results showed that after treatment, of the 122 patients with renal calculus or ureterolith, 105 (86.6%) were cured, in 36 cases with renal calculus, the stones were removed in 27 cases (75%). In 86 cases with ureterolith, 78 cases (90.7%) had their stones eliminated. It was found that ureterolith is easier to be removed than renal calculus, with the stone eliminating rate of the former being significantly higher than that of the later (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with herbal medicines is faster, safer and definite in removing urinary lithiasis.611|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicinal herbs for treatment of zoster. Methods: A total of 28 zoster outpatients were treated with focal encircling needling method and with the interval between every two needles being about 1～2 cun. The needles were retained for 1 hour, with 10 times being a therapeutic course. A piece of gauze immersed with polyinosinic acid was placed on the focus skin in the middle part of the inserted needles and then the focus was irradiated with a TDP lamp for 1 hour, once every day. A mixture of Xionghuang (Realgar) 1 g, Bingpeng (Borneolum and borax) Powder and some milk solution was applied to the focus and Chinese medicinal herbs used for oral administration were Yinhua (Flos Lonicerae) 15 g, Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae) 30 g, Bohe (Herba Menthae)15 g, Difuzi (Fructus Kochiae) 30 g, Tufuling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 20 g, Yuxingcao (Herba Houttuyniae) 30 g, Danpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 30 g and Pugongying (Herba Taraxaci) 30 g. Results: After one course of treatment, of the 28 cases, 18 (64.3%) were cured, 5 (17.9%) had remarkable improvement, 4 (3.5%) had improvement and one (3.55) had no effect, with the total effective rate being 96.5%. Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with Chinese medicinal herbs is fairly effective in treatment of zoster.733|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with medicines in treatment of canine intervertebral disc diseases. Methods: A total of 16 cases of intervertebral disease induced paralysis canines (13 male dogs and 3 female dogs) were treated with handle acupuncture of "Zhongshu" (GV 7), "Jizhong" (GV 6), "Xuanshu" (GV 5), "Mingmen" (GV 4), "Yangguan", "Guanhou", "Danshu" (BL 19), "Pishu" (BL 20), "Sanjiaoshu" (BL 22), "Shenshu" (BL 23), Ahshi point, etc. Intervertebral disc diseases included protrusion and calcification of the intervertebral discs, and narrowing of the intervertebral space. Acupuncture treatment was given once every other day or every 3 days. Ampicillin 0.25 g, 2% procaine 1 mL mixed with water for injection 1 mL were injected into the 3 sites around the focus, combined with muscular injection of Vitamin B 1 0.5 mL (12.5 mg) and B 12 0.5 mL (50 μg), once every 2～3 days. Results: After combined treatment, of the 16 canines, 10 (62.5%) were cured (the dogs could walk, stand and run as normal); 3 (18.75%) had remarkable improvement (the dogs could stand and walk slowly, but still had pain response during running and jumping); one (6.25%) had improvement (the dog could move about and stand occasionally but could not walk normally) and the rest 2 (12.5%) had no effect (the aforementioned movement functions had not any improvement). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with medicines works well in treatment of intervertebral disc diseases.569|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture can mobilize endogenous opioid system and produce analgesia. However, there is some variability of the analgesic effect between individuals, which is related with cholecystokin level of the subject. In the present study, we try to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address the question by which neuropathways CCK influences acupuncture induced analgesia. Two different frequencies of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) were administered to normal human body. TEAS was used instead of traditional acupuncture for its similar analgesic effect and convenience of parameter adjustment. Our previous studies have indicated that low and high frequency TEAS generated effects through different neuropathways, in which some nuclei of midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus played an important role. 25 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into two groups to receive low and high frequency TEAS respectively. Data from functional MRI scanning (EPI sequence, TR=3000 ms, TE=45 ms, Flip angle: 90°) were collected at the same time of stimulation. Basal and after TEAS pain thresholds were measured by radiant heat withdrawal test 1～3 days before fMRI examination and changes of pain threshold were calculated as the index of analgesic effect of TEAS. Functional data were processed with cross correlation of timecourse and stimulation curve after registration, normalization and detrending. The averaged signal intensity of every interested region was linear regressed according to the change of pain threshold. We found that in low frequency TEAS group, activation intensity of contralateral primary and supplementary motor areas (MI and SMA), bilateral secondary somatosensory area (SⅡ), contralateral thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24), ipsilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula had a significant linear correlation with the change of pain threshold. Furthermore, the signal intensity of bilateral hippocampus and the change of pain threshold had a negative linear correlation. While in the areas of primary somatosensory area (SⅠ) and inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), such linear correlation did not exist. In the case of high frequency TEAS, the results were similar to those mentioned above, that is, the corresponding somatosensory areas and the connective cortex were all activated. While the relevant motor related areas were seldom activated. Parts of the limbic system such as bilateral amygdala, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbence, and premedial frontal cortex, were inhibited, among which signals of amygdala and nucleus accumbence were negatively related with the analgesic effect. Our results suggested that different frequencies of TEAS stimulation activated different brain areas. Some brain areas are specifically involved in the TEAS analgesia process. They may play an important role in the acupuncture analgesic neuropathways.990|0|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Interleukin1β (IL 1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. The expression of IL 1β and its receptor antagonist (IL 1Ra) after cerebral ischemia is not well defined so far. The aim of present study was to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of IL 1β and IL 1Ra in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and reperfusion. Using in situ hybridization and RT PCR techniques, it was found that in the MCAo group the expression of IL 1β mRNA was markedly increased at 2 hr, 6 hr and 12 hr after reperfusion in the ischemic cerebral cortex compared with normal group. The IL 1Ra mRNA expression was rapidly induced by MCAo, and also increased significantly at 12 hr, reaching a peak level at 24 hr of reperfusion in ischemic cortex. In ischemic striatum the IL 1Ra mRNA was increased only at 12 hr after ischemia/reperfusion and decreased significantly at 24 hr after ischemia/reperfusion. In EA + MCAo group the expression of IL 1β mRNA in ischemic cortex was significantly decreased at 2 hr, 6 hr and 12 hr; but the expression of IL 1Ra mRNA was increased significantly compared with MCAo group 24 hr after reperfusion in the cerebral cortex and stratium. Our results indicated that EA stimulation of "Shuigou" (GV 26) and "Baihui" (GV 20) acupoints could downregulate the IL 1β mRNA expression and upregulate the IL 1Ra mRNA expression in cerebral ischemic rats, which might be the neuroprotective effect of EA on cerebral ischemia, and one of the mechanisms of EA anti-ischemia.1016|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：It was suggested that the nucleus submedius (Sm) in the medial thalamus and the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) in the prefrontal cortex were involved not only in nociception, but also in modulation of nociception. The Sm VLO PAG may constitute a pathway responsble for nociceptive modulation. Activation of this pathway depresses the nociceptive inputs at the spinal and trigeminal levels via the brainstem descending inhibitory system. This pathway may play an important role in analgesia produced by acupuncture evoked inputs from the small afferent fibers. For proving this hypothesis, a series of studies were performed in our laboratory.① Results of the present study revealed that bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Sm facilitated the radiant heat evoked tail flick (TF) reflex, with the latency of the TF reflex shortening in the rat lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital. If the Sm is purely a nociceptive center, the contrary result should be obtained. Therefore, this result suggests that Sm may be involved in nociceptive modulation, and may exert a tonic descending inhibitory influence on nociceptive transmission. Further investigations indicated that unilateral electrical stimulation of Sm or microinjection of glutamate into Sm significantly depressed the TF reflex, the jaw opening reflex (JOR), as well as the nociceptive responses of neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. All these effects were intensity (or dose) dependent and location specific. Moreover, the Sm evoked antinociception could be markedly reduced or eliminated by electrolytic lesion of ipsilateral VLO or bilateral lesions of ventrolateral or lateral parts of PAG, or by microinjection of GABA into VLO or PAG. Similarly, electrical or chemical activation of VLO also produced antinociception, and this effect was eliminated by lesion or depression of the PAG. These facts suggest that the antinociception produced by activation of Sm is mediated by VLO, leading to activation of the PAG brainstem descending inhibitory system and depression of the nociceptive inputs at the spinal and trigeminal levels. The Sm may be the only modulative center of nociception in the ventromedial thalamus, while the VLO may be the higher center of the pathway of nociceptive modulation consisting of Sm VLO PAG. Recent studies revealed that the Sm VLO PAG pathway may be also involved in modulation of the inflammatory hyperalgesia elicited by formalin. Electrical stimulation of the Sm could depresse the tonic nociceptive responses (agitation) elicited by subcutaneous injection of formalin into rat sole. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that on cell and off cell involved in the descending inhibitory modulation of nociception also exist in the Sm, suggesting that interaction of the two types of neurons in Sm may be the neuronal mechanisms. ② It was found that acupuncture manipulation and electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation with high intensity for activation of the fine afferent fibers in "acupoints" could activate the neurons in Sm, and markedly depressed the rat TF reflex and the nociceptive responses of neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The antinociceptive effects produced by high intensity EA could be significantly attenuated by bilateral electrolytic lesions of Sm, or by microinjection of local anesthetic lidocaine into Sm. However, EA stimulation with low intensity for exciting only the large afferent fibers could not activate the Sm neurons, and the antinociceptive effects produced by such EA stimulation could not be affected by Sm or VLO lesions or application of lidocaine, but could be attenuated significantly by lidocaine application to the anterior pretectal nucleus (AptN). These facts suggest that antinociception produced by high intensity EA stimulation of "acupoints" is mediated by Sm VLO PAG system, but that produced by low intensity EA stimulation is not. This study also indicates that the acupuncture manipulation and high intensity EA are likely to act as noxious stimulation to elicit antinociception. ③ Microinjection of morp878|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：In our previous work, acupuncture induced inhibition of the nociceptive respons e to peripheral noxious stimulation at spinal level could be blocked by iontopho retic bicuculline(Bic), an antagonist for GABA A receptors, suggesting an invol vement of GABA in acupuncture induced segmental inhibition. However some report s declare that increase in GABA content in brain is not benefit to acupuncture ana lgesia. In this paper, the effects of intra cerebroventricular and intrathecal i njection (icv and ith) of Bic on acupuncture analgesia were further investigated by tail flick latency tests in rats. There were 6～8 rats in each group. Th e results were as follows: 1. After icv GABA in dose of 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg /5 μL, the pain thre shold (PT) were raised to 102%, 108%, 128%, 136%, and 157% of the basal control value respectively. It indic ates that icv GABA could produce dose dependent analgesic effect. 2. After icv Bic at the dose of 10 and 20 μg /5 μL, icv GABA (500 μg /5 μL) induced analgesic effect lowered from 136.24±1.96% to 111.8±0.98% and 111.25±0.65% separately. It means that icv GABA induced analgesic effect is significantly blocked by preinjection of Bic. 3. After electro acupuncture at bilateral "Ciliao" (BL 32) points (50 Hz, 1～2 mA) for 10 minutes, PT were raised to 142.50±2.10% without any treatment and 1 4 3.72±2.04% with pretreatment of saline. When pretreated with icv Bic at doses o f 10 and 20 μg /5 μL, acupuncture analgesic effects (PT still raised to 141.74 ±1.54% and 146.71±1.85%) showed no significant reduction. It indicates tha t GABA in brain might not be involved in acupuncture analgesia. 4. After electro acupuncture at bilateral "Ciliao"(BL 32), PT were raised to 139.56±1.21% with ith saline and to 138.96±1.43% pretreated with ith Bic 5 μg /10 μL. When pretreated with ith Bic at doses of 10 and 20 μg /10 μL, PT wer e raised to 126.55±1.73% and 114.52±1.68% respectively, indicating the signifi cant reduction of acupuncture analgesia. It means that GABA might be involved in acu puncture analgesia mediated by activation of A receptors at spinal level.896|0|3更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：In our previous work, acupuncture induced elevation of pain threshold could not be blocked by intra cerebroventricular injection of bicuculline, an antagonist f or GABA A receptors, suggesting that GABA in brain might not be involved in acup uncture analgesia, at least might not be mediated by activation of GABA A recept ors. In this paper, the effects of intra cerebroventricular and intrathecal inj e ction (icv and ith) of CGP 55845, a potent and selective antagonist against GABA B receptor, on acupuncture analgesia were further investigated by tail flick la tency tests in rats. There were 6～8 rats in each group. The results were as f ollows: 1. After icv and ith baclofen(Bac), an agonist of GABA B receptor at doses of 0. 0 25 μg /5 μL and 0.25 μg /10 μL(+5 μL saline) , pain threshold (PT) were rai sed to 125.11±1.94% and 128.63± 0.93% of the basal control value respective ly. While subcutaneous injection of Bac, 50 μg /kg was needed to produce significant analgesic effect (PT raised to 130.94±1.62%). It indicates that activation of GABA B receptor co uld produce analgesic effects mainly in the central nervous system. 2. After icv CGP 55845 at doses of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ng /5 μL, icv Bac (2.5 μg /5 μL) induced analgesic effect (PT raised to 136.24±1.96%) was blocked by 3 7.4%, 77.0% and 75.1% respectively (PT raised to 130.43±1.72%, 111.8±0.98% and 111.25±0.65%). It means that icv Bac induced analgesic effect could be signif icantly blocked by pretreatment of icv CGP 55845. 3. After electroacupuncture at bilateral "Ciliao"(BL 32) points (50 Hz, 1～2 mA) for 10 minutes, PT were raised to 142.50±2.10 % without treatment, 143.74±2.0 4% with pretreatment of saline and 142.47±1.18% with pre icv CGP 55845 at dose s of 0.5 ng/5 μL. When pretreated with icv CGP 55845 at doses of 5 and 50 ng/ 5 μL, acupuncture analgesic effects were significantly blocked by 73.7% and 71. 6% (PT raised to 111.19±1.20% and 112.09±1.12%). It indicates that GABA in brai n might be involved in acupuncture analgesia mainly mediated by activation of GA BA B receptors. 4. After electroacupuncture at bilateral "Ciliao"(BL 32) points, PT were ra ised to 138.15± 1.64% with pretreatment(ith) of saline and to 138.56±1 .21% with pretreatment(ith) of CGP 55845 5 ng/5 μL. When pretreated with ith CGP 55 845 at doses of 50 and 500 ng /5 μL, PT were raised to 119.04±1.04% and 109.08 ±1.94% respectively, indicating that acupuncture analgesia could be significant ly blocked by 52.6% and 76.7%. It means that GABA might also be involved in acup uncture analgesia mediated by activation of B receptors at spinal level.969|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To study the influence of intra cerebroventricular injection of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK 8) on the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) i n antagonizing the electrical activity of pain related neurons in caudate nucle us (Cd) and raising pain threshold.Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were used. Operations were performed under general anesthesia with 20% urethane (1.0 g/kg of body weight). The radiant heat irradiation (nociceptive stimulus) induce d rat tail flick reaction was used as the pain index. Extracellular discharges o f pain related neurons pain excitatory neurons (PEN) and pain inhibitory ne urons (PIN) in Cd and tail flick latency (TFL) before and after cerebroventri cular microinjection of CCK 8 (15 ng) were recorded. Electroacupuncture (EA) wa s applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36).Results: ① The radiant heat focused on the tail of rats caused increase of the pain evoked discharging frequency and shortening of the evoked discharging latency of PEN or reduction of the pain evoked discharging frequency and prolongation of the inhibitory du ration of the evoked discharges of PIN and generated tail flick reflex simultaneously. ② EA of bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 15 min resulted in inh ibition of the electric activity of PEN as well as potentiation of the electrica l activity of PIN and a prolongation of tail flick latency (TFL), i.e. exhibitin g the analgesic effect of EA. The effects peaked immediately after EA, the net i ncrease value (NIV) of the pain evoked discharges of 19 PENs was reduced from 1 6.17±2.30 Hz to 5.45±2.96 Hz and TFL was prolonged from 5.03±0.31 sec to 8.89 ±0.58 sec simultaneously, the inhibitory duration of the pain evoked discharge s of 12 PINs was shortened from 5.19±0.24 sec to 2.52±0.33 sec and TFL was pro longed from 4.57±0.23 sec to 8.12±0.29 sec simultaneously. These changes recov ered gradually 10 min after EA. ③ The inhibitory effect of EA on the pain evok ed discharges of PEN and the potentiated effect of EA on the electric activities of PIN, and the prolonged effect of EA on TFL were antagonized by intra cerebr oventricular injection of 15 ng CCK 8, i.e. CCK 8 could antagonize the analges ic effect of EA. About 4 min after injection of CCK 8, the effects were most ap parent. Very soon after EA, the NIV of 13 PENs was reduced from 9.36±2.10 Hz to 2.34±0.46 Hz and TFL was prolonged from 5. 38±0.18 sec to 8.60±0.49 sec simu ltaneously, the inhibitory duration of 10 PINs was shortened from 5.54±0.32 sec to 2.09±0.79 sec and TFL was prolonged from 4.92±0.17 sec to 9.44±0.21 sec s imultaneously. About 4 min after injection of CCK 8, the NIV of PENs was recov ered to 7.44± 1.38 Hz and TFL to 5.53±0.19 sec, the inhibitory duration of PINs was recovered to 6.20± 0.61 sec and TFL to 4.54±0.16 sec. About 14 min after injection of CCK 8, it gradually recovered. Conclusion: T he results demonstrate that the antagonism of CCK 8 on analgesic effect of EA s hows a coordinated and consistent action at the levels of electrical activity of central neurons and the whole behavior reaction.833|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Extensive researches of mesolimbic ventral tegmental area(VTA) in drug addiction have been conducted. Recently, some evidence showed that VTA is involved in morphine analgesia. However, no data show whether the mesolimbic DA pathways involve the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia. In this study, the effect of bilateral 6 hydroxdopmine(with desipramine)lesions of VTA on analgesi a produced by EA with different frequencies (2 Hz and 100 Hz) was examined with tail flick tests in rats. These lesions depleted dopamine. The results showed th at EA with different frequencies produced the same degree of analgesia both in s ham lesioned and lesioned rats(P>0.05) though there was some decrease of tail flick latency(TFL) in the lesioned rats,while it appeared an increase o f TFL in lesioned rats after EA and possessed the significant difference from sh am lesioned rats( P<0.05). Further study should adopt different pain m odels to explore the effect of mesolimbic DA systems in EA analgesia.907|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the effect of oxytocin (OT) of periaqueducta l grey (PAG) of the midbrain on acupuncture analgesia and its relation with endo genous opiates.Methods: Potassium iron iontophoresis method was used to induce pain, tail flicking was considered as the pain index and the pai n threshold changes were detected before and after microinjection of oxytocin(OT , 2 ng/0.5 μL for each side), anti oxytocin serum (AOTS, 1 ng/0.5 μL), naloxo ne (Nx,5 ng/0.5 μL ), anti β endorphin serum(AEPS), anti metenkephalin seru m (AMEKS) and anti dynorphin A 1～13 serum(ADYNS) into PAG of rats. Results: After bilateral microinjection of OT , the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) increased significantly in com parison with that of microinjection of same dose of normal saline and presented a dose effect relation (P<0.01). Following microinjection of AOTS , the analgesic effect of EA decreased considerably in comparison with that of normal rabbit se rum (NRS, P<0.01). After microinjection of Nx, the analgesic effec t of EA also d eclined significantly compared with that of normal saline group (P <0.01). After microinjection of Nx and then OT, the effect of EA increased obviously compared with that of Nx+EA group(P<0.01). After microinjection of AEPS or and the n OT, the effect of EA also increased significantly in comparison with that of A EPS+EA and AMEKS+EA group (P<0.01). Following microinjection of AD YNS, the analg esic effect of EA had no significant changes in comparison with NRS group. After microinjection of ADYNS and then OT, the effect of EA increased significantly i n comparison with that of ADYNS+EA group while had no apparent changes in compar ison with that of OT+EA group (P>0.05). The results showed that OT in PAG plays an important role in the EA analgesia, and its effect is independ ent of endogen ous opiate peptides.Conclusion: In the central nervous system, m ultiple analge sic systems may exist simultaneously and OT participates in EA induced analgesic process.1010|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The present study was aimed to examine changes of extracellular concentration of dopamin e and its metabolite homovanillic acid in the striatum, the periaqueductal gray matter and the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord following intraplantar injecti on of ca rrageenan. In vivo microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography wit h electrochemical detection were performed. The results showed that intraplantar injection of carrageenan significantly increased dopamine or homovanillic acid l evels in the different central regions. The present study suggested that the cen tral dopamine system (at least including ascending nigrostriatal pathway and des cending A 11 --the dorsal horn fibers) could be activated following intrap lantar injection of carrageenan, while the resultant activation probably mediate d antinociception.819|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The immediate early gene c fos is rapidly and transiently expressed in neurons in response to stimulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the effec ts of acupuncture on c fos expression of periaqueductal gray(PAG), nucleus raph e magnus (NRM)and dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) in carrageenan inflammation rats.Rats were divided into control, carrageenan inflammation and acupuncture groups. Except control group, each rat was received a unilateral injection of carrageen an (Sigma, 2 mg/100 μL per paw) into the hind paw. The results showed that the nociceptive threshold of control and inflammation rats were 13.34±2.11 sec and 1.74±0.22 sec indicating that the hyperalgesia was induced by carrageena n. The number of the labeled Fos LI neurons in PAG, NRM and DRN was significant ly increased (18.90±1.79 to 44.25±2.91, P<0.001, 2.57±0.84 to 9.60 ±1.88, P<0.05 and 15.33±1.59 to 31.39±3.55,P<0.001 ,respe ctively). Electroacupuncture (EA) unilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun"(BL 60) acupoints(2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～ 3 mA, 30 min) significantly elevated the nociceptive threshold of the carrageena n injected paws(P<0.05). At the same time, in the EA treated rats the number of labeled Fos LI neurons was significantly decreased in PAG and DRN (44 .25±2.91 to 17.86±1.63,P<0.01, 31.39±3.55 to 18.27±2.02,P< 0.05), but not in NRM(9.60±1.88 to 8.83±2.21,P>0.05). The re sults indicate that the EA supressed the carrageenan inflammation induced Fos ex pression in PAG and DRN, but not in NRM in rats.987|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Acupuncture has been applied in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) in China for over decades. Clinical practice revealed that it could relieve the suf ferings of PD patients and improve their life quality. Besides, acupuncture is a lso effective for other neurological disorders such as optic nerve atrophy, spin al cord injury and brain dysplasia. But the mechanism underlying the phenomenon is still unknow n. In the present study, we gave high and low frequency electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) transected rats in order to fi nd whether EA could attenuate the abnormal rotational behavior and dopaminergic neuron degeneration or increase the gene expression of GDNF and BDNF in the dopa minergic neurons. The main findings are: ① Transection of the MFB with a wire k nife resulted in abnormal ipsilateral rotational behavior of rats induced by amp hetamine and reduction of DA in the striatum to about 50% two weeks after the tr ansection. ② Both chronic low (2 Hz) and high (100 Hz) frequency EA stimulation were effective in attenuating the rotational behavior within 2 weeks of MFB tra nsection. The same effect could last for at least 4 weeks in the animals stimula ted with high frequency EA but not low frequency EA. ③ The content of DA in the striatum was increased significantly in the unlesioned side of both the low and high frequency EA stimulated rats. No increase had been found in the lesioned s ide. ④ High frequency EA could increase the gene expression of GDNF on the unle sioned side of substantia nigra reticular (SNr) region, and both sides of the gl obus pallidus, while low frequency EA was effective in increasing gene expressio n of GDNF in the unlesioned side of globus pallidus. ⑤ High frequency EA could attenuate the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc. The low frequency EA had no effect. ⑥ High frequency EA, but not the low frequency, could increa se the gene expression of BDNF in the SNc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) o f the lesioned side of rats after MFB transection, indicating that high frequenc y EA stimulation could be more effective than the low frequency EA in accelerati ng the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophic factors and in attenuating the degen eration of dopaminergic neurons.961|0|4更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The present study was systematically carried out to observe the effects of elect roacupuncture on neuropathic pain and to investigate the preliminary molecular m echanisms of electroacupuncture analgesia in neuropathic pain by using behaviora l and in situ hybridization methods. The results were as follows: In CCI (chronic constriction injury) rats, hyperalgesia score is used as the sig n of neuropathic pain. Pain threshold after immediate electroacupuncture(EA) and the next day after repeated electroacupuncture was observed to investigate effe ct of electroacupuncture on hyperalgesia score of neuropathic pain. It showed th at on day 7 after CCI operation, controlateral EA of "Huantiao"(GB 30) and "Y anglingquan"(GB 34) acupoints (4 and 20 Hz alternately, 2.5 sec and 5 sec respe ctively, ≤1 mA, 30 min) immediately and significantly increased hyperalge sia score in neuropathic pain rats. When EA was given (the same as the former) o n day 9,11,13,16,18,20,23,25,27 after CCI operation, hyperalgesia score was obse rved the following day. The more EA was given, the higher the hyperalgesia score became, which showed an accumulative effect. It is thus suggested that EA ca n produce immediate analgesia in neuropathic pain rats, and have ac cumulative effects. Based on these, we will continue to investigate the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in dorsal horn in neuropathic pain rats after EA treatment. Results showed that the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus was increased significantly on day 7 a fter CCI operation, and had downward trend later. On day 7 after operation, the POMC mRNA expression was enhanced immediately and markedly 8 hours after one E A treatment. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the POMC mRN A expression was continually and obviously increased. These results suggested th at the continual increase of brain POMC mRNA expression might be one of the impo rtant factors involving EA analgesia in ne uropathic pain. Results also showed that the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in ipsilateral dorsal horn was decreased significantly on day 7 after CCI operation, and recovered a littl e later on. On day 7 after CCI operation, the ppOFQ mRNA expression in ipsilater al dorsal horn was immediately and markedly enhanced 8 hours after one EA treatm ent. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the ppOFQ mRNA expr ession was continually and obviously increased to normal. These results suggeste d that the recovery of spinal ppOFQ mRNA might be another important mechanism of EA analgesia in neuropathic pain.908|0|5更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Interleukin 1β has been reported to be involved in pain modulation in central n ervous systems. As the spinal cord is a major region in which nociceptive input is processed and modulated, we examined the effect of intrathecal injection of i nterleukin 1β on the nociception in carrageenan injected rats using behavior a nd Fos study. The results showed that: ① intrathecally administered interleu kin 1β (1 ng,10 ng and 100 ng) could dose dependently increase the thermal n ociceptive threshold of carrageenan inflammed rats. Intrathecally administered interleukin 1β 10 ng could significantly increase the paw withdrawal latency , peaked at 15 min and lasted for more than 30 min. Electroacupuncture (EA) unilat eral (ipsilateral to carrageenan injection paw) "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun "(BL 60) acupoints (2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～3 mA,30 min) significantly eleva ted the nociception threshold of the carrageenan injected paws. When 10 ng inte rleukin 1β was intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the ef fect of EA analgesia was markedly potentiated. ② The number of Fos LI neurons in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was significantly increased in laminae Ⅰ ～Ⅱ and laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in carrageenan injected rats. Intrathecal administratio n of interleukin 1β could suppress the expression of Fos LI in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ , but not in laminae Ⅲ～Ⅳ or laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ. The number of Fos LI positive n eurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in EA treated rats was sign ificantly less than that of vehicle treated rats. When 10 ng interleukin 1β wa s intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the number of Fos LI positive neurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ was markedly le ss than either of those in EA treated rats or in interleukin 1β treated rats. The results suggest that interleukin 1β in spinal level could produce antinoci ceptive effect and strengthen acupuncture analgesia in inflammatory rat.854|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：In the previous work, we found that DAD 2 receptors in the spinal cord could me diat e significant anti hyperalgesic effect. But the mechanism is not clear. In the present experiments, the intrathecal injection and fluorescent in situ hybridiza tion (FISH) wi th fluorescentimmunohistochemical (FIH) double staining were used to observe the possible relationship between the anti hyperalgesic effects mediated by D 2 r eceptors and central opioid system. First, the effect of i.t. 5 mM naloxone on the anti hyperalgesia of i.t. D 2 rec eptor agonist LY171555 was examined, the results showed that naloxone produced c omplete antagonism on the anti hyperalgesia mediated by D 2 receptors in the s pinal cord, and suggested that opioid receptors may be activated when the D 2 r eceptors in the spinal cord mediated anti hyperalgesia. FISH with FIH double staining was used to look for the direct relationship betwe en D 2 receptors and the opioid system in the spinal cord. In dorsal horn, we o bserved the colocalization of D 2 mRNA and ENK neurons. The results showed that D 2 receptor mRNA and ENK IR double labeled cells were significantly increas ed at 8 hr after i.t. carrageenan. From these results, we concluded that the anti hyperalgesic effect mediat ed by D 2 receptors in the spinal cord is related to the opioid system, D 2 r eceptors may produce a direct action on ENK interneurons.826|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Orphanin FQ(OFQ, also named "nociceptin"), a new member of the opioid peptides f amily, was discovered in 1995. The relationship between OFQ and pain modulation or acupuncture analgesia was investigated in our research group. It was found t hat icv injection of OFQ could attenuate opioid analgesia and acupuncture analge sia, but OFQ in spinal cord produced significant analgesia, and had synergic eff ect with endomorphin induced analgesia. OFQ in the brain could inhibit the activ ities of opioid system, including release of the peptides and expression of the peptides and their receptors. But in the spinal cord OFQ would increase the rele ase of endomorphin. Electroacupuncture could increase the activities of OFQ syst em in the brain, which might be one of mechanisms of incomplete analgesia by acu puncture. So the effect of acupuncture analgesia would be enhanced through the i nhibition of OFQ system in the brain. In the present studies, it was also found that some OFQ like immunoreactive neurons in the brain and the spinal cord coul d express OFQ receptor (self receptor), and NC NH 2, one kind of new antagoni st of OFQ receptor, might be indicated an agonist. According to these above results, it is suggested that OFQ is a new importan t factor involving acupuncture analgesia.1048|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Orphanin FQ(OFQ) or Nociceptin is a newly discovered peptide identified as an en dogenous ligand of opioid receptor like (ORL 1) receptor. It has been observed that intracerebroventricular(icv) administration of OFQ could antagonize the im munosuppression induced by surgical trauma. The influence of icv administration O FQ on interleukin 1β(IL 1β) mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats was inves tigated . Using single base mutated template as inner standard, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) technique was used to investigate the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus in traumatic rats. The resul ts showed that the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus of rats significantly incr eased after surgical trauma compared with the normal rats (normal : 2.51± 0.62 , trauma: 11.77±2.13 ,respectively, P<0.001). Icv 1μg OFQ had no ef fects on IL 1β mRNA level in normal rats (icv NS:4.34±0.89 ,icv OFQ:3.18± 1.06,respectively, P>0.05). Icv 1 μg OFQ could significantly decre ase IL 1β mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats (trauma + icv NS: 15.16 ±3. 17 , trauma + icv OFQ: 7.07±2.50,respectively, P<0.01). When traumati c rats were given with OFQ(icv 1 μg) first and OFQ receptor antagonist Phe 1Ψ (CH 2 NH)Gly 2 nociceptin(1 13) NH 2 (1 μg) later, the level of I L 1β mRNA in the hypothalamus increased to 17.26±2.48 which had no differen ce w ith that of trauma+icv NS(P>0.05). The above results suggested that t he effect of OFQ on the immunosuppression induced by surgical trauma may be medi ated via opioid receptor like(ORL1) receptor. The inhibition of IL 1β gene exp ression in hypothalamus may be related to the modulating effect of OFQ.1049|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used to alleviate the immuno suppression o n account of its modulating function. Many investigations showed that EA could m odulate immune function through the actions of sympathetic nervous system and hy pothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. It was also indicated that EA stimulation o f "Z usanli" (ST 36) point could improve the immuno suppression induced by trauma. T he present experiment was to elucidate the central mechanism of EA on immune modul ation. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, it was o bserved that the endogenous orphanin FQ (OFQ) and its receptor opioid receptor l ike receptor (OP 4) transcripts were widely distributed in the central nervous sy stem (CNS) of normal rats, but the OFQ immuno reactive cells in hippocampus, ce r ebral cortex and hypothalamus in traumatic group were significantly decreased to 25.2±5.07, 31.1±10.50, 24.5±5.44, compared with control group (72.4±7.99, 1 15.7±19.47, 64.1±8.90) (P<0.05). After EA stimulation of "Zusanli" point the expression of OFQ was markedly increased, the OFQ immuno reactive cel ls were recovered to 60.0±5.48 in hippocampus, 111.0±11.64 in cerebral cortex, and 64.0±10.01 in hypothalamus (P<0.05). The similar changes were al so observed in OP 4 mRNA transcripts in the CNS. However, different changes occu rred in IL 1β transcripts in the CNS. The IL 1β mRNA immuno reactive cells were 15.9±3.93, 7.9± 3.07, 8.6±2.41 in control group; 38.1±6.33, 78.9±5. 13, 49.1±9.84 in traumatic group; 22.7± 3.30, 30.8±8.74, 11.6±2.80 in trauma+ EA g roup, respectively. It indicated that the IL 1β mRNA transcripts were augm ente d by trauma and inhibited by EA. The above results suggested that OFQ had a clos e correlation with IL 1β in the CNS. The neuroimmune modulation of EA may be d ependent on the sustaining precise interactions between OFQ and IL 1β.834|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The study in our laboratory showed that electroacupuncture(EA) had a prot ective action on immunosuppression in traumatic rats.The spleen lymphocyte proli feration and IL 2 activity were signficantly decreased on the 1 st ,3 rd ,5 th and 7 th day after operative trauma and reached the minimum va lues on day 3, while beta endorphin and corticosterone in plasma levels increa sed. EA treatment could significantly reverse the immunosuppression and regulat e the above index changes in plasma. Further study showed that intracerebroventricular(icv) injection of naloxone could antagonize the depressed NK cell activity induced by trauma, and EA could a lso improve immunosuppression, suggesting that the central endogenous opioid pep tides might take part in the immunosuppression and the modulation of EA. Orphani n FQ is a new member in opioid peptide family, and its role in immunosuppressio n and modulation of EA is worthy of investigation. Orphanin FQ icv attenuated immune response envoked by trauma , and when blocking the synthesis of OFQ receptor with the antisense oligo nucleotide(ASO), the effect of OFQ wa s completely abolished, suggesting that the central orphanin FQ might participat e in the modulation of the depressed immune function.However, ASO icv did not si gnificantly change the effect of EA .The study demonstrated that central OFQ and its rece ptor could be downregulated or upregulated by trauma or EA, so the mechanisms of the modulation of OFQ or EA on immunosuppression induced by surgical trauma sho uld be deeply studied. Central IL 1β plays an important role in neuroimmune regulation. The express ion of central IL 1β mRNA obviously increased after trauma. Intracerebroventri cular injection of IL 1β antibody could improve the severe immune depression i nduced by trauma. OFQ icv and EA could antagonize the increased IL 1β mRNA exp ression in trauma rats. OFQ immuno reactive cells and IL 1β mRNA were found t o coexist in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. It is suggested that the mechanisms of the improvement of EA on immunosuppressio n induced by trauma and its relationship with OFQ and IL 1β should be investigated further.844|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on pain thresh old and experimental arthritis induced cutaneous c fos expression and the influ ence of intraventricular injection of orphanin (OFQ) on EA analgesia and arthrit is induced c fos expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) SD rats. Met hods: 44 SD rats were randomly divided into A RA model + lateral ventri cular injection (LVI) of normal saline 20 μL + EA, n=8, B (model +L VI of OFQ+EA,n=8), C (normal control, n=8), D (RA model , n=10) and E (model+EA, n=10) groups. RA rat model was esta blished by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the ankle joint space. A cupoints of "Taixi" (KI 3) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) on the right hindlimb were puncture d and stimulated electrically with WQ 10C Electronic Acupoint Detection and The rapeutic Apparatus by setting the parameters of frequency 2/100 Hz, 2～4 V, wave width 0.2～0.6 ms and stimulating duration 20 min. Expression of c fos pr otein in the rat plantar region was detected with immunohistochemical method. OFQ 20 μL, 50 μg/mL was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain. Results: ① In RA rats, the pain threshold in A, B, D and E groups was lowered significantly, while after EA treatment, the pain threshold values, particularly on the 3rd, 4t h and 5th day, were increased significantly (P<0.01). There were no si gnificant differences between model+ OFQ+EA and RA model groups in the pain thre shold (P>0 .05), suggesting an antagonizing effect of OFQ on EA analgesia. ② In comparison with normal control group, the positive neurons of c fos expression in A (82.5 4±24.64) and B (174.87±38.23), D (168.42±34.75) and E (99.65±25.36) grou ps w ere increased considerably in comparison with group C (0.00±0.00), showing a st riking increase of c fos expression. The c fos positive neuron numbers in A a nd D groups were significant lower than that of B and D groups (P< 0.01), display ing that EA can significantly suppress RA induced c fos expression while this effect of EA is antagonized by intraventricular injection of OFQ.997|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Our previous work demonstrated that microinjection of OFQ into PAG antagonized e lectroacupuncture (EA) analgesia; increased the release of Glu in spinal dorsal horn and decreased the release of GABA, 5 HT and NE; and significantly facilita t ed c fibre response and post discharge of WDR neurons of spinal dorsal horn in t he rats. The aim of current study is to observe the effect of microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA on the release of monoamines and Amino acids in spinal dorsal horn in the rats, by the methods of nucleus injection, micro dia lysis and HPLC EC. The results were as follows: After microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA, extracellular concentr ation of Glu was significantly decreased, whereas extracellular concentratio ns of GABA, 5 HT and 5 HIAA, NE and MHPG were significantly increas ed (P<0.05～0.01), indicating significant differences in comparison wi t h OFQ control group (microinjection of OFQ into PAG alone) in the corresponding phases (P<0.5～0.001). The results suggest there are opposite effects on the descending pain modulating system between OFQ in the brain and EA, so this may be one of the mechanisms of OFQ in the brain antagonizing EA analgesia.954|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Nociceptin (also named Orphanin FQ), plays a very important role in spinal pain modulation. The present study was designed to explore the effect of nociceptin o n neuropathic pain in rats with chronic constrictive injury (CCI). Paw withdrawl latency (PWL) was measured by the stimulation of radiant heat on the foot pad o f rats. It was observed that 3 days after CCI, the PWL of the operated lateral w as significantly shorter than that of the contralateral, indicating the existenc e of hyperalgesia. The hyperalgesia remained for no less than 30 days. It was sh owed that significant decrease of the number of OFQ LI neurons in the dorsal ho rn of spinal cord (L 4～6 ) 4 or 7 days after CCI. The changes of expression of prepronociceptin mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn after t he thermal hyperalgesia were also investigated. The integral optical density (I OD) and mean optical den sity (OD) of the stained spinal cord sections were measured using the image proc essing following in situ hybridizationon (DIG oligonucleotide tailing test). It was showed that the values of IOD and OD in the spinal dorsal horn in constri ction injury treatment groups were increased significantly (from day 7 after CCI to day 14). The above results suggested that the OFQ in the spinal dorsal horn may be involved in neurophathic pain.935|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Our previous studies have shown that analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA ) of different frequencies is mediated by different kinds of Opioid peptides. Th us, low frequency (2 Hz) EA increases the release of enkepahlins (ENK) and beta endorphin (END) in the central nervous system, whereas high frequency EA (100 Hz) increases the release of dynorphin (DYN) in the spinal cord. In recent years , ne w experiments have yielded new data that further substantiate the hypothesis put forward several years ago. 1. How to accelerate the release of endomorphin (EM) in the central nervous syst em EM is an endogenously produced morphine like peptide composed of 4 amino aci ds, showing a high specificity to mu Opioid receptor. Han et al (1999) have show n that intrathecal injection of anti EM antibody to the rat spinal cord blocked 2 Hz but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia. Likewise, intracerebroventricular (IC V) injection of anti EM antibody or the mu receptor blocker CTOP attenuated 2 H z but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia (Huang et al, 2000). The results suggest tha t 2 Hz EA accelerated the release of EM in brain and spinal cord to interact wit h mu Opioid receptor to produce analgesic effect. High frequency EA was not effec tive. 2. How to activate both neural pathways mediating both low and high frequency EA effect Pharmacological studies have shown that intrathecal injection of both enkepah lin and dynorphin produces a synergistic analgesic effect. It would naturally l ead to the supposition that EA analgesia may be potentiated if one could activat e both pathways simultaneously. Two paradigms could be used. Paradigm A is to us e low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) alternatively, each lasting for a c ertain period (already optimized to be 3 sec). Paradigm B is to use LF in one li mb and HF in another limb. Pharmacological studies were used to analyze the recept or mechanisms; neurochemical detection and antibody microinjection technique wer e used to identify the neuropeptides responsible for producing the analgesic eff ect. All three lines of evidence pointed to the conclusion that it was the parad igm A which produced the maximal (synergistic) effect, whereas paradigm B produc ed an effect almost identical to that of 100 Hz EA. The results suggested that in the later case, the signal of 2 Hz was immersed into and masked by that of 100 H z, and could not stand out as an independent component of LF EA (to be published ). 3. Effect of EA on neuropathic pain Neuropathic pain model was constructed by L 5/L 6 nerve ligation in the rat . Mecha nical allodynia was shown by the 50% withdrawal threshold, whereas cold induced ongoing pain was detected by the number of paw lifts from the 5 ℃ cold plate i n 5 min. While EA of both frequencies could reduce mechanical allodynia, the effec t of 2 Hz was much stronger, with a shorter latency and longer duration as compa red to that of 100 Hz stimulation. In terms of relieving the cold induced ongoi n g pain (hyperalgesia), the effect of 2 Hz was also significantly stronger and lo nger lasting (up to 48 hr for one treatment) as compared to 2～4 hr in 100 Hz st imulation (Sun et al, to be published). 4. EA treatment for morphine withdrawal syndrome and for craving For the treatment of withdrawal syndrome, including tachycardia, weight loss and wet dog shakes in the rat, 100 Hz EA was better than 2 Hz EA. This was true not only in the rat experiment but also in the humans. High rate of relapse characterized the outcome of drug abusers after the success ful detoxification, and craving may constitute the main cause of relapse. In ord er to study the mechanisms of Opioid craving, an animal model is indispensable. A conditioned place preference (CPP) model was constructed in this laboratory, a nd stress or drug priming was used for the reinstatement of the extinguished CPP . In this model, it was only 2 Hz or 2/100 Hz, but not pure 100 Hz peripheral stimulation, that was effective to suppress the CPP. Thus, a sharp contrast can be made be1977|0|52更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Chronic pain, especially the chronic neuropathic pain syndrome characterized by long duration, slow recovery and difficulty to control in clinic practice makes it more serious physically and psychologically. Nowadays, the field of chro nic neuropathic pain has been grasping more and more attention. The present stud y aims at investigating the optimal interval parameter of the electroacupunctur e (EA) treatment. L 5/L 6 nerve ligation model was used to assess the effect o f EA on neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by 50% paw withdrawal t hreshold and cold induced ongoing pain was detected by the number of paw lifts within 5 minutes when free rat was put on to 5±1 ℃ cold plate. Han's Acupoint Nerve Stimulator (HANS) was connected to needles inserted into acupo ints "Jiaji"(EX B 2/L 5) and "Weizhong" (BL 40) on both sides. Other parame ters were: intensity of 0.5～ 1 mA, 1～2 mA , ten minutes each; frequency of 2 H z; and 0.6 ms in pulse width. Different interval parameter was Q 1 day (one tr eatment/day), Q 2 day, Q 3 day and Q 4 day. Results: Optimal interval pla ys a critical r ole for the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. The interval of Q 1 day ha s a declining analgesic effect or even not any effect. The other 3 groups have accumulative effect and long lasting analgesic effect (24 hours for mechanical allodynia and 1 week for cold induced ongoing pain). Compared with the control, there is a significant difference (P<0.01 or 0.001). Among these 4 in tervals, Q 3 day group is the best. Longer lasting analgesic effect following this interval choice (48 hours for mechanical allodynia and 10 days for cold i nduced ongoing pain). Amongst the 4 interval parameters, Q 3 day group has don e better effect than the others(P<0.01 or 0.001). The results indicate that one EA treatment every 3 days is the optimal interval. And it may have som ething to do with the clinical practice.924|0|7更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Pain and hyperalgesia occured when L 5 and L 6 spinal nerves were ligated. To ev aluate the electrophysiological changes that contribute to this sensory patholog y, whole cell current clamp recording was performed in DRGs that was obtained from neuropathic pain and control rats. After nerve ligation, action potential threshold reduced (more negative) in b oth small and median sized DRG neurons (-18.98±0.69 mV vs -11.12±1.06 mV in c ontrol small sized neurons; -19.44 ±2.22 mV vs -14.55±1.81 mV in control m edi an sized neurons), but resting membrane potential action potential duration at half amplitude (APD 1/2 ) and action potential amplitude did not change sign ifica ntly. In addition, obvious membrane potential oscillations were observed in smal l sized DRG neurons from neuropathic pain rats (P<0.05 compared with control group). These results suggested that neuropathic pain increased the exci tability of nociceptors, which may be an important mechanism underlying peripher al hypersensitivity.754|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The electrophysiological characters of hyerpolarization activated current (Ih) and its distribution in the cell bodies of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron s with different diameters were studied by whole cell voltage and current cla mp methods. DRG neurons were classified into three group: small (diameter<30 μm ), median (30 μm ≤ d ≤ 40 μm ) and large (>40 μm) types. Ih was found as a slowly activating inward current evoked by hyperpolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential of -60 mV, and reversed at -32.34±2.56 mV(n=4). Ih could be specifically blocked by 2.0 mM Cs 2+ but not 1.0 mM Ba 2+ , furthermore, 100 μM cAMP applied into pipette solution could shift the activa tion curve to positive di rection (-91.4 mV vs -100.6 mV in control). Ih was observed in 11 of 49 small, 17 of 22 median and 7 of 7 large diameter DRG neurons tested. The Density of Ih current in median and large cells was significantly higher than those in small o nes (11.88±1.59 pA/pF, 5.05±0.39 pA/pF and 2.59±0.20 pA/pF, respectively). Ac tion potential at half amplitude (APD 1/2 ) varied in different types of DR G neurons. It was shown that large diameter cells had the shortest APD 1/2 than the other two types. These data suggested that Ih was mainly distributed in large and median diameter DRG neurons. Because some of Ih expressed neurons a re nociceptors, so it suggests that Ih may play a role in chronic pain.832|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：The effect of low and high freqency electroacupuncture (EA) on the cocaine cravi ng was evaluated based on conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Drug ind uced CPP in animals has been considered as a model of drug craving. In the prese nt experiments, rats were trained with an injection (i.p.) of different doses of cocaine under a "biased" CPP schedule and preference scores (PSs) were recorde d on the test session and used as the indicator of preference. 2 and 100 Hz of E A were given respectively before testing, with treatment of foot shock, needle i nsertion, restriction in the holder and no treatment being as the different kind s of control. The timecourse of the effect of EA on 5 mg/kg cocaine induced CPP was also observed. The results showed: ① The PSs after saline (0.27±0.08,n=12) and 0.5 mg/kg of cocaine (0 .26±0.10, n=12) conditioning had no difference from that of natural preference (0.38±0.12, n=12) (P>0.05), while the PSs of 1 ( 0.65±0.12, n=12), 5 (0.70± 0.09, n=12) and 10 mg/kg (0. 71± 0.09, n=12) of cocaine conditioning were significantly higher than tha t of natural preference (P<0.001), indicating that the 1 mg/kg and hig her doses of cocaine can induce significant place preference, which represents c ocaine craving. ② The PSs of 0.5 mg/kg of cocaine conditioning were similar wit h each other (P>0.05, compared with initial expression of CPP) when tes ting daily for at least 10 consecutive days, indicating that the cocaine craving is maintained for a long time once acquired. ③ 100 Hz EA significantly decreas ed the PSs of cocaine conditioning (P<0.05, compared with control grou p), while the treatment of 2 Hz of EA and all other kinds of control we used did n't (P>0.05). ④ 100 Hz EA inhibited cocaine induced CPP when tested 10, 24 and 48 hours after stimulation. The results of the present study suggest that EA inhibits the cocaine craving in a frequency specific way and the effect of one treatment of EA maintains at least 48 hours.914|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：High rate of relapse to drug using behavior after long period of abstinence cha racterizes the behavior of experienced users of heroin and other drugs of abuse, and the relapse remains the primary problem for treatment. In the present study we built a putative animal model that mimic human relapse i.e., the reinstatement o f morph ine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. In this study, we found electroacupuncture (EA) with low frequency (2 and 2/100 Hz) could inhibit drug priming or footshock induced CPP reinstatement in rats whe n it was given 18 hours before reinstatement, and these effects were found to be naloxone reversible, suggesting a mechanism involving the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands; while EA with high frequency (100 Hz) h ad no effect. Pr evious studies in our lab have amply shown that low frequency (2 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of enkephalin which acts on μ and δ opioid recepto rs up the spinal level, while high frequency (100 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of dynorphin which interacts with κ opioid receptor at spinal leve l. So we concluded the effect of EA with low frequency on relapse involving a me chanism of the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands above the spinal level. And we suggest that EA may be used as a putative measure for the prevention of relapse to drug use in humans.895|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Trauma stress is a well known entity and may be defined as a threat to the immune function. The effect of melatonin(MT) and electroacupuncture(EA) treatme nt on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK) cells, the proliferative resp onse of spleen lymphocytes to ConA and the dynamic changes of the induction of i nterleukin 2(IL 2) in traumatic rats were evaluated in this study.The results showed that 5 mg/kg (ip)melatonin was able to recover the lowered NK c ell activity in trauma rats 24 hours after operation (P<0.05).Al so lymphoc yte proliferation and the induction of IL 2 production were reversed by MT trea tment (P<0.05,P<0.05).EA stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST 36) a nd "Lanwei"(Extra 37) points also obviously improved the immunosuppression pro duced by trauma. MT combined wit h EA could further modulate the depressed immune function(P<0.01), whi ch was significantly superior to melatonin or EA alone (P<0.05, P<0.05). These results indicate that MT and/or EA can recover NK cel l activity,lymphocyte proliferative capacity and the induction of IL 2 producti on,but the mechanism deserves further investigation.824|0|0更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：Electrical stimulation of afferent fibers of the tibial nerve in anaesthetiz ed rats evokes somato sympathetic reflexes which are recorded from efferent sym p athetic fibers such as branches of the inferior cardiac nerve or the renal nerve . The reflex sympathetic response consists of two components: A reflex, whi c h has a short latency (41±2 ms) and is elicited by stimulation of afferent myel inated fibers, and C reflex, which has a long latency (210±13 ms) and is a t tributed to unmyelinated afferent fibers. Generally speaking, the A and C ref lexes represent different somatic sensory inputs. Studies demonstrated that in anesthetized rats, the somato sympathetic A and C reflexes could be, respectively, modulated not only by several chemical agen ts involving neurotic transmission such as glutamate and nitric oxide, but al s o by sensory inputs from chemoreceptor or baroreceptor. Glutamate augmented, whi le nitric oxide inhibited the somato sympathetic A and C reflexes. Activatio n o f chemoreceptor augmented, while activation of baroreceptor inhibited the somato sympathetic A and C reflexes. In another study, an acupuncture needle (diam ete r 0.34 mm) was inserted into the hind limbs of the rat, dorsolaterally around th e area of acupoint: Huantiao (GB 30), at a depth of 4～5 mm and was twisted righ t and left ward twice every second during recording the somato sympathetic r efle xes. The study found that acupuncture inhibited both somato sympathetic A and C reflexes. These results suggest that the somato sympathetic reflexes may be an experimental model for study on acupuncture mechanism, because acupuncture, as a kind o f sensory input to the central nervous system, may has similar reflex pathways w hen it plays a therapeutic role in some target tissues and organs.734|0|2更新时间：2023-08-11
- 摘要：目的 :动物电针镇痛研究大都需要将动物制动和扎针 ,人们难以确定所观察到的镇痛作用中有无制动和扎针带来的应激性镇痛。本实验在观察到 2Hz电针对套筒制动的Swiss Webster小鼠具有镇痛作用的基础上 ,试图分析小鼠电针镇痛实验中套筒制动和扎针对镇痛的贡献。方法 :纸板 /布兜制动的动物作为对照组 (n =8) ,此法对动物的制动作用短暂而轻微。塑料套筒制动的实验组动物根据扎入针灸针有否又分为不扎针 (n =8)和扎针 (n =8)两组。以 48℃热水甩尾潜伏期 (TWL)作为测痛指标。结果 :塑料套筒制动的实验组小鼠 ,无论是不扎针还是扎针 ,其TWL均较纸板 /布兜制动组延长。结论 :电针实验中观察到的镇痛 ,除了来源于电流刺激外 ,制动及扎针引起的痛阈升高也可能是重要因素Objective: In almost all researches about electroacupuncture (EA) analgesi a on animals, restraint and needle insertion is necessary. It is difficult to te ll whether the restraint and needle in the EA experiment insertion can result in stress induced analgesia. On the basis that 2 Hz EA could induce analgesia in Swiss Webster mice, the present paper aims to investigate the contributions of cylindrical restraint and needle insertion to the analgesia obtained from electr oacupuncture in mice.Methods: The animals restrained with a transient , gentle cardboard/clothing holder served as the control group(n=8), t he animals rest rained with the cylindrical holder were divided into two treatment groups accord ing to whether there were inserted needles in the acupoints (ST 36 and SP 6). Th e pain thresholds were assessed with tail withdrawal latencies (TWL) in 48 ℃ ho t water.Results: The TWLs in animals restrained with cylindrical holder, with or without needle insertion (4.0±0.1 sec and 4.5±0.1 sec from the 30 th to 90 th min, n=56), were much higher than those in a nimals res trained with cardboard/cloth holder (3.2±0.1 sec, n=112).Con clusion: WT the analgesia obtained in the EA experiments results from not only the elec trical stimulation, bu t also the increased pain threshold induced by holder immobilization and needle insertion.关键词：电针;针刺镇痛;制动;应激1076|0|1更新时间：2023-08-11
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