最新刊期
卷 51 ， 期 5 ， 2026
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） at “Zusanli” （ST36） on blood glucose in acute hyperglycemia （AH）， low-risk prediabetes （LRP） and high-risk prediabetes （HRP） mice， and to explore its underlying mechanisms in regulating the function of pancreatic β - cells in LRP.MethodsThis study included 3 （AH， LRP and HRP） experiments. In each part of the experiments， C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal， model and EA groups， with 6 mice in each group in AH and HRP experiments， and 18 mice in LRP experiment. The AH model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2 g/kg glucose solution. After injection， EA （1 mA， 10 Hz） was applied to bilateral “Zusanli” （ST36） for 20 min. The LRP model was established by feeding the mice with high-fat diet for 1 week. From the 4th day when the impaired glucose tolerance criteria of prediabetes were reached， EA was applied to bilateral ST36， with the parameters being the same as above， once a day for a total of 4 times. In the HRP experiment， the animal model was established by feeding the mice with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Four weeks after beginning of the modeling， EA intervention （1 mA， 10 Hz） was performed at ST36 for 20 min， 3 times a week for a total of 12 times. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured using a glucose meter， and serum glycated hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， insulin， and glucagon levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Changes of the pancreatic morphology were examined by HE staining. The expression levels of activating transcription factor 6 （ATF6）， endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 （ERN1）， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 （EIF2AK3）， p21 （a cell cycle factor in cellular senescence）， muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 （M2-AchR） and M3-AchR in the pancreatic β-cells were detected using Western blot， and the expression levels of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 （PDX-1）， beta-cell-specific transcription factor （MAFA） and forkhead box O1 （FOXO1） mRNAs in the pancreatic β-cells detected using quantitative real-time PCR. The insulin+/P21+ co-positive cells， and the number of ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the pancreatic ganglia and CTB647/ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus （DMV） innervating the pancreas were determined using fluorescent immunohistochemistry.Results1） In the AH experiment， compared to the normal group， the blood glucose level in the model group was significantly increased 15 min after modeling （P<0.001）， without pathological damage in the pancreas， and the serum insulin level was significantly increased after modeling （P<0.05）. In comparison with the model group， the blood glucose levels at 30 and 60 min were significantly reduced （all P<0.01）， while the serum insulin content was considerably increased （P<0.05） in the EA group， suggesting that EA lowered blood glucose by increasing stress-induced insulin level. 2） In the LRP experiment， compared to the normal group， the blood glucose levels from the 3rd day to the 7th day， and the glucose tolerance from 15 to 120 min were significantly elevated in the model group （P<0.001， P<0.05， P<0.01）. No significant changes were found in the serum HbA1c， serum insulin and glucagon levels and in the morphological result of the pancreas tissue in the model group. In comparison with the model group， the blood glucose levels on day 4， 6 and 7， the glucose tolerance at 15， 30， 60 and 120 min were strikingly decreased （P<0.001， P<0.01， P<0.05）， while the serum insulin content was notably increased （P<0.05） in the EA group. No significant changes were found in the serum HbA1c and glucagon levels after EA intervention. 3） In the HRP experiment， compared to the normal group， the blood glucose levels from 1 to 8 weeks， the glucose tolerance levels at 15， 30， 60 and 120 min， HbA1c and insulin levels were significantly increased （P<0.001， P<0.05， P<0.01）， whereas the serum glucagon level was notably decreased （P<0.05） in the model group， accompanied with an increase of the pancreatic islet volume. Following EA intervention， the blood glucose at the 5th and 6th week， insulin and glucagon levels were considerably down-regulated in the EA group （P<0.01， P<0.05）， accompanied with a slight decrease of the pancreatic islet volume. 4） In LRP mice， in comparison with the normal group， the expression levels of M2-AchR and M3-AchR protein were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the expression levels of ATF6， ERN1， EIF2AK3， P21 and the number of insulin+/P21+ positive cells in the pancreas tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01， P<0.05） in the model group. In contrast to the model group， the EA group had an obvious increase in the number of CTB647/ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the DMV and ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the pancreatic ganglia， and the expression of M2-AchR and M3-AchR protein （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and a notable down-regulation in the expression levels of ATF6， ERN1， EIF2AK3 and P21 proteins and in the number of pancreatic insulin+/P21+ positive cells （P<0.01， P<0.05）. No significant changes were found in the number of CTB647/ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the DMV and ChAT+/c-fos+ co-labeled neurons in the pancreatic ganglia in the model group， and in the mRNA expression levels of pancreatic PDX1， MAFA and FOXO1 in both model and EA groups.ConclusionEA at ST36 can promote the restoration of blood glucose balance in the AH， LRP and HRP stages in mice， with the most effective phase being the LRP. The underlying mechanism may be related to its functions in activating vagus nerve to inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cells.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Zusanli （ST36）;Prediabetes;Vagus nerve;Endoplasmic reticulum stress206|144|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis function and the expression of key enzymes for testosterone synthesis in high-fat diet-induced obese male rats， so as to explore its mechanism in improving obesity-related reproductive dysfunction.MethodsThirty-two 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control， model， EA and non-acupoint EA groups （n=8 in each group）. The obesity model was established through high-fat diet feeding for 8 weeks. EA was applied to “Zusanli” （ST36）， “Shenshu” （BL23）， and “Sanyinjiao” （SP6） for 30 min， 5 d a week for 4 weeks. The body weight， body mass index （BMI） and Lee’s index of rats were detected. The levels of serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， testosterone， estradiol （E2） and lipid metabolism indexes were detected by ELISA and enzymic method. The epididymal sperm concentration and motility were assessed， and the sperm deformity rate was calculated. The morphological changes of testis were observed by HE staining. The protein and mRNA expression of steroid-regulated acute protein （StAR）， cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme （P450scc）， 17α-hydroxylase/17，20-lyase （CYP17A）， 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （3β-HSD） and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （17β-HSD） were detected by Western blot and PCR， respectively.ResultsCompared with the control group， the body weight， BMI， Lee’s index， the levels of serum TC， TG， LDL-C， OxLDL and E2， the deformity rate were significantly increased （P<0.05） in the model group， while the levels of HDL-C， GnRH， testosterone， FSH and LH， the sperm concentration and motility， the protein and mRNA expression of key enzymes in testosterone synthesis were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model and the non-acupoint EA groups， the indexes mentioned above were significantly improved in the EA group （P<0.05）. Except for increased StAR protein expression， no significant differences were found in other indicators between the non-acupoint EA group and the model group.ConclusionEA can effectively improve reproductive dysfunction in obese male rats. The mechanism may be related to restoring the functional balance of the HPG axis， up-regulating the expressions of key testosterone synthesis enzymes， and promoting testosterone production.关键词：Electroacupuncture;Obesity;Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis;Testosterone synthesis;Reproductive function132|117|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on gastric mucosal injury and necroptosis receptor-interacting protein kinase （RIPK）1/RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like （MLKL） signaling pathway in rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer， so as to explore its possible mechanism underlying improvement of gastric precancerous lesions （GPL）.MethodsA total of 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control， model， EA， and sham EA groups， with 8 rats in each group. The GPL model was established by free drinking of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine solution combined with intermittent fasting for 20 weeks. Starting from the 13th week of modeling， EA （2 Hz/15 Hz， 0.3—0.5 mA） was applied to bilateral “Zusanli” （ST36） and “Zhongwan” （CV12） for rats of the EA group， and applied to non-acupoints （5 mm away to ST36 and CV12） for rats of the sham EA group. The treatment was conducted for 20 min， once a day， 5 times a week for 8 weeks. During the experiment， the general conditions and body weight changes were recorded. Histopathological changes of the gastric tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （H.E.） staining and alcian blue-periodic acid schiff （AB-PAS） staining， separately. The ELISA was used to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin 1 beta （IL-1β） and transforming growth factor beta 1 （TGF-β1） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the levels of caudal type homeobox transcription factor （CDX） 2 in the gastric tissue. The mRNA expression levels of Ki67， alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase （AMACR）， sex determining region Y box protein 2 （SOX2）， CDX1， RIPK1， RIPK3， MLKL， Caspase-8， Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 in the gastric tissues were detected by using real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of CDX2， AMACR， phospho-RIPK1 （p-RIPK1）， RIPK1， phospho-RIPK3 （p-RIPK3）， RIPK3， phospho-MLKL （p-MLKL）， MLKL， Caspase-8， and Caspase-3 in the gastric tissues were detected by using Western blot.ResultsIn contrast to the blank control group， the model group had a significant decrease in the body weight gain rate， average daily food intake， expression levels of SOX2 mRNA， and Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 mRNAs and proteins in the gastric tissues （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and a considerable increase in the contents of serum TNF-α， IL-1β， TGF-β1， and positive expression of CDX2， expression levels of Ki67， AMACR， CDX1， RIPK1， RIPK3 and MLKL mRNAs， and p-RIPK1/RIPK1， p-RIPK3/RIPK3 and p-MLKL/MLKL ratios in the gastric tissues （P<0.01， P<0.05）. The gastric mucosal glands were deeper in the opening， and had an apparent atrophy with intestinal metaplasia of the gastric epithelium. Compared with the model group， the rats in the EA group （not the sham EA group） showed improved mental state， and increased body weight gain rate and average daily food intake （P<0.01， P<0.05）. The pathological conditions of gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were improved. In addition， modeling- induced increases of the contents of serum TNF-α， IL-1β， TGF-β1， and positive expression of CDX2， expression levels of Ki67， AMACR， CDX1， RIPK1， RIPK3 and MLKL mRNAs， and p-RIPK1/RIPK1， p-RIPK3/RIPK3 and p-MLKL/MLKL ratios， and as well as the decreases of the expression levels of SOX2 mRNA， and Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 mRNAs and proteins were all reversed by EA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， not by sham EA. H.E. staining showed that the glandular arrangement in the gastric mucosa of the rats in the sham EA group remained disordered， and the pathological histological recovery was poor.ConclusionEA can improve the degree of gastric mucosal lesions in GPL rats， which may be related to its functions in reducing the inflammatory response of the gastric mucosa and inhibiting the necroptosis RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway of the gastric mucosa.关键词：Gastric precancerous lesions;Electroacupuncture;Necroptosis;RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway85|30|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the impact of “Wenyang Tongmai” （warming yang and unblocking vessels） moxibustion on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR ） signaling pathway and endothelial function-related factors in ApoE-/- mice with atherosclerosis （AS）， so as to explore its potential mechanism underlying prevention and treatment of AS.MethodsThirty male ApoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to three groups： model， moxibustion， and moxibustion plus PI3K agonist （moxibustion + agonist） groups， with 10 mice in each group. The AS model was established by feeding the mice with high-fat diet for 12 weeks. An additional 10 male C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group， and fed with a standard diet for 12 weeks. The interventions began on the first day of modeling. Mice of the control and model groups were only restrained for fixation. Moxibustion was applied to “Danzhong”（CV17）， “Shenque”（CV8）， bilateral “Neiguan” （PC6） and “Xuehai”（SP10） acupoints for 30 min per session. Mice of the moxibustion + agonist group received intraperitoneal injection of PI3K agonist 740Y-P （5 μmol·kg-1·d-1） 30 min before each moxibustion. The intervention was conducted 5 days per week for 12 consecutive weeks. General conditions and body weight of the mice were recorded. Biochemical analysis was performed to measure serum triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） contents. Histopathological changes in the thoracic aorta were observed via H.E. staining. The contents of serum nitric oxide （NO） and endothelin-1 （ET-1） were detected using ELISA. The reactive oxygen species （ROS） content in the aorta was detected by flow cytometry. The Western blot and qPCR were employed to analyze the expression of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， and eNOS proteins and mRNAs in the aortic tissue， respectively.ResultsCompared to the control group， the model group showed a significant increase in the body weight at week 8 and 12 after modeling （P<0.05）， serum TC， TG， and LDL-C and ET-1 contents， and aorta ROS content， expression level of mTOR mRNA， and p-PI3K/PI3K and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios in the aorta tissue （P<0.01）， and a significant decrease in the serum HDL-C and NO contents， expression levels of eNOS mRNA and protein， and p-Akt/Akt ratio in the aorta （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the moxibustion intervention obviously lowered the body weight at week 8 and 12， contents of serum TC， TG， LDL-C， ET-1 and aorta ROS， expression level of mTOR mRNA， and p-PI3K/PI3K and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and evidently elevated serum NO content， expressions of eNOS mRNA and protein， and p-Akt/Akt ratio （P<0.01）. Compared to the moxibustion group， the moxibustion+agonist group exhibited an evident elevation in the serum TC， TG， and LDL-C contents （P<0.01， P<0.05）， ET-1， ROS contents and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-mTOR/mTOR （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and a striking down-regulation in the content of NO， expressions of eNOS mRNA and protein， and p-Akt/Akt ratio （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Histopathological examination revealed uneven aortic inner walls， intimal thickening， and plaque proliferation in the model group， while minor intimal cell detachment in the aortic arch and no obvious lesions in the moxibustion group， and a small amount of “plaque” and hyperplasia in the aortic arch， and an occasional endothelial cell sloughing of the intima in the moxibustion+angonist group.Conclusion“Wenyang Tongmai” moxibustion can reduce body weight， alleviate dyslipidemia and mitigate AS symptoms in ApoE-/- mice， which may be associated with its functions in inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， reducing oxidative stress and protecting the endothelial function.关键词：“Wenyang Tongmai” moxibustion;Atherosclerosis;PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway;Reactive oxygen species;Endothelial function;Oxidative stress175|141|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effects of moxibustion at “Shenshu” （BL23） and “Zusanli” （ST36） on the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3/galectin-9 （Tim-3/Gal-9） signaling pathway and macrophage polarization in rats with rheumatoid arthritis （RA）， so as to explore the mechanism by which moxibustion ameliorates synovial inflammation in RA.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into the blank control， model， moxibustion， and Tim-3 knockdown （Tim-3 KD） group， with 8 rats in each group. The RA model was established by subcutaneous injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant （FCA） into the plantar region. The Tim-3 KD group received a single multi-point subcutaneous injection of Tim-3 lentivirus into the plantar region. Both the moxibustion group and Tim-3 KD group were treated with grain-sized moxibustion at BL23 and ST36， 5 cones per acupoint， once daily， with 6 treatments as one course and 1 day of rest after each course， totaling 3 courses. The thickness of bilateral plantar regions was measured on days 1， 7， 14， 21， 28， and 35 of the experiment. HE staining was used to observe joint pathological changes and pathological scores were evaluated. ELISA was employed to detect the serum contents of interleukin （IL）-4 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expression of Tim-3， Gal-9， and macrophage polarization-related molecules （CD86， CD206） in synovial tissue.ResultsCompared with the blank control group， the model group showed increased thickness of bilateral plantar regions （P<0.01）， narrowed joint space， proliferation of synovial and fibrous tissues， elevated scores of synovial hyperplasia， fibrous tissue proliferation， and inflammatory cell infiltration （P<0.01）， decreased serum IL-4 content （P<0.05）， increased serum VEGF content （P<0.01）， up-regulated expression of Tim-3， Gal-9， and CD86 （P<0.01， P<0.05） and down-regulated expression of CD206 （P<0.01） in synovial tissue. Compared with the model group， the moxibustion group exhibited reduced thickness of bilateral plantar regions （P<0.01）， alleviated joint space narrowing， decreased proliferation of synovial and fibrous tissues， lowered scores of synovial hyperplasia， fibrous tissue proliferation， and inflammatory cell infiltration （P<0.01）， increased serum IL-4 content （P<0.05）， decreased serum VEGF content （P<0.01）， up-regulated expression of Tim-3， Gal-9， and CD206 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of CD86 （P<0.05） in synovial tissue. Compared with the moxibustion group， the Tim-3 KD group showed narrowed joint space， increased score of synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration （P<0.05）， decreased serum IL-4 content， and down-regulated expression of Tim-3， Gal-9， and CD206 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， along with up-regulated CD86 expression （P<0.05） in synovial tissue.ConclusionMoxibustion can ameliorate synovial inflammation in RA rats， and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of the Tim-3/Gal-9 signaling pathway， inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization， and promoting M2 macrophage polarization.关键词：Rheumatoid arthritis;Moxibustion;Tim-3/Gal-9 signaling pathway;Macrophage polarization;Synovium;Inflammatory reaction92|219|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo identify the optimal temperature and infrared radiation wavelength parameters of moxibustion simulator intervention at “Neixiyan” （EX-LE4） and “Waixiyan” （ST35） acupoints for ameliorating knee osteoarthritis （KOA） in rats.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned to a normal group， a model group， EX-LE4 or ST35 mild moxibustion groups， and EX-LE4 or ST35 moxibustion simulator groups with different wavelengths， with 6 rats in each group. The KOA model was established by intra-articular injection of a mixed solution of L-cysteine and papain into the left knee joint cavity. An infrared radiation measurement device was used to collect the characteristic infrared radiation wavelengths of EX-LE4 and ST35 acupoints. The mild moxibustion group received mild moxibustion intervention at EX-LE4 and ST35 acupoints separately with a moxa stick at 43 ℃， while the moxibustion simulator groups were treated with photothermal simulated stimulation with a fixed temperature of 43 ℃ combined with different wavelengths （1 652， 3 340， and 7 500 nm）. The spatial， temporal and dynamic parameters of rat gait were analyzed. ELISA was performed to quantitatively determine the serum content of interleukin-10 （IL-10）， an anti-inflammatory cytokine. HE staining and Masson staining were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response and collagenization degree of synovial tissue of the knee joints.ResultsThe characteristic infrared radiation wavelength of the acupoints was approximately 3 340 nm in rats under the pathological state of KOA. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed significant alterations in gait spatial， temporal and dynamic parameters （P<0.001）， a marked decrease in serum IL-10 level （P<0.05）， as well as significant elevations in synovial Krenn score and collagen area percentage （P<0.000 1）. In comparison with the model group， the mild moxibustion group and moxibustion simulator groups at both EX-LE4 and ST35 acupoints exhibited varying degrees of improvement in gait spatial parameters （P<0.001， P<0.01， P<0.05） and dynamic parameters （P<0.001， P<0.01）. The mild moxibustion group， 1 652 nm moxibustion simulator group and 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group at both acupoints also achieved improvements in gait temporal parameters （P<0.01， P<0.05， P<0.001）， with the mild moxibustion group and 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group showing superior ameliorative effects compared with the moxibustion simulator groups with other parameters （P<0.01， P<0.001， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the EX-LE4 mild moxibustion group， EX-LE4 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group and ST35 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group presented a significant increase in serum IL-10 contents （P<0.05， P<0.000 1， P<0.001）. Moreover， the serum IL-10 contents in the EX-LE4 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group was significantly higher than those in the moxibustion simulator groups with other parameters （P<0.000 1， P<0.01）. In contrast to the model group， the mild moxibustion groups and 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator groups at both acupoints displayed significant reductions in synovial Krenn score and collagen area percentage （P<0.01， P<0.000 1， P<0.05， P<0.001）， with the 3 340 nm moxibustion simulator group yielding the best therapeutic outcome （P<0.05）.ConclusionMoxibustion intervention with the parameter combination of 43 ℃ and 3 340 nm at EX-LE4 and ST35 acupoints can significantly improve gait function and suppress inflammatory response in KOA rats， with consistent optimal parameter combinations for both acupoints. The synergistic effect may be attributed to the acupoint-moxibustion infrared radiation resonance effect formed between the specific wavelength infrared radiation generated by moxibustion and the spontaneous infrared radiation emitted by the acupoints of rats under KOA pathological conditions.关键词：Moxibustion simulator intervention;Knee osteoarthritis;Moxibustion temperature;Infrared radiation wavelength;Resonance effect65|88|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on learning-memory ability， hippocampal myelin and RAS-associated C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 （Rac1）/ P21-activated kinase 1 （PAK1）/ LIM kinase 1 （LIMK1）/ cofilin signaling pathway in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice， so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of Alzheimer’s disease （AD） from the perspective of the cytoskeleton.MethodsMale SAMP8 （AD） mice were randomly divided into model group and EA group， with 9 mice in each group， and 9 male SAMR1 mice of the same age were used as the control group. The mice in the EA group received EA at “Dazhui” （GV14） and “Shenshu” （BL23） and punctured at “Baihui” （GV20） for 20 min， once per day， for 24 d， rest for 2 d after every 8 d of treatment. The Morris water maze test was used to observe the learning-memory ability. The Luxol fast blue （LFB） staining was used to observe the myelin sheath， and the phalloidin staining was used to observe the cytoskeleton in the hippocampus tissue. The mRNA expression levels of Rac1， PAK1， LIMK1， and cofilin were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR， and the protein expression levels of myelin basic protein （MBP）， Rac1， PAK1， phosphorylated （p）-PAK1， LIMK1， p-LIMK1， cofilin， and p-cofilin in the hippocampal tissue were detected using Western blot.ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed an obvious increase in the escape latency （P<0.01）， and a significant decrease in the number of the original platform-crossing， the swimming time in the original platform quadrant， cytoskeleton fluorescence intensity， mRNA expression levels of Rac1， PAK1， LIMK1， and cofilin， and protein expression levels of MBP and Rac1， and the ratios of p-PAK1/PAK1， p-LIMK1/LIMK1， and p-cofilin/cofilin in the hippocampus tissue （P<0.01）. Following EA intervention， the increased level of escape latency and the decreased levels of the number of the original platform-crossing， the swimming time in the original platform quadrant， cytoskeleton fluorescence intensity， and the expression levels of Rac1， PAK1， LIMK1， and cofilin mRNAs， and the expression levels of MBP and Rac1 proteins， and the ratios of p-PAK1/PAK1， p-LIMK1/LIMK1， and p-cofilin/cofilin were reversed （P<0.01， P<0.05）. LFB staining showed disordered and loose arrangement of the fibers with vacuoles in the model group. Compared with the model group， the number of myelin fibers was increased with the fibers arranged in relatively regular order in the EA group， suggesting a reduction of the degree of demyelination.ConclusionEA can improve the learning-memory ability of SAMP8 mice， which may be related to its functions in up-regulating the activity of Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin signaling， and promoting the cytoskeletal reorganization to improve myelin function.关键词：Alzheimer’s disease;Electroacupuncture;Myelin;Cytoskeleton;Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway65|101|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effects of moxibustion on hematoma clearance and neurological functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in rats， and to explore the potential mechanisms by which moxibustion mitigates secondary brain injury after ICH.MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into control， model， acupuncture， and moxibustion groups， with 15 rats in each group. The ICH model was established by collagenase injection into the caudate nucleus of rats. The rats in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group received treatments at “Baihui” （GV20） for 20 min， once daily for 5 consecutive days from the 3rd day after modeling. The modified neurological severity score （mNSS） and the open field test were used to evaluate the neurological deficits and motor function of ICH rats. Hematoma volume was observed in serial coronal brain sections. Myelin integrity and demyelination around the hematoma were evaluated by luxol fast blue myelin staining. The expression levels of hematoma clearance-related proteins， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） and CD36， in perilesional brain tissue were measured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to detect M1 （iNOS+CD68+） and M2 （CD206+CD68+） microglia around the hematoma to assess microglial polarization in ICH rats.ResultsCompared with the control group， the mNSS and immobility time in the open field of the model group were increased significantly （P<0.01）， whereas the total moving distance and the number of grid crossings in the open field were decreased significantly （P<0.01），volume of the hematoma was increased （P<0.05）， the myelin staining was sparse， there were many vacuoles， and there were obvious demyelination changes， the proportions of M1 and M2 types of microglia in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01， P<0.05）. After treatment， compared with the model group， the mNSS and immobility time in the open field of the rats in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the total moving distance and the number of grid crossings were significantly increased （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and the hematoma volume was significantly decreased （P<0.05）； the expression levels of PPARγ and CD36 in brain tissue were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the ratio of M1 microglia decreased （P<0.05）， while M2 microglia ratio increased significantly （P<0.05） around the hematoma.ConclusionMoxibustion can effectively reduce the neurological injury and promote the clearance of hematoma in ICH rats. The mechanisms may involve up-regulation of PPARγ and CD36 expression， and modulation of microglial polarization.关键词：intracerebral hemorrhage;Acupuncture;Moxibustion;Microglia;Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ;CD36164|254|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture （EA） combined with intradermal acupuncture （IA） for Bell’s palsy （BP） based on the stratification of facial paralysis （FP） severity.MethodsA total of 220 patients with BP were stratified according to FP severity （House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System） and enrolled. They were randomly divided into an observation group （moderate BP 55 cases ［5 cases dropped off］， severe BP 55 cases ［3 cases dropped off］） and a control group （moderate BP 55 cases ［1 case dropped off］， severe BP 55 cases ［3 cases dropped off］）. The control group received traditional EA. Main acupoints included Yifeng （SJ17）， Dicang （ST4）， Jiache （ST6）， Yangbai （GB14）， Xiaguan （ST7）， Qianzheng （EX-HN16） on the affected side， and bilateral Hegu （LI4）. Electrical stimulation was applied to two pairs of acupoints （ST6 and ST4， SJ17 and ST7） for 30 min per session. The observation group received IA in addition to the same EA treatment as the control group. After each EA treatment， IA was applied to the main acupoints. Patients were instructed to press the embedded needles three times daily. IA was retained for 24 h and then removed. Treatment for both groups commenced on the 8th day after the onset， once every other day， three times per week until complete recovery or the end of the 24-week follow-up period. The recovery time of the two groups was observed. The cure rates at weeks 6， 12， and 24 were compared between groups. The surface electromyography （sEMG） of the affected-side facial expression muscle groups was assessed at the baseline and week 12. The incidence of synkinesis at week 24 was compared between the two groups. All indicators were analyzed for the total sample overall and by FP severity stratum.Results①When the total sample was analyzed， the root mean square （RMS） ratios of facial expression muscle groups increased from baseline to week 12 in both groups （P<0.01）. However， there were no significant between-group differences in cure rates at weeks 6， 12， and 24， recovery time， the incidence of synkinesis at week 24. ②For patients with severe BP： The cure rates in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at weeks 6， 12 and 24 （P<0.05）. Survival analysis indicated a shorter recovery time in the observation group （P<0.05）. At week 12， the RMS ratios in the observation group were also higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The difference in the incidence of synkinesis at week 24 between the two groups was not statistically significant. ③For patients with moderate BP： No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding cure rates at weeks 6， 12， and 24， recovery time， facial expression muscle RMS ratios at week 12， and synkinesis incidence at week 24.ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of EA combined with IA in treating severe BP （House-Brackmann grades Ⅴ/Ⅵ） is superior to that of single EA. The combined therapy can significantly improve the cure rate， shorten recovery time， and improve the muscle strength of the facial expression muscles， without increasing the incidence of synkinesis. Conversely， for moderate BP （House-Brackmann grades Ⅲ/Ⅳ）， the combined therapy does not show superiority over single EA.关键词：Bell’s palsy;Electroacupuncture;Intradermal acupuncture;Facial paralysis severity;Stratified randomized controlled trial90|96|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of dongjin acupuncture therapy in combination of zhihuang stasis-pain relief ointment for acute ankle sprain.MethodsThe patients with acute ankle sprain were divided into an observation group and a control group according the random number table， 62 cases in each group. In the control group， the patients were treated with external application of zhihuang stasis-pain relief ointment， once a day and for 2 weeks. In the observation group， in addition to the treatment as the control group， dongjin acupuncture therapy was operated at 3 target sites near the tender points，20 min each time， once a day， 3 times a week and for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment， the score of visual analog scale （VAS）， the score of American orthopaedic foot and ankle society ankle-hindfoot scale （AOFAS）， the range of motion （ROM） in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion， and the score of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms were observed in the two groups. The clinical effect of each group was assessed.ResultsAfter treatment， VAS score and TCM symptom score were reduced in comparison with those before treatment in either group （P<0.05）， and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05） . AOFAS score and ROM of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were increased after treatment in the two groups （P<0.05）， and those outcomes in the observation group were superior to the control group （P<0.05）. The total effective rate was 96.77% （60/62） in the observation group， which was higher than the control group （82.26%， 51/62， P<0.05）.ConclusionDongjin acupuncture therapy combined with zhihuang stasis-pain relief ointment significantly alleviates the symptoms such as pain， and improve ankle joint function in patients with acute ankle sprain.关键词：Acute ankle sprain;Dongjin acupuncture;Zhihuang stasis-pain relief ointment102|138|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：As key sites where qi and blood from the meridians infuse into the body surface， acupoints exhibit temperature specificity， which is of great significance for both acupuncture theory and clinical practice. While numerous studies have reported patterns of temperature variations across different acupoints， systematic and comprehensive analyses remain scarce. This study investigates temperature specificity at acupoints using infrared thermography and reveals the following： （1） significant temperature differences exist between acupoint and non-acupoint areas， with variations across physiological states and needling interventions； （2） the symmetry and balance of acupoint temperatures reflect the body’s physiological status—healthy individuals exhibit symmetrical and balanced temperatures， whereas pathological states disrupt this pattern； （3） under different disease conditions， acupoint temperatures demonstrate bidirectional changes， which may provide a basis for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment； （4） acupoint temperature profiles align closely with meridian theory， and different acupuncture modalities exert distinct regulatory effects. This paper summarizes the patterns of temperature variation at acupoints and provides guidance for clinical practice and future research directions.关键词：Infrared thermography;Acupoints;Temperature;Specificity;Acupuncture and moxibustion154|230|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：Two-photon microscopy， with its exceptional capabilities in deep tissue penetration ability， low phototoxicity， high spatial resolution， anti-light scattering properties， and long working distance， has become an ideal tool for imaging living tissues， deep structures， and optically cleared thick-tissue samples， and is widely used in the field of biomedical research. However， the application of this technique in acupuncture research is still in its early stage. Given the great potential of two-photon microscopy imaging in acupuncture research， this article systematically explains the principles and technical advantages of two-photon microscopy， and reviews its latest application progress in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion. At the same time， by integrating second harmonic generation imaging， optogenetics， gene editing， and tissue clearing techniques， innovative strategies tailored for acupuncture and moxibustion research are proposed. Concrete suggestions are also provided for achieving high-quality imaging with two-photon microscopy. These efforts aim to facilitate the advanced application of this technology in acupuncture and moxibustion research， enable real-time dynamic in vivo observation of acupuncture effects， and provide robust technical support for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion.关键词：Two-photon microscopy;Acupuncture and moxibustion;Fusion strategy;In vivo imaging;Tissue clearing technology169|281|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：In the past decade， there has been a significant increase in the number of studies related to the combination of acupoints for acupuncture， which has preliminarily revealed the effects and mechanisms of various acupoint combinations. However， there are still limitations. By searching and summarizing studies on the effects and mechanisms of acupoint combinations， it has been found that there are issues in this field that need to be improved， such as vague terminology definitions， uneven research interest in different methods of acupoint combinations， insufficient research on antagonistic effects， and a lack of diversity in outcome indicators for mechanism studies. This paper discusses the optimization direction for future research on acupoint combinations， aiming to effectively promote new progress in the field of formulating acupoint combinations and to facilitate the translation of research findings into clinical practice.关键词：Acupuncture;Acupoint compatibility;Combination of acupoints92|224|0更新时间：2026-05-28
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the rules of acupoint selection for different stages， syndrome types and symptoms of diabetic nephropathy （DKD） treated with acupuncture by means of data mining technology.MethodsLiteratures on acupuncture for DKD were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform， SinoMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science and PubMed databases from their inception to January 1， 2025. Frequency statistics were performed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System. Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was adopted to analyze the association rules of acupoint compatibility for different stages， main syndrome types and symptoms of DKD， and Cytoscape software was used to draw the co-occurrence network diagram.ResultsA total of 119 literatures were included， involving 62 acupoints. The frequency （260 times） and number （27 acupoints） of acupoint application in the early stage of DKD treated with acupuncture were the highest， focusing on replenishing qi and nourishing yin， promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis， and Zusanli （ST36）， Sanyinjiao （SP6） and Xuehai （SP10） were mostly selected； in the clinical stage， the treatment focused on tonifying the spleen and kidney， removing blood stasis and purging turbidity， and Shenshu （BL23）， Pishu （BL20）， Guanyuan （CV4） and Yinlingquan （SP9） were mostly selected； in the end stage， the treatment focused on strengthening yang and consolidating the root， resolving turbidity and detoxifying， and BL20， Mingmen （GV4）， CV4 and Shenque （CV8） were mostly selected； for different syndrome types， acupoints were selected based on syndrome differentiation， such as SP6-Taixi （KI3）， BL20-CV4， ST36-Zhongwan （CV12）， SP10-Geshu （BL17）； for different symptoms， high-frequency acupoints were selected based on symptom differentiation， such as CV4， Gaohuangshu （BL43）， Shuidao （ST28） and Dadun （LR1）. Among the 19 literatures adopting symptom-combined acupoint selection， "edema" had the highest frequency of occurrence.ConclusionThe Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang was the meridian with the highest frequency of acupoint application in all stages， and BL23-ST36 was the high-frequency acupoint pair in all stages and syndrome types. Clinically， acupoint selection can be performed by combining stages， syndrome types and symptoms.关键词：Diabetic nephropathy;Acupuncture;Staging;Syndrome type;Symptom;Rule of acupoint selection;Data mining119|627|0更新时间：2026-05-28
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